Brief Report: Aggression and Stereotypic Behavior in Males with Fragile X Syndrome—Moderating Secondary Genes in a “Single Gene” Disorder / David HESSL in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 38-1 (January 2008)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 38-1 (January 2008) . - p.184-189 Titre : Brief Report: Aggression and Stereotypic Behavior in Males with Fragile X Syndrome—Moderating Secondary Genes in a “Single Gene” Disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : David HESSL, Auteur ; Randi J. HAGERMAN, Auteur ; Flora TASSONE, Auteur ; Lisa CORDEIRO, Auteur ; Kami KOLDEWYN, Auteur ; Carolyn MCCORMICK, Auteur ; Cherie C. GREEN, Auteur ; Jacob WEGELIN, Auteur ; Jennifer YUHAS, Auteur Année de publication : 2008 Article en page(s) : p.184-189 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Serotonin-transporter Monoamine-oxidase-A Polymorphism 5-HTTLPR - MAOA -FMR1-gene Self-injurious-behavior Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Although fragile X syndrome (FXS) is a single gene disorder with a well-described phenotype, it is not known why some individuals develop more significant maladaptive behaviors such as aggression or autistic symptoms. Here, we studied two candidate genes known to affect mood and aggression, the serotonin transporter (5-HTTLPR) and monoamine oxidase A (MAOA-VNTR) polymorphisms, in 50 males with FXS ages 8–24 years. Mothers and fathers of participants reported the frequency and severity of aggressive/destructive, self-injurious, and stereotypic behaviors. Polymorphism genotypes were unrelated to age and IQ. Results showed a significant effect of 5-HTTLPR genotype on aggressive/destructive and stereotypic behavior; males with FXS who were homozygous for the high-transcribing long (L/L) genotype had the most aggressive and destructive behavior, and individuals homozygous for the short (S/S) genotype had the least aggression. Those with the L/L genotype also had the highest levels of stereotypic behavior. There was no effect of MAOA-VNTR on behavior; however those with the high-activity, 4-repeat genotype were more likely to be taking SSRI or SNRI medication. This preliminary study prompts consideration of secondary genes that may modify behavioral phenotype expression in neurodevelopmental disorders, even those with a single gene etiology such as FXS. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-007-0365-5 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=317 [article] Brief Report: Aggression and Stereotypic Behavior in Males with Fragile X Syndrome—Moderating Secondary Genes in a “Single Gene” Disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / David HESSL, Auteur ; Randi J. HAGERMAN, Auteur ; Flora TASSONE, Auteur ; Lisa CORDEIRO, Auteur ; Kami KOLDEWYN, Auteur ; Carolyn MCCORMICK, Auteur ; Cherie C. GREEN, Auteur ; Jacob WEGELIN, Auteur ; Jennifer YUHAS, Auteur . - 2008 . - p.184-189. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 38-1 (January 2008) . - p.184-189 Mots-clés : Serotonin-transporter Monoamine-oxidase-A Polymorphism 5-HTTLPR - MAOA -FMR1-gene Self-injurious-behavior Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Although fragile X syndrome (FXS) is a single gene disorder with a well-described phenotype, it is not known why some individuals develop more significant maladaptive behaviors such as aggression or autistic symptoms. Here, we studied two candidate genes known to affect mood and aggression, the serotonin transporter (5-HTTLPR) and monoamine oxidase A (MAOA-VNTR) polymorphisms, in 50 males with FXS ages 8–24 years. Mothers and fathers of participants reported the frequency and severity of aggressive/destructive, self-injurious, and stereotypic behaviors. Polymorphism genotypes were unrelated to age and IQ. Results showed a significant effect of 5-HTTLPR genotype on aggressive/destructive and stereotypic behavior; males with FXS who were homozygous for the high-transcribing long (L/L) genotype had the most aggressive and destructive behavior, and individuals homozygous for the short (S/S) genotype had the least aggression. Those with the L/L genotype also had the highest levels of stereotypic behavior. There was no effect of MAOA-VNTR on behavior; however those with the high-activity, 4-repeat genotype were more likely to be taking SSRI or SNRI medication. This preliminary study prompts consideration of secondary genes that may modify behavioral phenotype expression in neurodevelopmental disorders, even those with a single gene etiology such as FXS. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-007-0365-5 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=317

