Dépouillements

Editorial / Fred R. VOLKMAR in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 41-1 (January 2000)

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 41-1 (January 2000) . - p.1 Titre : Editorial Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Fred R. VOLKMAR, Auteur Année de publication : 2000 Article en page(s) : p.1 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=125 [article] Editorial [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Fred R. VOLKMAR, Auteur . - 2000 . - p.1. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 41-1 (January 2000) . - p.1 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=125

Behavioural Neuroscience and Child Psychopathology: Insights from Model Systems / David H. SKUSE in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 41-1 (January 2000)

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 41-1 (January 2000) . - p.3-31 Titre : Behavioural Neuroscience and Child Psychopathology: Insights from Model Systems Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : David H. SKUSE, Auteur Année de publication : 2000 Article en page(s) : p.3-31 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Behavioural neuroscience  neurogenetics  model systems  Drosophila melanogaster  Caenorhabditis elegans  laboratory mouse Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : We have just emerged from “the Decade of the Brain”, yet in so many ways it was the “Decade of the Genome”. What relevance does the remarkable advance in knowledge in genetics and neuroscience over that period have to our understanding of child psychopathology? When the complexity of the genetic systems involved in behavioural regulation of relatively simple organisms such as the nematode worm Caenorhabditis elegans or the fruitfly Drosophila melanogaster is considered, the possibility of comprehending the links from genes to behaviour in the developing child seems remote. Yet, the principles of investigation in model systems are not so different to those that should apply in humans. This review draws out the parallels, and introduces recent findings from behavioural studies of C. elegans, D. melanogaster, and the laboratory mouse, as well as humans, to illustrate the point. Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=125 [article] Behavioural Neuroscience and Child Psychopathology: Insights from Model Systems [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / David H. SKUSE, Auteur . - 2000 . - p.3-31. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 41-1 (January 2000) . - p.3-31 Mots-clés : Behavioural neuroscience  neurogenetics  model systems  Drosophila melanogaster  Caenorhabditis elegans  laboratory mouse Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : We have just emerged from “the Decade of the Brain”, yet in so many ways it was the “Decade of the Genome”. What relevance does the remarkable advance in knowledge in genetics and neuroscience over that period have to our understanding of child psychopathology? When the complexity of the genetic systems involved in behavioural regulation of relatively simple organisms such as the nematode worm Caenorhabditis elegans or the fruitfly Drosophila melanogaster is considered, the possibility of comprehending the links from genes to behaviour in the developing child seems remote. Yet, the principles of investigation in model systems are not so different to those that should apply in humans. This review draws out the parallels, and introduces recent findings from behavioural studies of C. elegans, D. melanogaster, and the laboratory mouse, as well as humans, to illustrate the point. Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=125

Children's Language Learning: An Interactionist Perspective / Robin S. CHAPMAN in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 41-1 (January 2000)

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 41-1 (January 2000) . - p.33-54 Titre : Children's Language Learning: An Interactionist Perspective Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Robin S. CHAPMAN, Auteur Année de publication : 2000 Article en page(s) : p.33-54 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Child development  comprehension  language  language disorder  learning  communication  environmental influences  genetics  normal development Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This review of children's language learning considers historical accounts of acquisition and individual variation, recent advances in methods for studying language learning, research on genetic and environmental input that have contributed to the interactionist perspective, and the relevance of cross-disciplinary work on language disorders and the biology of learning to future theories. It concludes that the study of children's language development is converging on an interactionist perspective of how children learn to talk, incorporating the contributions of both nature and nurture to emergent, functional language systems. Language learning is viewed as an integration of learning in multiple domains. Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=125 [article] Children's Language Learning: An Interactionist Perspective [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Robin S. CHAPMAN, Auteur . - 2000 . - p.33-54. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 41-1 (January 2000) . - p.33-54 Mots-clés : Child development  comprehension  language  language disorder  learning  communication  environmental influences  genetics  normal development Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This review of children's language learning considers historical accounts of acquisition and individual variation, recent advances in methods for studying language learning, research on genetic and environmental input that have contributed to the interactionist perspective, and the relevance of cross-disciplinary work on language disorders and the biology of learning to future theories. It concludes that the study of children's language development is converging on an interactionist perspective of how children learn to talk, incorporating the contributions of both nature and nurture to emergent, functional language systems. Language learning is viewed as an integration of learning in multiple domains. Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=125

Substance Abuse in Young People / Eilish GILVARRY in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 41-1 (January 2000)

