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Neuropathological changes and clinical features of autism spectrum disorder participants are similar to that reported in congenital and chronic cerebral toxoplasmosis in humans and mice / Joseph PRANDOTA in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 4-2 (April-June 2010)  

Public ISBD [article]  inResearch in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 4-2 (April-June 2010) . - p.103-118 Titre : Neuropathological changes and clinical features of autism spectrum disorder participants are similar to that reported in congenital and chronic cerebral toxoplasmosis in humans and mice Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Joseph PRANDOTA, Auteur Année de publication : 2010 Article en page(s) : p.103-118 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism Cerebral-toxoplasmosis Chronic-neuroinflammation Neuropathological-changes Behavior-personality-profile-abnormalities Congenital-acquired-toxoplasmosis Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Anatomic, histopathologic, and MRI/SPET studies of autistic spectrum disorders (ASD) patients’ brains confirm existence of very early developmental deficits. In congenital and chronic murine toxoplasmosis several cerebral anomalies also have been reported, and worldwide, approximately two billion people are chronically infected with T. gondii with largely yet unknown consequences. The aim of the study was therefore to compare brain abnormalities in ASD patients with those found in mice with cerebral toxoplasmosis (CT) because this may help in understanding pathophysiology of ASD. Data from available published studies were analyzed to compare postmortem pathologic changes found in the brains of ASD patients with those of mice developed after intraperitoneal T. gondii infection. Patients with ASD had the following brain abnormalities: active neuroinflammatory process notably in cerebellum, microglial nodules, accumulation of perivascular macrophages, decreased number and size of Purkinje cells in cerebellar nuclei and inferior olive, hypoperfusion of brain. Mice with congenital toxoplasmosis also had persistent neuroinflammation and ventricular enlargement, periventricular edema, meningeal and perivascular inflammation, and focal loss of Purkinje and granule cells. In murine acquired CT, the brain anomalies included: ventricular dilatation probably reflecting loss of brain parenchyma; perivascular inflammation particularly in hippocampus, and periaqueductal/periventricular areas, Purkinje cell layer markedly disfigured with focal loss of cells; perivascular cuffing by mononuclear cells and localized microglial/inflammatory nodules. Infection of mice with different strains of T. gondii resulted in distinctive neuropathological changes and various stadium of maturity of cysts and the parasite itself, which is in line with the diversity of the autistic phenotypes. Also, the abnormalities in behavior and clinical features associated with autism resembled that reported in chronic latent toxoplasmosis in humans and rodents. All these similarities suggest that T. gondii should be regarded as an important infectious factor that may trigger development of ASD and some other neurodegenerative diseases, such as obsessive–compulsive and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorders, and cryptogenic epilepsy. Thus, all these patients should be tested for T. gondii infection. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2009.09.007 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=973 [article] Neuropathological changes and clinical features of autism spectrum disorder participants are similar to that reported in congenital and chronic cerebral toxoplasmosis in humans and mice [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Joseph PRANDOTA, Auteur . - 2010 . - p.103-118. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 4-2 (April-June 2010) . - p.103-118 Mots-clés : Autism Cerebral-toxoplasmosis Chronic-neuroinflammation Neuropathological-changes Behavior-personality-profile-abnormalities Congenital-acquired-toxoplasmosis Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Anatomic, histopathologic, and MRI/SPET studies of autistic spectrum disorders (ASD) patients’ brains confirm existence of very early developmental deficits. In congenital and chronic murine toxoplasmosis several cerebral anomalies also have been reported, and worldwide, approximately two billion people are chronically infected with T. gondii with largely yet unknown consequences. The aim of the study was therefore to compare brain abnormalities in ASD patients with those found in mice with cerebral toxoplasmosis (CT) because this may help in understanding pathophysiology of ASD. Data from available published studies were analyzed to compare postmortem pathologic changes found in the brains of ASD patients with those of mice developed after intraperitoneal T. gondii infection. Patients with ASD had the following brain abnormalities: active neuroinflammatory process notably in cerebellum, microglial nodules, accumulation of perivascular macrophages, decreased number and size of Purkinje cells in cerebellar nuclei and inferior olive, hypoperfusion of brain. Mice with congenital toxoplasmosis also had persistent neuroinflammation and ventricular enlargement, periventricular edema, meningeal and perivascular inflammation, and focal loss of Purkinje and granule cells. In murine acquired CT, the brain anomalies included: ventricular dilatation probably reflecting loss of brain parenchyma; perivascular inflammation particularly in hippocampus, and periaqueductal/periventricular areas, Purkinje cell layer markedly disfigured with focal loss of cells; perivascular cuffing by mononuclear cells and localized microglial/inflammatory nodules. Infection of mice with different strains of T. gondii resulted in distinctive neuropathological changes and various stadium of maturity of cysts and the parasite itself, which is in line with the diversity of the autistic phenotypes. Also, the abnormalities in behavior and clinical features associated with autism resembled that reported in chronic latent toxoplasmosis in humans and rodents. All these similarities suggest that T. gondii should be regarded as an important infectious factor that may trigger development of ASD and some other neurodegenerative diseases, such as obsessive–compulsive and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorders, and cryptogenic epilepsy. Thus, all these patients should be tested for T. gondii infection. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2009.09.007 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=973

Autism spectrum disorders may be due to cerebral toxoplasmosis associated with chronic neuroinflammation causing persistent hypercytokinemia that resulted in an increased lipid peroxidation, oxidative stress, and depressed metabolism of endogenous and exo / Joseph PRANDOTA in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 4-2 (April-June 2010)  

