Brain morphology, autistic traits, and polygenic risk for autism: A population-based neuroimaging study / Silvia ALEMANY in Autism Research, 14-10 (October 2021)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 14-10 (October 2021) . - p.2085-2099 Titre : Brain morphology, autistic traits, and polygenic risk for autism: A population-based neuroimaging study Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Silvia ALEMANY, Auteur ; E. BLOK, Auteur ; P. R. JANSEN, Auteur ; R. L. MUETZEL, Auteur ; T. WHITE, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.2085-2099 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism Spectrum Disorder/diagnostic imaging/genetics  Autistic Disorder/diagnostic imaging/genetics  Brain/diagnostic imaging  Child  Humans  Magnetic Resonance Imaging  Neuroimaging  autism  cortical thickness  genetics  gyrification  surface area Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are associated with widespread brain alterations. Previous research in our group linked autistic traits with altered gyrification, but without pronounced differences in cortical thickness. Herein, we aim to replicate and extend these findings using a larger and older sample. Additionally, we examined whether (a) brain correlates of autistic traits were associated with polygenic risk scores (PRS) for ASD, and (b) autistic traits are related with brain morphological changes over time in a subset of children with longitudinal data available. The sample included 2400 children from the Generation R cohort. Autistic traits were measured using the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS) at age 6?years. Gyrification, cortical thickness, surface area, and global morphological measures were obtained from high-resolution structural MRI scans at ages 9-to-12?years. We performed multiple linear regression analyses on a vertex-wise level. Corresponding regions of interest were tested for association with PRS. Results showed that autistic traits were related to (a) lower gyrification in the lateral occipital and the superior and inferior parietal lobes, (b) lower cortical thickness in the superior frontal region, and (c) lower surface area in inferior temporal and rostral middle frontal regions. PRS for ASD and longitudinal analyses showed significant associations that did not survive correction for multiple testing. Our findings support stability in the relationship between higher autistic symptoms and lower gyrification and smaller surface areas in school-aged children. These relationships remained when excluding ASD cases, providing neurobiological evidence for the extension of autistic traits into the general population. LAY SUMMARY: We found that school-aged children with higher levels of autistic traits had smaller total brain volume, cerebellum, cortical thickness, and surface area. Further, we also found differences in the folding patterns of the brain (gyrification). Overall, genetic susceptibility for autism spectrum disorders was not related to these brain regions suggesting that other factors could be involved in their origin. These results remained significant when excluding children with a diagnosis of ASD, providing support for the extension of the relationship between autistic traits and brain findings into the general population. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2576 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=450 [article] Brain morphology, autistic traits, and polygenic risk for autism: A population-based neuroimaging study [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Silvia ALEMANY, Auteur ; E. BLOK, Auteur ; P. R. JANSEN, Auteur ; R. L. MUETZEL, Auteur ; T. WHITE, Auteur . - p.2085-2099. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 14-10 (October 2021) . - p.2085-2099 Mots-clés : Autism Spectrum Disorder/diagnostic imaging/genetics  Autistic Disorder/diagnostic imaging/genetics  Brain/diagnostic imaging  Child  Humans  Magnetic Resonance Imaging  Neuroimaging  autism  cortical thickness  genetics  gyrification  surface area Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are associated with widespread brain alterations. Previous research in our group linked autistic traits with altered gyrification, but without pronounced differences in cortical thickness. Herein, we aim to replicate and extend these findings using a larger and older sample. Additionally, we examined whether (a) brain correlates of autistic traits were associated with polygenic risk scores (PRS) for ASD, and (b) autistic traits are related with brain morphological changes over time in a subset of children with longitudinal data available. The sample included 2400 children from the Generation R cohort. Autistic traits were measured using the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS) at age 6?years. Gyrification, cortical thickness, surface area, and global morphological measures were obtained from high-resolution structural MRI scans at ages 9-to-12?years. We performed multiple linear regression analyses on a vertex-wise level. Corresponding regions of interest were tested for association with PRS. Results showed that autistic traits were related to (a) lower gyrification in the lateral occipital and the superior and inferior parietal lobes, (b) lower cortical thickness in the superior frontal region, and (c) lower surface area in inferior temporal and rostral middle frontal regions. PRS for ASD and longitudinal analyses showed significant associations that did not survive correction for multiple testing. Our findings support stability in the relationship between higher autistic symptoms and lower gyrification and smaller surface areas in school-aged children. These relationships remained when excluding ASD cases, providing neurobiological evidence for the extension of autistic traits into the general population. LAY SUMMARY: We found that school-aged children with higher levels of autistic traits had smaller total brain volume, cerebellum, cortical thickness, and surface area. Further, we also found differences in the folding patterns of the brain (gyrification). Overall, genetic susceptibility for autism spectrum disorders was not related to these brain regions suggesting that other factors could be involved in their origin. These results remained significant when excluding children with a diagnosis of ASD, providing support for the extension of the relationship between autistic traits and brain findings into the general population. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2576 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=450