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 41-1 (January 2000) . - p.55-80 Titre : Substance Abuse in Young People Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Eilish GILVARRY, Auteur Année de publication : 2000 Article en page(s) : p.55-80 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adolescence  alcohol abuse  intervention  mental health  prevention  substance use Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Adolescent substance abuse, with its heterogeneity, its complexity and its association with behavioural, physical and mental health problems is of increasing interest to many; the politician, the economist, clinicians and researchers, families and young people themselves. Data concerning the prevalence and trends in use of a range of substances in different countries, cultures and different groups are reviewed. The influence of associated mental and physical health problems, the multiple definitions applied to use and abuse and the confounding effect of different ideologies and cultural differences are considered. There is now much interest in the understanding of risk and protective influences, including multi focused prevention programmes among vulnerable young people. Some positive effects of universal prevention programmes are reported, although too often they lack thoroughness in programme implementation, data collection and follow up. Indeed compared to the adult addiction literature there is a death of research on adolescent treatment outcomes. Research needs to address treatment and cost effectiveness in different settings with different groups. The evidence tends to support multi faceted interventions for high risk youths. However, the use of evidence based programmes with a scientific basis should be supported and implemented. Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=125 [article] Substance Abuse in Young People [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Eilish GILVARRY, Auteur . - 2000 . - p.55-80. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 41-1 (January 2000) . - p.55-80 Mots-clés : Adolescence  alcohol abuse  intervention  mental health  prevention  substance use Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Adolescent substance abuse, with its heterogeneity, its complexity and its association with behavioural, physical and mental health problems is of increasing interest to many; the politician, the economist, clinicians and researchers, families and young people themselves. Data concerning the prevalence and trends in use of a range of substances in different countries, cultures and different groups are reviewed. The influence of associated mental and physical health problems, the multiple definitions applied to use and abuse and the confounding effect of different ideologies and cultural differences are considered. There is now much interest in the understanding of risk and protective influences, including multi focused prevention programmes among vulnerable young people. Some positive effects of universal prevention programmes are reported, although too often they lack thoroughness in programme implementation, data collection and follow up. Indeed compared to the adult addiction literature there is a death of research on adolescent treatment outcomes. Research needs to address treatment and cost effectiveness in different settings with different groups. The evidence tends to support multi faceted interventions for high risk youths. However, the use of evidence based programmes with a scientific basis should be supported and implemented. Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=125

Children and Adolescents Living with HIV and AIDS: A Review / Larry K. BROWN in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 41-1 (January 2000)

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 41-1 (January 2000) . - p.81-96 Titre : Children and Adolescents Living with HIV and AIDS: A Review Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Larry K. BROWN, Auteur ; Kevin J. LOURIE, Auteur ; Maryland PAO, Auteur Année de publication : 2000 Article en page(s) : p.81-96 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Pediatric  HIV  AIDS  consultation-liaison Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Worldwide, more than one million children are infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and in the United States it has become the sixth leading cause of death among 15–24-year-olds. Despite the trend of increasing rates of infection, advances in therapies have led to survival past 5 years of age for more than 65% of infected children. This global health threat will therefore continue to have a significant impact on child and adolescent psychiatry and psychology. This paper reviews current studies and reports on the consequences of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) epidemic in the psychiatric care and development of children and adolescents infected by HIV. From a search of all the English-language-based literature on pediatric AIDS, 140 studies are reviewed which address HIV infection and its psychological and social implications. Several topics of mental health significance are examined: (1) the epidemiology of HIV, (2) neurocognitive development among those infected, (3) psychological impact of infection, and (4) the family and social context of HIV. The transition of HIV from an acute, lethal disease to a subacute, chronic disease has enormous implications for the neurocognitive and psychosocial development of children and families. As children and adolescents infected with HIV continue to live longer, normal developmental milestones and educational needs will take on new significance. Many children will continue to be adversely impacted by non-HIV factors such as poverty, inadequate medical services, and a lack of social support. This review outlines recent developments that hold promise to effectively reduce the treatment burden on the infected, their families, and health care providers and to decrease the incidence of transmission to the uninfected. Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=125 [article] Children and Adolescents Living with HIV and AIDS: A Review [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Larry K. BROWN, Auteur ; Kevin J. LOURIE, Auteur ; Maryland PAO, Auteur . - 2000 . - p.81-96. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 41-1 (January 2000) . - p.81-96 Mots-clés : Pediatric  HIV  AIDS  consultation-liaison Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Worldwide, more than one million children are infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and in the United States it has become the sixth leading cause of death among 15–24-year-olds. Despite the trend of increasing rates of infection, advances in therapies have led to survival past 5 years of age for more than 65% of infected children. This global health threat will therefore continue to have a significant impact on child and adolescent psychiatry and psychology. This paper reviews current studies and reports on the consequences of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) epidemic in the psychiatric care and development of children and adolescents infected by HIV. From a search of all the English-language-based literature on pediatric AIDS, 140 studies are reviewed which address HIV infection and its psychological and social implications. Several topics of mental health significance are examined: (1) the epidemiology of HIV, (2) neurocognitive development among those infected, (3) psychological impact of infection, and (4) the family and social context of HIV. The transition of HIV from an acute, lethal disease to a subacute, chronic disease has enormous implications for the neurocognitive and psychosocial development of children and families. As children and adolescents infected with HIV continue to live longer, normal developmental milestones and educational needs will take on new significance. Many children will continue to be adversely impacted by non-HIV factors such as poverty, inadequate medical services, and a lack of social support. This review outlines recent developments that hold promise to effectively reduce the treatment burden on the infected, their families, and health care providers and to decrease the incidence of transmission to the uninfected. Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=125