Public ISBD [article]  inResearch in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 4-2 (April-June 2010) . - p.119-155 Titre : Autism spectrum disorders may be due to cerebral toxoplasmosis associated with chronic neuroinflammation causing persistent hypercytokinemia that resulted in an increased lipid peroxidation, oxidative stress, and depressed metabolism of endogenous and exo Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Joseph PRANDOTA, Auteur Année de publication : 2010 Article en page(s) : p.119-155 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autistic-spectrum-disorders Cerebral-toxoplasmosis Immune-irregularities Hypercytokinemia Nitric-oxide Oxidative-stress Hypermetabolic-state Depressed-enzyme-activities Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Worldwide, approximately 2 billion people are chronically infected with Toxoplasma gondii with largely yet unknown consequences. Patients with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) similarly as mice with chronic toxoplasmosis have persistent neuroinflammation, hypercytokinemia with hypermetabolism associated with enhanced lipid peroxidation, and extreme changes in the weight resulting in obesity or wasting. Data presented in this review suggest that environmental triggering factors such as pregnancy, viral/bacterial infections, vaccinations, medications, and other substances caused reactivation of latent cerebral toxoplasmosis because of changes in intensity of latent central nervous system T. gondii infection/inflammation and finally resulted in development of ASD. Examples of such environmental factors together with their respective biomarker abnormalities are: pregnancy (increased NO, IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10, prolactin; decreased IFN-γ, IL-12), neuroborreliosis (increased IL-1β, sIL-1R2, TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, IL-18, transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)), viral infections (increased IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, IFN-γ/α/β, TGF-β1), thimerosal (increased IL-5, IL-13; decreased IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-12p70, NOS), and valproic acid (increased NO, reactive oxygen species; decreased TNF-α, IL-6, IFN-γ). The imbalances in pro- and antiinflammatory processes could markedly hinder host defense mechanisms important for immune control of the parasite, such as the production of NO, cytokines, and reactive oxygen/nitrogen species, tryptophan degradation by indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase and/or tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase, limitation of the availability of intracellular iron to T. gondii, and the mechanisms mediated by an IFN-γ responsive gene family. These fluctuations could result in a recurrent profuse multiplication of T. gondii in the brain associated with persistent neuroinflammation, chronic overproduction of pro- and antiinflammatory cytokines, and NO causing increased oxidative stress, and significantly depressed activity of several enzymes including cytochrome P450 monooxygenase family responsible for metabolism of physiological substrates and xenobiotics, such as steroids, fatty acids, prostaglandins, drugs, pollutants, and carcinogens, finally leading to development of ASD. This reasoning may be supported by such abnormal metabolic events as: (1) patients with ASD have significantly decreased melatonin levels caused by marked deficit in acetylserotonin methyltransferase activity, possibly resulting from maternal and/or fetal/postnatal overproduction of NO, characteristic for this clinical entity; (2) thimerosal inhibited both insulin-like growth factor-1- and dopamine-stimulated methylation reactions, and depressed methionine synthase activity, the metabolic events important for promoting normal neurodevelopment; (3) valproic acid, a strong histone deacetylase inhibitor, have potent anti-T. gondii activity. Thus, patients with ASD should be tested for T. gondii infection. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2009.09.011 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=973 [article] Autism spectrum disorders may be due to cerebral toxoplasmosis associated with chronic neuroinflammation causing persistent hypercytokinemia that resulted in an increased lipid peroxidation, oxidative stress, and depressed metabolism of endogenous and exo [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Joseph PRANDOTA, Auteur . - 2010 . - p.119-155. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 4-2 (April-June 2010) . - p.119-155 Mots-clés : Autistic-spectrum-disorders Cerebral-toxoplasmosis Immune-irregularities Hypercytokinemia Nitric-oxide Oxidative-stress Hypermetabolic-state Depressed-enzyme-activities Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Worldwide, approximately 2 billion people are chronically infected with Toxoplasma gondii with largely yet unknown consequences. Patients with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) similarly as mice with chronic toxoplasmosis have persistent neuroinflammation, hypercytokinemia with hypermetabolism associated with enhanced lipid peroxidation, and extreme changes in the weight resulting in obesity or wasting. Data presented in this review suggest that environmental triggering factors such as pregnancy, viral/bacterial infections, vaccinations, medications, and other substances caused reactivation of latent cerebral toxoplasmosis because of changes in intensity of latent central nervous system T. gondii infection/inflammation and finally resulted in development of ASD. Examples of such environmental factors together with their respective biomarker abnormalities are: pregnancy (increased NO, IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10, prolactin; decreased IFN-γ, IL-12), neuroborreliosis (increased IL-1β, sIL-1R2, TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, IL-18, transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)), viral infections (increased IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, IFN-γ/α/β, TGF-β1), thimerosal (increased IL-5, IL-13; decreased IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-12p70, NOS), and valproic acid (increased NO, reactive oxygen species; decreased TNF-α, IL-6, IFN-γ). The imbalances in pro- and antiinflammatory processes could markedly hinder host defense mechanisms important for immune control of the parasite, such as the production of NO, cytokines, and reactive oxygen/nitrogen species, tryptophan degradation by indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase and/or tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase, limitation of the availability of intracellular iron to T. gondii, and the mechanisms mediated by an IFN-γ responsive gene family. These fluctuations could result in a recurrent profuse multiplication of T. gondii in the brain associated with persistent neuroinflammation, chronic overproduction of pro- and antiinflammatory cytokines, and NO causing increased oxidative stress, and significantly depressed activity of several enzymes including cytochrome P450 monooxygenase family responsible for metabolism of physiological substrates and xenobiotics, such as steroids, fatty acids, prostaglandins, drugs, pollutants, and carcinogens, finally leading to development of ASD. This reasoning may be supported by such abnormal metabolic events as: (1) patients with ASD have significantly decreased melatonin levels caused by marked deficit in acetylserotonin methyltransferase activity, possibly resulting from maternal and/or fetal/postnatal overproduction of NO, characteristic for this clinical entity; (2) thimerosal inhibited both insulin-like growth factor-1- and dopamine-stimulated methylation reactions, and depressed methionine synthase activity, the metabolic events important for promoting normal neurodevelopment; (3) valproic acid, a strong histone deacetylase inhibitor, have potent anti-T. gondii activity. Thus, patients with ASD should be tested for T. gondii infection. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2009.09.011 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=973

A review of the prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorder in Asia / Xiang SUN in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 4-2 (April-June 2010)  

Public ISBD [article]  inResearch in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 4-2 (April-June 2010) . - p.156-167 Titre : A review of the prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorder in Asia Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Xiang SUN, Auteur ; Carrie ALLISON, Auteur Année de publication : 2010 Article en page(s) : p.156-167 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism-Spectrum-Disorder Prevalence Screening Diagnosis Asia Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Electronic databases and bibliographies were searched for English language articles on the prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorder in Asia over time to estimate prevalence. The overall reported prevalence of ASD in recent studies was higher than the previously reported in Asia. The average prevalence of ASD before 1980 was around 1.9/10,000 while it was 14.8/10,000 from 1980 to present. The median prevalence of ASD among 2–6-year-old children who are reported in China from 2000 upwards was 10.3/10,000. ASD is probably more common in Asia than previously thought. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2009.10.003 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=973 [article] A review of the prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorder in Asia [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Xiang SUN, Auteur ; Carrie ALLISON, Auteur . - 2010 . - p.156-167. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 4-2 (April-June 2010) . - p.156-167 Mots-clés : Autism-Spectrum-Disorder Prevalence Screening Diagnosis Asia Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Electronic databases and bibliographies were searched for English language articles on the prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorder in Asia over time to estimate prevalence. The overall reported prevalence of ASD in recent studies was higher than the previously reported in Asia. The average prevalence of ASD before 1980 was around 1.9/10,000 while it was 14.8/10,000 from 1980 to present. The median prevalence of ASD among 2–6-year-old children who are reported in China from 2000 upwards was 10.3/10,000. ASD is probably more common in Asia than previously thought. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2009.10.003 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=973

Training children with autism spectrum disorders to be compliant with a physical exam / Anthony J. CUVO in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 4-2 (April-June 2010)  