Childhood sleep disturbances and white matter microstructure in preadolescence / T. A. MULDER in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 60-11 (November 2019)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 60-11 (November 2019) . - p.1242-1250 Titre : Childhood sleep disturbances and white matter microstructure in preadolescence Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : T. A. MULDER, Auteur ; D. KOCEVSKA, Auteur ; R. L. MUETZEL, Auteur ; M. E. KOOPMAN-VERHOEFF, Auteur ; M. H. HILLEGERS, Auteur ; T. WHITE, Auteur ; H. TIEMEIER, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1242-1250 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Dti  Sleep problems  repeated measurements  white matter microstructure Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Sleep problems occur in up to 30% of children and have been associated with adverse developmental outcomes. However, due to a lack of longitudinal neuroimaging studies, the neurobiological changes that may underlie some of these associations have remained unclear. This study explored the association between sleep problems during childhood and white matter (WM) microstructure in preadolescence. METHODS: Children from the population-based birth cohort, the Generation R Study, who had repeatedly assessed sleep problems between 1.5 and 10 years of age and a MRI scan at age 10 (N = 2,449), were included. Mothers reported on their child's sleep problems using the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL 1.5-5) when children were 1.5, 3, and 6 years of age. At age 2, mothers completed very similar questions. At age 10, both children and their mothers reported on sleep problems. We used whole-brain and tract-specific fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) values obtained through diffusion tensor imaging as measures of WM microstructure. RESULTS: Childhood sleep problems at 1.5, 2, and 6 years of age were associated with less WM microstructural integrity (approximately 0.05 SD lower global FA score per 1-SD sleep problems). In repeated-measures analyses, children with more sleep problems (per 1-SD) at baseline had lower FA values at age 10 in particular in the corticospinal tract (-0.12 SD, 95% CI:-0.20;-0.05), the uncinate fasciculus (-0.12 SD, 95% CI:-0.19;-0.05), and the forceps major (-0.11 SD, 95% CI:-0.18;-0.03), although effect estimates across the tracts did not differ substantially. CONCLUSIONS: Childhood sleep disturbances are associated with less WM microstructural integrity in preadolescence. Our results show that early neurodevelopment may be a period of particular vulnerability to sleep problems. This study cannot demonstrate causality but suggests that preventive interventions addressing sleep problems should be further explored to test whether they impact adverse neurodevelopment. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13085 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=408 [article] Childhood sleep disturbances and white matter microstructure in preadolescence [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / T. A. MULDER, Auteur ; D. KOCEVSKA, Auteur ; R. L. MUETZEL, Auteur ; M. E. KOOPMAN-VERHOEFF, Auteur ; M. H. HILLEGERS, Auteur ; T. WHITE, Auteur ; H. TIEMEIER, Auteur . - p.1242-1250. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 60-11 (November 2019) . - p.1242-1250 Mots-clés : Dti  Sleep problems  repeated measurements  white matter microstructure Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Sleep problems occur in up to 30% of children and have been associated with adverse developmental outcomes. However, due to a lack of longitudinal neuroimaging studies, the neurobiological changes that may underlie some of these associations have remained unclear. This study explored the association between sleep problems during childhood and white matter (WM) microstructure in preadolescence. METHODS: Children from the population-based birth cohort, the Generation R Study, who had repeatedly assessed sleep problems between 1.5 and 10 years of age and a MRI scan at age 10 (N = 2,449), were included. Mothers reported on their child's sleep problems using the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL 1.5-5) when children were 1.5, 3, and 6 years of age. At age 2, mothers completed very similar questions. At age 10, both children and their mothers reported on sleep problems. We used whole-brain and tract-specific fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) values obtained through diffusion tensor imaging as measures of WM microstructure. RESULTS: Childhood sleep problems at 1.5, 2, and 6 years of age were associated with less WM microstructural integrity (approximately 0.05 SD lower global FA score per 1-SD sleep problems). In repeated-measures analyses, children with more sleep problems (per 1-SD) at baseline had lower FA values at age 10 in particular in the corticospinal tract (-0.12 SD, 95% CI:-0.20;-0.05), the uncinate fasciculus (-0.12 SD, 95% CI:-0.19;-0.05), and the forceps major (-0.11 SD, 95% CI:-0.18;-0.03), although effect estimates across the tracts did not differ substantially. CONCLUSIONS: Childhood sleep disturbances are associated with less WM microstructural integrity in preadolescence. Our results show that early neurodevelopment may be a period of particular vulnerability to sleep problems. This study cannot demonstrate causality but suggests that preventive interventions addressing sleep problems should be further explored to test whether they impact adverse neurodevelopment. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13085 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=408

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