Global/Local Processing in Autism: Not a Disability, but a Disinclination / Kami KOLDEWYN in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 43-10 (October 2013)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 43-10 (October 2013) . - p.2329-2340 Titre : Global/Local Processing in Autism: Not a Disability, but a Disinclination Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Kami KOLDEWYN, Auteur ; Yuhong V. JIANG, Auteur ; Sarah WEIGELT, Auteur ; Nancy KANWISHER, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.2329-2340 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder  Global/local processing  Global attention  Cognitive development Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : It is widely suggested that ASD is characterized by atypical local/global processing, but the published findings are contradictory. In an effort to resolve this question, we tested a large group of children on both a free-choice task and an instructed task using hierarchical local–global stimuli. We find that although children with autism showed a reduced preference to report global properties of a stimulus when given a choice, their ability to process global properties when instructed to do so is unimpaired. These findings support prior claims that people with ASD show a disinclination, not a disability, in global processing, and highlight the broader question of whether other characteristics of autism may also reflect disinclinations rather than disabilities. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-013-1777-z Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=215 [article] Global/Local Processing in Autism: Not a Disability, but a Disinclination [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Kami KOLDEWYN, Auteur ; Yuhong V. JIANG, Auteur ; Sarah WEIGELT, Auteur ; Nancy KANWISHER, Auteur . - p.2329-2340. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 43-10 (October 2013) . - p.2329-2340 Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder  Global/local processing  Global attention  Cognitive development Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : It is widely suggested that ASD is characterized by atypical local/global processing, but the published findings are contradictory. In an effort to resolve this question, we tested a large group of children on both a free-choice task and an instructed task using hierarchical local–global stimuli. We find that although children with autism showed a reduced preference to report global properties of a stimulus when given a choice, their ability to process global properties when instructed to do so is unimpaired. These findings support prior claims that people with ASD show a disinclination, not a disability, in global processing, and highlight the broader question of whether other characteristics of autism may also reflect disinclinations rather than disabilities. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-013-1777-z Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=215

Multiple Object Tracking in Autism Spectrum Disorders / Kami KOLDEWYN in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 43-6 (June 2013)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 43-6 (June 2013) . - p.1394-1405 Titre : Multiple Object Tracking in Autism Spectrum Disorders Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Kami KOLDEWYN, Auteur ; Sarah WEIGELT, Auteur ; Nancy KANWISHER, Auteur ; Yuhong V. JIANG, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1394-1405 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder  Multiple object tracking  Dynamic attention  Spatial attention  Cognitive development Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Difficulties in visual attention are often implicated in autism spectrum disorders (ASD) but it remains unclear which aspects of attention are affected. Here, we used a multiple object tracking (MOT) task to quantitatively characterize dynamic attentional function in children with ASD aged 5–12. While the ASD group performed significantly worse overall, the group difference did not increase with increased object speed. This finding suggests that decreased MOT performance is not due to deficits in dynamic attention but instead to a diminished capacity to select and maintain attention on multiple targets. Further, MOT performance improved from 5 to 10 years in both typical and ASD groups with similar developmental trajectories. These results argue against a specific deficit in dynamic attention in ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-012-1694-6 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=201 [article] Multiple Object Tracking in Autism Spectrum Disorders [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Kami KOLDEWYN, Auteur ; Sarah WEIGELT, Auteur ; Nancy KANWISHER, Auteur ; Yuhong V. JIANG, Auteur . - p.1394-1405. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 43-6 (June 2013) . - p.1394-1405 Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder  Multiple object tracking  Dynamic attention  Spatial attention  Cognitive development Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Difficulties in visual attention are often implicated in autism spectrum disorders (ASD) but it remains unclear which aspects of attention are affected. Here, we used a multiple object tracking (MOT) task to quantitatively characterize dynamic attentional function in children with ASD aged 5–12. While the ASD group performed significantly worse overall, the group difference did not increase with increased object speed. This finding suggests that decreased MOT performance is not due to deficits in dynamic attention but instead to a diminished capacity to select and maintain attention on multiple targets. Further, MOT performance improved from 5 to 10 years in both typical and ASD groups with similar developmental trajectories. These results argue against a specific deficit in dynamic attention in ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-012-1694-6 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=201

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