Public ISBD [article]  inResearch in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 4-2 (April-June 2010) . - p.168-185 Titre : Training children with autism spectrum disorders to be compliant with a physical exam Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Anthony J. CUVO, Auteur ; Amanda LAW REAGAN, Auteur ; Julie ACKERLUND, Auteur ; Rachel HUCKFELDT, Auteur ; Cheri KELLY, Auteur Année de publication : 2010 Article en page(s) : p.168-185 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism Medical-exam Desensitization Compliance Medical-compliance Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The purpose of this study was to train children with autism spectrum disorders to be compliant with a 10-component physical examination. After a physician assistant administered an exam pretest, noncompliance on steps of the exam were considered with respect to a skill deficit and escape from aversive stimuli. A package of training procedures was implemented, including preference assessment, priming DVD, various prompts, contact desensitization (i.e., fading in aversive stimuli), shaping, escape extinction, and differential reinforcement of other behavior. Results showed the efficacy of the intervention procedures, maintenance of responding, and stimulus generalization of responses. The study provides a model for the assessment and intervention of noncompliance to health care procedures by children with autism spectrum disorders. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2009.09.001 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=973 [article] Training children with autism spectrum disorders to be compliant with a physical exam [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Anthony J. CUVO, Auteur ; Amanda LAW REAGAN, Auteur ; Julie ACKERLUND, Auteur ; Rachel HUCKFELDT, Auteur ; Cheri KELLY, Auteur . - 2010 . - p.168-185. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 4-2 (April-June 2010) . - p.168-185 Mots-clés : Autism Medical-exam Desensitization Compliance Medical-compliance Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The purpose of this study was to train children with autism spectrum disorders to be compliant with a 10-component physical examination. After a physician assistant administered an exam pretest, noncompliance on steps of the exam were considered with respect to a skill deficit and escape from aversive stimuli. A package of training procedures was implemented, including preference assessment, priming DVD, various prompts, contact desensitization (i.e., fading in aversive stimuli), shaping, escape extinction, and differential reinforcement of other behavior. Results showed the efficacy of the intervention procedures, maintenance of responding, and stimulus generalization of responses. The study provides a model for the assessment and intervention of noncompliance to health care procedures by children with autism spectrum disorders. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2009.09.001 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=973

The effectiveness of a group teaching interaction procedure for teaching social skills to young children with a pervasive developmental disorder / Justin B. LEAF in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 4-2 (April-June 2010)  

Public ISBD [article]  inResearch in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 4-2 (April-June 2010) . - p.186-198 Titre : The effectiveness of a group teaching interaction procedure for teaching social skills to young children with a pervasive developmental disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Justin B. LEAF, Auteur ; Misty L. OPPENHEIM, Auteur ; Wesley H. DOTSON, Auteur ; Jan B. SHELDON, Auteur ; James A. SHERMAN, Auteur Année de publication : 2010 Article en page(s) : p.186-198 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism Social-skills Teaching-interaction Behavioral-intervention Discrete-trial-teaching Behavioral-skills-training Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Deficits in social skills are characteristic of children with autism. Clinicians often include teaching these skills as part of comprehensive curriculum. One method of developing social skills for children with autism is the teaching interaction procedure. This procedure involves describing the behavior, providing a rational and cues when to use the behavior, dividing the skill into smaller steps, demonstrating the behavior, having the learner role play the behavior, and providing feedback. This study implemented a teaching interaction procedure as part of group social-skills instruction for five children diagnosed with an autism spectrum disorder. A multiple-probe design across behaviors and replicated across participants was used. All five participants acquired the social skills taught to them and generalization was promoted. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2009.09.003 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=973 [article] The effectiveness of a group teaching interaction procedure for teaching social skills to young children with a pervasive developmental disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Justin B. LEAF, Auteur ; Misty L. OPPENHEIM, Auteur ; Wesley H. DOTSON, Auteur ; Jan B. SHELDON, Auteur ; James A. SHERMAN, Auteur . - 2010 . - p.186-198. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 4-2 (April-June 2010) . - p.186-198 Mots-clés : Autism Social-skills Teaching-interaction Behavioral-intervention Discrete-trial-teaching Behavioral-skills-training Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Deficits in social skills are characteristic of children with autism. Clinicians often include teaching these skills as part of comprehensive curriculum. One method of developing social skills for children with autism is the teaching interaction procedure. This procedure involves describing the behavior, providing a rational and cues when to use the behavior, dividing the skill into smaller steps, demonstrating the behavior, having the learner role play the behavior, and providing feedback. This study implemented a teaching interaction procedure as part of group social-skills instruction for five children diagnosed with an autism spectrum disorder. A multiple-probe design across behaviors and replicated across participants was used. All five participants acquired the social skills taught to them and generalization was promoted. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2009.09.003 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=973

Group teaching of conversational skills to adolescents on the autism spectrum / Wesley H. DOTSON in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 4-2 (April-June 2010)  

Public ISBD [article]  inResearch in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 4-2 (April-June 2010) . - p.199-209 Titre : Group teaching of conversational skills to adolescents on the autism spectrum Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Wesley H. DOTSON, Auteur ; Justin B. LEAF, Auteur ; Jan B. SHELDON, Auteur ; James A. SHERMAN, Auteur Année de publication : 2010 Article en page(s) : p.199-209 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism Social-skills Group-instruction Adolescents Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Adolescents with autism struggle with developing meaningful social relationships. Learning appropriate conversational skills can be an important first step in creating friendships. A procedure that has been effective in teaching conversational skills to typically developing adolescents is the teaching interaction procedure, which involves describing the target behavior, why it should be used, when it should be used, and the steps in the skill, modeling the behavior, and having the learner role-play. Throughout the teaching process, feedback is given to the adolescent. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the teaching interaction procedure could be used to teach adolescents with autism conversational skills in a group setting. Five children, four on the autism spectrum and one with ADHD, were taught conversational basics, how to give positive feedback to a speaker, and how to answer and ask open-ended questions. A multiple-probe design across behaviors and replicated across participants revealed that four of the five participants mastered all three conversational skills, while the fifth participant mastered two of the skills. While no participants fully generalized the skills to interactions with a typical peer, participants showed some generalization to those interactions. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2009.09.005 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=973 [article] Group teaching of conversational skills to adolescents on the autism spectrum [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Wesley H. DOTSON, Auteur ; Justin B. LEAF, Auteur ; Jan B. SHELDON, Auteur ; James A. SHERMAN, Auteur . - 2010 . - p.199-209. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 4-2 (April-June 2010) . - p.199-209 Mots-clés : Autism Social-skills Group-instruction Adolescents Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Adolescents with autism struggle with developing meaningful social relationships. Learning appropriate conversational skills can be an important first step in creating friendships. A procedure that has been effective in teaching conversational skills to typically developing adolescents is the teaching interaction procedure, which involves describing the target behavior, why it should be used, when it should be used, and the steps in the skill, modeling the behavior, and having the learner role-play. Throughout the teaching process, feedback is given to the adolescent. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the teaching interaction procedure could be used to teach adolescents with autism conversational skills in a group setting. Five children, four on the autism spectrum and one with ADHD, were taught conversational basics, how to give positive feedback to a speaker, and how to answer and ask open-ended questions. A multiple-probe design across behaviors and replicated across participants revealed that four of the five participants mastered all three conversational skills, while the fifth participant mastered two of the skills. While no participants fully generalized the skills to interactions with a typical peer, participants showed some generalization to those interactions. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2009.09.005 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=973