Child Abuse and Neglect and the Brain—A Review / Danya GLASER in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 41-1 (January 2000)

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 41-1 (January 2000) . - p.97-116 Titre : Child Abuse and Neglect and the Brain—A Review Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Danya GLASER, Auteur Année de publication : 2000 Article en page(s) : p.97-116 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Attachment  brain development  child abuse  neglect  neurobiology  stress Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Developmental psychology and the study of behaviour and emotion have tended to be considered in parallel to the study of neurobiological processes. This review explores the effects of child abuse and neglect on the brain, excluding nonaccidental injury that causes gross physical trauma to the brain. It commences with a background summary of the nature, context, and some deleterious effects of omission and commission within child maltreatment. There is no post-maltreatment syndrome, outcomes varying with many factors including nature, duration, and interpersonal context of the maltreatment as well as the nature of later intervention. There then follows a section on environmental influences on brain development, demonstrating the dependence of the orderly process of neurodevelopment on the child's environment. Ontogenesis, or the development of the self through self-determination, proceeds in the context of the nature-nurture interaction. As a prelude to reviewing the neurobiology of child abuse and neglect, the next section is concerned with bridging the mind and the brain. Here, neurobiological processes, including cellular, biochemical, and neurophysiological processes, are examined alongside their behavioural, cognitive, and emotional equivalents and vice versa. Child maltreatment is a potent source of stress and the stress response is therefore discussed in some detail. Evidence is outlined for the buffering effects of a secure attachment on the stress response. The section dealing with actual effects on the brain of child abuse and neglect discusses manifestations of the stress response including dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, and parasympathetic and catecholamine responses. Recent evidence about reduction in brain volume following child abuse and neglect is also outlined. Some biochemical, functional, and structural changes in the brain that are not reflections of the stress response are observed following child maltreatment. The mechanisms bringing about these changes are less clearly understood and may well be related to early and more chronic abuse and neglect affecting the process of brain development. The behavioural and emotional concomitants of their neurobiological manifestations are discussed. The importance of early intervention and attention to the chronicity of environmental adversity may indicate the need for permanent alternative caregivers, in order to preserve the development of the most vulnerable children. Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=125 [article] Child Abuse and Neglect and the Brain—A Review [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Danya GLASER, Auteur . - 2000 . - p.97-116. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 41-1 (January 2000) . - p.97-116 Mots-clés : Attachment  brain development  child abuse  neglect  neurobiology  stress Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Developmental psychology and the study of behaviour and emotion have tended to be considered in parallel to the study of neurobiological processes. This review explores the effects of child abuse and neglect on the brain, excluding nonaccidental injury that causes gross physical trauma to the brain. It commences with a background summary of the nature, context, and some deleterious effects of omission and commission within child maltreatment. There is no post-maltreatment syndrome, outcomes varying with many factors including nature, duration, and interpersonal context of the maltreatment as well as the nature of later intervention. There then follows a section on environmental influences on brain development, demonstrating the dependence of the orderly process of neurodevelopment on the child's environment. Ontogenesis, or the development of the self through self-determination, proceeds in the context of the nature-nurture interaction. As a prelude to reviewing the neurobiology of child abuse and neglect, the next section is concerned with bridging the mind and the brain. Here, neurobiological processes, including cellular, biochemical, and neurophysiological processes, are examined alongside their behavioural, cognitive, and emotional equivalents and vice versa. Child maltreatment is a potent source of stress and the stress response is therefore discussed in some detail. Evidence is outlined for the buffering effects of a secure attachment on the stress response. The section dealing with actual effects on the brain of child abuse and neglect discusses manifestations of the stress response including dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, and parasympathetic and catecholamine responses. Recent evidence about reduction in brain volume following child abuse and neglect is also outlined. Some biochemical, functional, and structural changes in the brain that are not reflections of the stress response are observed following child maltreatment. The mechanisms bringing about these changes are less clearly understood and may well be related to early and more chronic abuse and neglect affecting the process of brain development. The behavioural and emotional concomitants of their neurobiological manifestations are discussed. The importance of early intervention and attention to the chronicity of environmental adversity may indicate the need for permanent alternative caregivers, in order to preserve the development of the most vulnerable children. Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=125