Changes in Restricted Repetitive Behaviors with age: A study of high-functioning adults with Autism Spectrum Disorders / Monali CHOWDHURY in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 4-2 (April-June 2010)  

Public ISBD [article]  inResearch in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 4-2 (April-June 2010) . - p.210-216 Titre : Changes in Restricted Repetitive Behaviors with age: A study of high-functioning adults with Autism Spectrum Disorders Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Monali CHOWDHURY, Auteur ; Ashleigh HILLIER, Auteur ; Betsey A. BENSON, Auteur Année de publication : 2010 Article en page(s) : p.210-216 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism-Spectrum-Disorders Restricted-Repetitive-Behaviors High-functioning Adult Age Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The existing literature suggests that while impairments in Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs) continue into adulthood, some behavioral symptoms tend to abate with age. However, there is a dearth of research examining changes in ASD symptoms from childhood to adulthood, especially for Restricted Repetitive Behaviors (RRBs). We examined age-related changes in RRBs in a sample of 34 high-functioning adults with ASDs at current age and retrospectively at age 4–5 years using the Autism Diagnostic Interview—Revised, and the Repetitive Behavior Scale—Revised. We found significant changes in all RRBs over time with the exception of the Self-injurious Behavior subscale of the RBS-R. In addition, the degree of change also differed for RRB subtypes. Based on the RBS-R, the highest proportion of participants showed improvements on the Compulsive Behavior subscale (75%), and the lowest proportion showed improvement on the Restricted Behavior subscale (44.1%). We also found a low base rate for certain symptoms (e.g., self-injurious behavior, unusual preoccupations, and unusual sensory interests) in this sample of higher-functioning individuals with ASDs. Future research should examine further changes in RRBs in late adulthood and also evaluate contextual variables that are likely to be related to symptom abatement over time. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2009.09.006 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=973 [article] Changes in Restricted Repetitive Behaviors with age: A study of high-functioning adults with Autism Spectrum Disorders [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Monali CHOWDHURY, Auteur ; Ashleigh HILLIER, Auteur ; Betsey A. BENSON, Auteur . - 2010 . - p.210-216. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 4-2 (April-June 2010) . - p.210-216 Mots-clés : Autism-Spectrum-Disorders Restricted-Repetitive-Behaviors High-functioning Adult Age Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The existing literature suggests that while impairments in Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs) continue into adulthood, some behavioral symptoms tend to abate with age. However, there is a dearth of research examining changes in ASD symptoms from childhood to adulthood, especially for Restricted Repetitive Behaviors (RRBs). We examined age-related changes in RRBs in a sample of 34 high-functioning adults with ASDs at current age and retrospectively at age 4–5 years using the Autism Diagnostic Interview—Revised, and the Repetitive Behavior Scale—Revised. We found significant changes in all RRBs over time with the exception of the Self-injurious Behavior subscale of the RBS-R. In addition, the degree of change also differed for RRB subtypes. Based on the RBS-R, the highest proportion of participants showed improvements on the Compulsive Behavior subscale (75%), and the lowest proportion showed improvement on the Restricted Behavior subscale (44.1%). We also found a low base rate for certain symptoms (e.g., self-injurious behavior, unusual preoccupations, and unusual sensory interests) in this sample of higher-functioning individuals with ASDs. Future research should examine further changes in RRBs in late adulthood and also evaluate contextual variables that are likely to be related to symptom abatement over time. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2009.09.006 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=973

Coping, distress, and well-being in mothers of children with autism / Paul R. BENSON in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 4-2 (April-June 2010)  

Public ISBD [article]  inResearch in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 4-2 (April-June 2010) . - p.217-228 Titre : Coping, distress, and well-being in mothers of children with autism Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Paul R. BENSON, Auteur Année de publication : 2010 Article en page(s) : p.217-228 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism Coping Distress Well-being Mothers Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : As is the case in stress research generally, studies examining the relationship between coping and mental health outcomes in parents of children with autism frequently classify parental coping methods as being either problem- or emotion-focused. We argue that this dichotomization of coping strategies oversimplifies the way parents respond to their child's autism. In the present study, the coping methods employed by 113 mothers of children with autism were investigated using the Brief COPE (Carver et al., 1989). Exploratory factor analysis of Brief COPE subscales identified four reliable coping dimensions: engagement coping, distraction coping, disengagement coping, and cognitive reframing coping. In addition, using multiple regression, we examined the relationship of coping strategies to negative and positive maternal outcomes (depression, anger, and well-being). In general, maternal use of avoidant coping (distraction and disengagement) was found to be associated with increased levels of maternal depression and anger, while use of cognitive reframing was associated with higher levels of maternal well-being. In several instances, child characteristics, particularly severity of child maladaptive behavior, moderated the effect of coping on maternal outcomes. Study findings are discussed in light of previous research in the area; in addition, study limitations and clinical implications are highlighted. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2009.09.008 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=973 [article] Coping, distress, and well-being in mothers of children with autism [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Paul R. BENSON, Auteur . - 2010 . - p.217-228. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 4-2 (April-June 2010) . - p.217-228 Mots-clés : Autism Coping Distress Well-being Mothers Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : As is the case in stress research generally, studies examining the relationship between coping and mental health outcomes in parents of children with autism frequently classify parental coping methods as being either problem- or emotion-focused. We argue that this dichotomization of coping strategies oversimplifies the way parents respond to their child's autism. In the present study, the coping methods employed by 113 mothers of children with autism were investigated using the Brief COPE (Carver et al., 1989). Exploratory factor analysis of Brief COPE subscales identified four reliable coping dimensions: engagement coping, distraction coping, disengagement coping, and cognitive reframing coping. In addition, using multiple regression, we examined the relationship of coping strategies to negative and positive maternal outcomes (depression, anger, and well-being). In general, maternal use of avoidant coping (distraction and disengagement) was found to be associated with increased levels of maternal depression and anger, while use of cognitive reframing was associated with higher levels of maternal well-being. In several instances, child characteristics, particularly severity of child maladaptive behavior, moderated the effect of coping on maternal outcomes. Study findings are discussed in light of previous research in the area; in addition, study limitations and clinical implications are highlighted. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2009.09.008 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=973

The effects of a parent-focused intervention for children with a recent diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder on parenting stress and competence / Deb KEEN in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 4-2 (April-June 2010)  