Recent Advances in the Assessment of Intelligence and Cognition / Sara S. SPARROW in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 41-1 (January 2000)

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 41-1 (January 2000) . - p.117-131 Titre : Recent Advances in the Assessment of Intelligence and Cognition Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Sara S. SPARROW, Auteur ; Stephanie M. DAVIS, Auteur Année de publication : 2000 Article en page(s) : p.117-131 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Intelligence  cognition  assessment Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : In this paper, we review current issues in cognitive assessment. After addressing important definitional and theoretical issues, we discuss some recently developed cognitive assessment instruments as well as some recently revised instruments. Tests that are scheduled for revision will also be mentioned. As most readers are generally familiar with the widely used and nationally standardized IQ tests, we will summarize these tests according to their general usage. The testing of intelligence has been a major focus and contribution since the early days of Psychology, when the birthplace of the intelligence testing movement began in France with the work of Alfred Binet toward the end of the 19th century. Many of the most widely known and used IQ tests have been developed in the U.S.A. and are used internationally. In addition, other IQ tests have been developed in many other countries outside the U.S.A. The use of IQ tests and selected assessment considerations will be reviewed. Finally, we make some predictions about the future role of cognitive assessment in the coming century. Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=125 [article] Recent Advances in the Assessment of Intelligence and Cognition [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Sara S. SPARROW, Auteur ; Stephanie M. DAVIS, Auteur . - 2000 . - p.117-131. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 41-1 (January 2000) . - p.117-131 Mots-clés : Intelligence  cognition  assessment Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : In this paper, we review current issues in cognitive assessment. After addressing important definitional and theoretical issues, we discuss some recently developed cognitive assessment instruments as well as some recently revised instruments. Tests that are scheduled for revision will also be mentioned. As most readers are generally familiar with the widely used and nationally standardized IQ tests, we will summarize these tests according to their general usage. The testing of intelligence has been a major focus and contribution since the early days of Psychology, when the birthplace of the intelligence testing movement began in France with the work of Alfred Binet toward the end of the 19th century. Many of the most widely known and used IQ tests have been developed in the U.S.A. and are used internationally. In addition, other IQ tests have been developed in many other countries outside the U.S.A. The use of IQ tests and selected assessment considerations will be reviewed. Finally, we make some predictions about the future role of cognitive assessment in the coming century. Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=125

Book Reviews in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 41-1 (January 2000)

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 41-1 (January 2000) . - p.133-136 Titre : Book Reviews Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Année de publication : 2000 Article en page(s) : p.133-136 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Intelligence  cognition  assessment Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Books Reviewed: K. Geldard and D. Geldard, Counselling Adolescents. S. Sharp and H. Cowie, Counselling and Supporting Children in Distress. C. Barter, Protecting Children from Racism and Racial Abuse: A Research Review. R. Ekins and R. Freeman, Selected Writings: Anna Freud. D. Black, J. Harris Hendriks, and S. Wolkind Child Psychology and the Law (3rd ed.). P. Trickett and C. Schellenbach, Violence against Children in the Family and the Community. M. Larochelle, N. Bednarz, and J. Garrison, Constructivism and Education. Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=125 [article] Book Reviews [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] . - 2000 . - p.133-136. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 41-1 (January 2000) . - p.133-136 Mots-clés : Intelligence  cognition  assessment Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Books Reviewed: K. Geldard and D. Geldard, Counselling Adolescents. S. Sharp and H. Cowie, Counselling and Supporting Children in Distress. C. Barter, Protecting Children from Racism and Racial Abuse: A Research Review. R. Ekins and R. Freeman, Selected Writings: Anna Freud. D. Black, J. Harris Hendriks, and S. Wolkind Child Psychology and the Law (3rd ed.). P. Trickett and C. Schellenbach, Violence against Children in the Family and the Community. M. Larochelle, N. Bednarz, and J. Garrison, Constructivism and Education. Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=125