Public ISBD [article]  inResearch in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 4-2 (April-June 2010) . - p.229-241 Titre : The effects of a parent-focused intervention for children with a recent diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder on parenting stress and competence Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Deb KEEN, Auteur ; Sylvia RODGER, Auteur ; Donna COUZENS, Auteur ; Sandy MUSPRATT, Auteur Année de publication : 2010 Article en page(s) : p.229-241 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Parenting-stress Parenting-competence Early-intervention Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This paper reports on the effects of two types of parent-focused intervention, for parents of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) aged 2–4 years and within 6 months of diagnosis, on parent's perceptions of stress and competence. Interventions aimed to decrease parenting stress and increase parenting competence by embedding empirically supported parenting strategies within family routines. Families were assigned to a professionally supported intervention that included a workshop and 10 home-visits (n = 17) or to a self-directed video based intervention (n = 22). Development in social communication was greater for children of families receiving professional support as measured by a caregiver questionnaire but not on a clinically measured behavior sample. Improvements in adaptive behavior were greater for children in the professionally supported intervention when relatively low adaptive behavior scores had been demonstrated at pre-intervention. The professionally supported intervention resulted in reduced child-related parenting stress and increased parenting self-efficacy relative to the self-directed intervention. The findings support the importance of providing individualized information and professional support around the time of diagnosis for families who have a child with ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2009.09.009 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=973 [article] The effects of a parent-focused intervention for children with a recent diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder on parenting stress and competence [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Deb KEEN, Auteur ; Sylvia RODGER, Auteur ; Donna COUZENS, Auteur ; Sandy MUSPRATT, Auteur . - 2010 . - p.229-241. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 4-2 (April-June 2010) . - p.229-241 Mots-clés : Parenting-stress Parenting-competence Early-intervention Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This paper reports on the effects of two types of parent-focused intervention, for parents of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) aged 2–4 years and within 6 months of diagnosis, on parent's perceptions of stress and competence. Interventions aimed to decrease parenting stress and increase parenting competence by embedding empirically supported parenting strategies within family routines. Families were assigned to a professionally supported intervention that included a workshop and 10 home-visits (n = 17) or to a self-directed video based intervention (n = 22). Development in social communication was greater for children of families receiving professional support as measured by a caregiver questionnaire but not on a clinically measured behavior sample. Improvements in adaptive behavior were greater for children in the professionally supported intervention when relatively low adaptive behavior scores had been demonstrated at pre-intervention. The professionally supported intervention resulted in reduced child-related parenting stress and increased parenting self-efficacy relative to the self-directed intervention. The findings support the importance of providing individualized information and professional support around the time of diagnosis for families who have a child with ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2009.09.009 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=973

How well can young people with Asperger's disorder recognize threat and learn about affect in faces?: A pilot study / Motohide MIYAHARA in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 4-2 (April-June 2010)  

Public ISBD [article]  inResearch in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 4-2 (April-June 2010) . - p.242-248 Titre : How well can young people with Asperger's disorder recognize threat and learn about affect in faces?: A pilot study Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Motohide MIYAHARA, Auteur ; Ted RUFFMAN, Auteur ; Chikako FUJITA, Auteur ; Masatsugu TSUJII, Auteur Année de publication : 2010 Article en page(s) : p.242-248 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Asperger's-syndrome Autism Emotion Face-perception Teaching Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The abilities to identify threat and learn about affect in facial photographs were compared between a non-autistic university student group (NUS), a matched Asperger's group (MAS) on the Standard Progressive Matrices (SPM), and an unmatched Asperger's group (UAS) who scored lower on the SPM. Participants were given pairs of faces and asked which person looked more dangerous. In addition, they engaged in explicit learning of the facial affect features. This study indicated (a) that the ability to identify threat in faces was intact in the MAS group, but poor in the UAS group; (b) a graded degree of performance in facial affect recognition (NUS > MAS > UAS); (c) that all groups improved their facial affect recognition after the brief explicit teaching intervention. This pilot study obtained first indications for the feasible assessment of the ability to distinguish threat in faces and potential remediation effects of the brief explicit teaching of facial emotions for young people with Asperger's disorder. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2009.09.010 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=974 [article] How well can young people with Asperger's disorder recognize threat and learn about affect in faces?: A pilot study [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Motohide MIYAHARA, Auteur ; Ted RUFFMAN, Auteur ; Chikako FUJITA, Auteur ; Masatsugu TSUJII, Auteur . - 2010 . - p.242-248. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 4-2 (April-June 2010) . - p.242-248 Mots-clés : Asperger's-syndrome Autism Emotion Face-perception Teaching Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The abilities to identify threat and learn about affect in facial photographs were compared between a non-autistic university student group (NUS), a matched Asperger's group (MAS) on the Standard Progressive Matrices (SPM), and an unmatched Asperger's group (UAS) who scored lower on the SPM. Participants were given pairs of faces and asked which person looked more dangerous. In addition, they engaged in explicit learning of the facial affect features. This study indicated (a) that the ability to identify threat in faces was intact in the MAS group, but poor in the UAS group; (b) a graded degree of performance in facial affect recognition (NUS > MAS > UAS); (c) that all groups improved their facial affect recognition after the brief explicit teaching intervention. This pilot study obtained first indications for the feasible assessment of the ability to distinguish threat in faces and potential remediation effects of the brief explicit teaching of facial emotions for young people with Asperger's disorder. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2009.09.010 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=974

Use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) treatments by parents of children with autism spectrum disorders / Lillian M. CHRISTON in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 4-2 (April-June 2010)  

Public ISBD [article]  inResearch in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 4-2 (April-June 2010) . - p.249-259 Titre : Use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) treatments by parents of children with autism spectrum disorders Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Lillian M. CHRISTON, Auteur ; Barbara J. MYERS, Auteur ; Virginia H. MACKINTOSH, Auteur Année de publication : 2010 Article en page(s) : p.249-259 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism Complementary Alternative Medicine Treatments Children Parent-report Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Parents of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) may elect to use complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) treatments with their children in place of, or in addition to, conventional treatments. CAM treatments are controversial and understudied and, for most, the efficacy has not been established. The current study (n = 248) examined reports (via an internet survey) from parents of children with an ASD, asking of CAM usage, recommendation sources, expectations, costs, parent-rated assessments of efficacy, and reasons for stopping use of CAMs. Over 70% had tried at least one CAM treatment with their child, and about half were currently using one or more CAMs. Parents entered treatment with high expectations, although they varied considerably in their assessment of whether CAMs helped their child. Odds ratios of parent-rated efficacy give small leaning toward improvement over non-improvement for CAM treatments. The findings highlight the need for methodologically sound research on CAM treatments. Also needed is dissemination about treatment efficacy to help parents and professionals make educated judgments regarding both CAM and routine interventions. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2009.09.013 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=974 [article] Use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) treatments by parents of children with autism spectrum disorders [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Lillian M. CHRISTON, Auteur ; Barbara J. MYERS, Auteur ; Virginia H. MACKINTOSH, Auteur . - 2010 . - p.249-259. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 4-2 (April-June 2010) . - p.249-259 Mots-clés : Autism Complementary Alternative Medicine Treatments Children Parent-report Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Parents of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) may elect to use complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) treatments with their children in place of, or in addition to, conventional treatments. CAM treatments are controversial and understudied and, for most, the efficacy has not been established. The current study (n = 248) examined reports (via an internet survey) from parents of children with an ASD, asking of CAM usage, recommendation sources, expectations, costs, parent-rated assessments of efficacy, and reasons for stopping use of CAMs. Over 70% had tried at least one CAM treatment with their child, and about half were currently using one or more CAMs. Parents entered treatment with high expectations, although they varied considerably in their assessment of whether CAMs helped their child. Odds ratios of parent-rated efficacy give small leaning toward improvement over non-improvement for CAM treatments. The findings highlight the need for methodologically sound research on CAM treatments. Also needed is dissemination about treatment efficacy to help parents and professionals make educated judgments regarding both CAM and routine interventions. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2009.09.013 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=974

Treatment of idiopathic toe-walking in children with autism using GaitSpot Auditory Speakers and simplified habit reversal / Ann MARCUS in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 4-2 (April-June 2010)  

Public ISBD [article]  inResearch in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 4-2 (April-June 2010) . - p.260-267 Titre : Treatment of idiopathic toe-walking in children with autism using GaitSpot Auditory Speakers and simplified habit reversal Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Ann MARCUS, Auteur ; Ian M. GREY, Auteur ; Brigit SINNOTT, Auteur ; Stephen BRADLEY, Auteur Année de publication : 2010 Article en page(s) : p.260-267 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Idiopathic-toe-walking Autism Treatment Applied-behaviour-analysis Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of a simplified habit reversal procedure (SHR) using differential reinforcement of incompatible behaviour (DRI) and a stimulus prompt (GaitSpot Auditory Squeakers) to reduce the frequency of idiopathic toe-walking (ITW) and increase the frequency of correct heel-to-toe-walking in three children with autism. The study involved a delayed multiple baseline changing criterion design across individuals. Firstly, a baseline phase was conducted to determine the number of intervals where ITW occurred. Secondly, the GaitSpot Auditory Squeakers were paired with reinforcers. Thirdly, children wore GaitSpot squeakers over the heels of their feet under their shoes for a small number of 10 min sessions and when weight was placed on their heel, a squeak was emitted which was subsequently reinforced. Fourthly, the length of time the children wore the GaitSpot Auditory Squeakers was extended. Finally, the GaitSpot Auditory Squeakers were faded out and tests for generalisation and maintenance of heel-to-toe walking were conducted. The intervention produced substantial reductions in ITW across all participants though degree of reduction differed. The role of SHR and additional modifications for the treatment of ITW are discussed. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2009.09.012 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=974 [article] Treatment of idiopathic toe-walking in children with autism using GaitSpot Auditory Speakers and simplified habit reversal [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Ann MARCUS, Auteur ; Ian M. GREY, Auteur ; Brigit SINNOTT, Auteur ; Stephen BRADLEY, Auteur . - 2010 . - p.260-267. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 4-2 (April-June 2010) . - p.260-267 Mots-clés : Idiopathic-toe-walking Autism Treatment Applied-behaviour-analysis Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of a simplified habit reversal procedure (SHR) using differential reinforcement of incompatible behaviour (DRI) and a stimulus prompt (GaitSpot Auditory Squeakers) to reduce the frequency of idiopathic toe-walking (ITW) and increase the frequency of correct heel-to-toe-walking in three children with autism. The study involved a delayed multiple baseline changing criterion design across individuals. Firstly, a baseline phase was conducted to determine the number of intervals where ITW occurred. Secondly, the GaitSpot Auditory Squeakers were paired with reinforcers. Thirdly, children wore GaitSpot squeakers over the heels of their feet under their shoes for a small number of 10 min sessions and when weight was placed on their heel, a squeak was emitted which was subsequently reinforced. Fourthly, the length of time the children wore the GaitSpot Auditory Squeakers was extended. Finally, the GaitSpot Auditory Squeakers were faded out and tests for generalisation and maintenance of heel-to-toe walking were conducted. The intervention produced substantial reductions in ITW across all participants though degree of reduction differed. The role of SHR and additional modifications for the treatment of ITW are discussed. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2009.09.012 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=974

Randomized trial of hyperbaric oxygen therapy for children with autism / Doreen GRANPEESHEH in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 4-2 (April-June 2010)  

Public ISBD [article]  inResearch in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 4-2 (April-June 2010) . - p.268-275 Titre : Randomized trial of hyperbaric oxygen therapy for children with autism Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Doreen GRANPEESHEH, Auteur ; Dennis R. DIXON, Auteur ; Jonathan TARBOX, Auteur ; Arthur E. WILKE, Auteur ; Michael S. ALLEN, Auteur ; James Jeffrey BRADSTREET, Auteur Année de publication : 2010 Article en page(s) : p.268-275 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism-Spectrum-Disorders Autism-Treatment Hyperbaric-oxygen-therapy Applied-behavior-analysis Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs) are characterized by the presence of impaired development in social interaction and communication and the presence of a restricted repertoire of activity and interests. While numerous treatments for ASDs have been proposed, very few have been subjected to rigorous scientific investigation. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) has been recently popularized as a treatment for the symptoms of ASDs. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that HBOT would have a beneficial effect on ASD symptoms in the context of a double-blind placebo-controlled trial. This randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial compared HBOT used to deliver 24% oxygen at 1.3 atmospheric pressure (n = 18) to placebo (n = 16) in children with Autistic Disorder. Both direct observational measures of behaviors symptomatic of autism and standardized psychological assessments were used to evaluate the effects of the treatment. No differences were detected between HBOT and placebo groups across any of the outcome measures. The present study demonstrates that HBOT delivered at 24% oxygen at 1.3 atmospheric pressure does not result in a clinically significant improvement of the symptoms of Autistic Disorder. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2009.09.014 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=974 [article] Randomized trial of hyperbaric oxygen therapy for children with autism [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Doreen GRANPEESHEH, Auteur ; Dennis R. DIXON, Auteur ; Jonathan TARBOX, Auteur ; Arthur E. WILKE, Auteur ; Michael S. ALLEN, Auteur ; James Jeffrey BRADSTREET, Auteur . - 2010 . - p.268-275. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 4-2 (April-June 2010) . - p.268-275 Mots-clés : Autism-Spectrum-Disorders Autism-Treatment Hyperbaric-oxygen-therapy Applied-behavior-analysis Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs) are characterized by the presence of impaired development in social interaction and communication and the presence of a restricted repertoire of activity and interests. While numerous treatments for ASDs have been proposed, very few have been subjected to rigorous scientific investigation. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) has been recently popularized as a treatment for the symptoms of ASDs. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that HBOT would have a beneficial effect on ASD symptoms in the context of a double-blind placebo-controlled trial. This randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial compared HBOT used to deliver 24% oxygen at 1.3 atmospheric pressure (n = 18) to placebo (n = 16) in children with Autistic Disorder. Both direct observational measures of behaviors symptomatic of autism and standardized psychological assessments were used to evaluate the effects of the treatment. No differences were detected between HBOT and placebo groups across any of the outcome measures. The present study demonstrates that HBOT delivered at 24% oxygen at 1.3 atmospheric pressure does not result in a clinically significant improvement of the symptoms of Autistic Disorder. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2009.09.014 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=974

Audiovisual integration in high functioning adults with autism / Brian P. KEANE in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 4-2 (April-June 2010)  

Public ISBD [article]  inResearch in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 4-2 (April-June 2010) . - p.276-289 Titre : Audiovisual integration in high functioning adults with autism Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Brian P. KEANE, Auteur ; Orna ROSENTHAL, Auteur ; Nicole H. CHUN, Auteur ; Ladan SHAMS, Auteur Année de publication : 2010 Article en page(s) : p.276-289 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Audiovisual-integration Multisensory-integration High-functioning-autism Speech-integration Crossmodal-dynamic-capture Sound-induced-flash-illusion Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism involves various perceptual benefits and deficits, but it is unclear if the disorder also involves anomalous audiovisual integration. To address this issue, we compared the performance of high-functioning adults with autism and matched controls on experiments investigating the audiovisual integration of speech, spatiotemporal relations, and temporal numerosity. In each experiment, performance for both groups was faster and more accurate when audiovisual information was congruent rather than incongruent. Importantly, audiovisual congruency did not affect the control group more than the autism group. These results suggest that the ability to integrate between the auditory and visual sense modalities is unimpaired among high-functioning adults with autism. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2009.09.015 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=974 [article] Audiovisual integration in high functioning adults with autism [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Brian P. KEANE, Auteur ; Orna ROSENTHAL, Auteur ; Nicole H. CHUN, Auteur ; Ladan SHAMS, Auteur . - 2010 . - p.276-289. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 4-2 (April-June 2010) . - p.276-289 Mots-clés : Audiovisual-integration Multisensory-integration High-functioning-autism Speech-integration Crossmodal-dynamic-capture Sound-induced-flash-illusion Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism involves various perceptual benefits and deficits, but it is unclear if the disorder also involves anomalous audiovisual integration. To address this issue, we compared the performance of high-functioning adults with autism and matched controls on experiments investigating the audiovisual integration of speech, spatiotemporal relations, and temporal numerosity. In each experiment, performance for both groups was faster and more accurate when audiovisual information was congruent rather than incongruent. Importantly, audiovisual congruency did not affect the control group more than the autism group. These results suggest that the ability to integrate between the auditory and visual sense modalities is unimpaired among high-functioning adults with autism. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2009.09.015 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=974

The effect of a script-fading procedure on responses to peer initiations among young children with autism / Alison M. WICHNICK in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 4-2 (April-June 2010)  

Public ISBD [article]  inResearch in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 4-2 (April-June 2010) . - p.290-299 Titre : The effect of a script-fading procedure on responses to peer initiations among young children with autism Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Alison M. WICHNICK, Auteur ; Claire L. POULSON, Auteur ; Susan M. VENER, Auteur ; Magdalena PYRTEK, Auteur Année de publication : 2010 Article en page(s) : p.290-299 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism Script-fading Novel-responses Peer-interactions Social-skills Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : A core deficit of people with autism is an inability to initiate and to sustain conversation with others. Several studies demonstrate the effectiveness of the script-fading procedure on improving the social initiation skills of people with autism. Nevertheless, there is little focus on responding to initiations. The purpose of this study was to use pre-recorded scripts to teach young children with autism to respond to each other's initiations. The three participants, ages 5 through 7 years, demonstrated deficits in peer interactions. In a study by Wichnick, Vener, Keating, and Poulson (2009), these participants were taught to initiate to one another, but they did not respond to each other's initiations. During the baseline condition of the current study, the participants emitted few, if any, responses to peer initiations. When scripts were introduced, responding to peer initiations increased systematically across the participants. Moreover, as scripts were faded, there was a systematic increase in the cumulative number of novel responses to peer initiations. These findings suggest that script fading can increase both the number of reciprocal peer social interactions, and the production of novel reciprocal interactions, emitted by young children with autism. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2009.09.016 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=974 [article] The effect of a script-fading procedure on responses to peer initiations among young children with autism [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Alison M. WICHNICK, Auteur ; Claire L. POULSON, Auteur ; Susan M. VENER, Auteur ; Magdalena PYRTEK, Auteur . - 2010 . - p.290-299. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 4-2 (April-June 2010) . - p.290-299 Mots-clés : Autism Script-fading Novel-responses Peer-interactions Social-skills Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : A core deficit of people with autism is an inability to initiate and to sustain conversation with others. Several studies demonstrate the effectiveness of the script-fading procedure on improving the social initiation skills of people with autism. Nevertheless, there is little focus on responding to initiations. The purpose of this study was to use pre-recorded scripts to teach young children with autism to respond to each other's initiations. The three participants, ages 5 through 7 years, demonstrated deficits in peer interactions. In a study by Wichnick, Vener, Keating, and Poulson (2009), these participants were taught to initiate to one another, but they did not respond to each other's initiations. During the baseline condition of the current study, the participants emitted few, if any, responses to peer initiations. When scripts were introduced, responding to peer initiations increased systematically across the participants. Moreover, as scripts were faded, there was a systematic increase in the cumulative number of novel responses to peer initiations. These findings suggest that script fading can increase both the number of reciprocal peer social interactions, and the production of novel reciprocal interactions, emitted by young children with autism. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2009.09.016 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=974

Comorbid psychopathology in infants and toddlers with autism and pervasive developmental disorders-not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS) / Johnny L. MATSON in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 4-2 (April-June 2010)  

Public ISBD [article]  inResearch in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 4-2 (April-June 2010) . - p.300-304 Titre : Comorbid psychopathology in infants and toddlers with autism and pervasive developmental disorders-not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS) Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Johnny L. MATSON, Auteur ; Jessica A. BOISJOLI, Auteur ; Julie HESS, Auteur Année de publication : 2010 Article en page(s) : p.300-304 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The purpose of this study was to investigate symptoms of comorbid disorders in infants and toddlers with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). Research is scant on symptoms of co-occurring mental health conditions in this very young population. Method: Three hundred and twenty four participants were included in this study. Participants were classified into one of three groups: Autistic Disorder, Pervasive Developmental Disorder-Not Otherwise Specified, and control. A Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) was utilized to assess group differences on the six subscales of the Baby and Infant Screen for Children with aUtIsm Traits-Part 2 (BISCUIT-Part 2). Results: The MANOVA revealed a significant main effect for group. Follow-up analyses showed that all subscales contributed to the significant main effect of the MANOVA. Discussion: The results of the analyses in this study are consistent with the current literature on older children and adults with ASDs. Implications of early identification of comorbid disorders are discussed. Further research on the mental health of infants and toddler with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) is warranted. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2009.10.001 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=974 [article] Comorbid psychopathology in infants and toddlers with autism and pervasive developmental disorders-not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS) [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Johnny L. MATSON, Auteur ; Jessica A. BOISJOLI, Auteur ; Julie HESS, Auteur . - 2010 . - p.300-304. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 4-2 (April-June 2010) . - p.300-304 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The purpose of this study was to investigate symptoms of comorbid disorders in infants and toddlers with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). Research is scant on symptoms of co-occurring mental health conditions in this very young population. Method: Three hundred and twenty four participants were included in this study. Participants were classified into one of three groups: Autistic Disorder, Pervasive Developmental Disorder-Not Otherwise Specified, and control. A Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) was utilized to assess group differences on the six subscales of the Baby and Infant Screen for Children with aUtIsm Traits-Part 2 (BISCUIT-Part 2). Results: The MANOVA revealed a significant main effect for group. Follow-up analyses showed that all subscales contributed to the significant main effect of the MANOVA. Discussion: The results of the analyses in this study are consistent with the current literature on older children and adults with ASDs. Implications of early identification of comorbid disorders are discussed. Further research on the mental health of infants and toddler with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) is warranted. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2009.10.001 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=974

Anxiety and avoidance in infants and toddlers with autism spectrum disorders: Evidence for differing symptom severity and presentation / Thompson E. III DAVIS in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 4-2 (April-June 2010)  

Public ISBD [article]  inResearch in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 4-2 (April-June 2010) . - p.305-313 Titre : Anxiety and avoidance in infants and toddlers with autism spectrum disorders: Evidence for differing symptom severity and presentation Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Thompson E. III DAVIS, Auteur ; Johnny L. MATSON, Auteur ; Jill C. FODSTAD, Auteur ; Timothy DEMPSEY, Auteur ; Julie HESS, Auteur ; Whitney S. JENKINS, Auteur ; Brittany N. MOREE, Auteur Année de publication : 2010 Article en page(s) : p.305-313 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism-spectrum-disorders Anxiety Toddler Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Little is known about the symptoms of anxiety in very young children with autism spectrum disorders, particularly comparisons between Autistic Disorder (AD) and Pervasive Developmental Disorder-Not Otherwise Specified (PDD-NOS). In the current study, toddlers (i.e., 17–37 months of age) with diagnoses of either AD (N = 159) or PDD-NOS (N = 154) were compared to atypically developing toddlers who did not meet criteria for an autism spectrum disorder (N = 200). Results indicated an overall pattern whereby toddlers with AD had more severe anxious and avoidant symptoms than either toddlers with PDD-NOS or controls. Further, toddlers with PDD-NOS were significantly more severe than controls. Additional analyses examining specific differences between the groups on anxious and avoidant items were conducted as well. Overall, toddlers with AD appear to have more severe anxiety than either those with PDD-NOS or controls, who did not differ on many items. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2009.10.002 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=974 [article] Anxiety and avoidance in infants and toddlers with autism spectrum disorders: Evidence for differing symptom severity and presentation [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Thompson E. III DAVIS, Auteur ; Johnny L. MATSON, Auteur ; Jill C. FODSTAD, Auteur ; Timothy DEMPSEY, Auteur ; Julie HESS, Auteur ; Whitney S. JENKINS, Auteur ; Brittany N. MOREE, Auteur . - 2010 . - p.305-313. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 4-2 (April-June 2010) . - p.305-313 Mots-clés : Autism-spectrum-disorders Anxiety Toddler Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Little is known about the symptoms of anxiety in very young children with autism spectrum disorders, particularly comparisons between Autistic Disorder (AD) and Pervasive Developmental Disorder-Not Otherwise Specified (PDD-NOS). In the current study, toddlers (i.e., 17–37 months of age) with diagnoses of either AD (N = 159) or PDD-NOS (N = 154) were compared to atypically developing toddlers who did not meet criteria for an autism spectrum disorder (N = 200). Results indicated an overall pattern whereby toddlers with AD had more severe anxious and avoidant symptoms than either toddlers with PDD-NOS or controls. Further, toddlers with PDD-NOS were significantly more severe than controls. Additional analyses examining specific differences between the groups on anxious and avoidant items were conducted as well. Overall, toddlers with AD appear to have more severe anxiety than either those with PDD-NOS or controls, who did not differ on many items. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2009.10.002 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=974

Cell phone use by adolescents with Asperger Syndrome / Kevin DURKIN in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 4-2 (April-June 2010)  

Public ISBD [article]  inResearch in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 4-2 (April-June 2010) . - p.314-318 Titre : Cell phone use by adolescents with Asperger Syndrome Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Kevin DURKIN, Auteur ; Andrew J. O. WHITEHOUSE, Auteur ; Emma JAQUET, Auteur ; Kathy ZIATAS, Auteur ; Allan J. WALKER, Auteur Année de publication : 2010 Article en page(s) : p.314-318 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Asperger-Syndrome Adolescents Cell-phones Games Peer-communications Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : While young people have generally been at the forefront of the adoption and use of new communications technologies, little is known of uses by exceptional youth. This study compares cell phone use by a group of adolescents with Asperger Syndrome (n = 35) with that by a group of adolescents with typical development (n = 35). People with Asperger Syndrome tend to have limited ability to take part in reciprocal communication and weaker social motivation. We predicted that this group would be less likely to have access to cell phones and, if they did have them, would be less likely to use them for talking to peers and more likely to use non-communicative features, such as games. These predictions received strong support. The findings have implications for theoretical accounts of new media use by the young, for our knowledge of the lives of individuals with AS, and for caregivers of children with exceptional conditions. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2009.09.017 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=974 [article] Cell phone use by adolescents with Asperger Syndrome [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Kevin DURKIN, Auteur ; Andrew J. O. WHITEHOUSE, Auteur ; Emma JAQUET, Auteur ; Kathy ZIATAS, Auteur ; Allan J. WALKER, Auteur . - 2010 . - p.314-318. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 4-2 (April-June 2010) . - p.314-318 Mots-clés : Asperger-Syndrome Adolescents Cell-phones Games Peer-communications Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : While young people have generally been at the forefront of the adoption and use of new communications technologies, little is known of uses by exceptional youth. This study compares cell phone use by a group of adolescents with Asperger Syndrome (n = 35) with that by a group of adolescents with typical development (n = 35). People with Asperger Syndrome tend to have limited ability to take part in reciprocal communication and weaker social motivation. We predicted that this group would be less likely to have access to cell phones and, if they did have them, would be less likely to use them for talking to peers and more likely to use non-communicative features, such as games. These predictions received strong support. The findings have implications for theoretical accounts of new media use by the young, for our knowledge of the lives of individuals with AS, and for caregivers of children with exceptional conditions. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2009.09.017 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=974