Do Implicit and Explicit Racial Biases Influence Autism Identification and Stigma? An Implicit Association Test Study / Rita OBEID in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 51-1 (January 2021)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 51-1 (January 2021) . - p.106-128 Titre : Do Implicit and Explicit Racial Biases Influence Autism Identification and Stigma? An Implicit Association Test Study Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Rita OBEID, Auteur ; Jennifer Bailey BISSON, Auteur ; Alexandra COSENZA, Auteur ; Ashley J. HARRISON, Auteur ; Faith JAMES, Auteur ; Sabine SAADE, Auteur ; Kristen GILLESPIE-LYNCH, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.106-128 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder  Conduct disorder  Explicit  Iat  Implicit  Stigma Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Are implicit and explicit biases related to ASD identification and/or stigma? College students (N?=?493) completed two IATs assessing implicit stigma and racial biases. They evaluated vignettes depicting a child with ASD or conduct disorder (CD) paired with a photo of a Black or White child. CD was more implicitly and explicitly stigmatized than ASD. Accurately identifying ASD was associated with reduced explicit stigma; identifying CD led to more stigma. Participants who identified as White implicitly associated the White child with ASD and the Black child with CD. A trend in the reverse direction was observed among Black participants. Implicit and explicit biases were unrelated. Findings highlight a need for trainings to ameliorate biases favoring one's in-group. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-020-04507-2 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=437 [article] Do Implicit and Explicit Racial Biases Influence Autism Identification and Stigma? An Implicit Association Test Study [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Rita OBEID, Auteur ; Jennifer Bailey BISSON, Auteur ; Alexandra COSENZA, Auteur ; Ashley J. HARRISON, Auteur ; Faith JAMES, Auteur ; Sabine SAADE, Auteur ; Kristen GILLESPIE-LYNCH, Auteur . - p.106-128. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 51-1 (January 2021) . - p.106-128 Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder  Conduct disorder  Explicit  Iat  Implicit  Stigma Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Are implicit and explicit biases related to ASD identification and/or stigma? College students (N?=?493) completed two IATs assessing implicit stigma and racial biases. They evaluated vignettes depicting a child with ASD or conduct disorder (CD) paired with a photo of a Black or White child. CD was more implicitly and explicitly stigmatized than ASD. Accurately identifying ASD was associated with reduced explicit stigma; identifying CD led to more stigma. Participants who identified as White implicitly associated the White child with ASD and the Black child with CD. A trend in the reverse direction was observed among Black participants. Implicit and explicit biases were unrelated. Findings highlight a need for trainings to ameliorate biases favoring one's in-group. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-020-04507-2 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=437

Examining How Types of Object Distractors Distinctly Compete for Facial Attention in Autism Spectrum Disorder Using Eye Tracking / Ashley J. HARRISON in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 50-3 (March 2020)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 50-3 (March 2020) . - p.924-934 Titre : Examining How Types of Object Distractors Distinctly Compete for Facial Attention in Autism Spectrum Disorder Using Eye Tracking Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Ashley J. HARRISON, Auteur ; Mylissa M. SLANE, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.924-934 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder  Circumscribed Interests  Eye tracking  Social motivation Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Social motivation theory states that individuals with ASD find social stimuli less rewarding (Chevallier et al. in Trends Cognit Sci 16(4):231-239, 2012). An alternative theory suggests that competition from circumscribed interests (CIs) may better account for diminished social attention (Sasson et al. in Autism Res 1(1):31-42, 2008). This study evaluated both theories in children diagnosed with ASD (n = 16) and a group of TD children (n = 20) using eye tracking and demonstrated that distractor type only impacted the proportion of dwell time on faces in the TD group, but not the ASD group. These results provide support for the social motivation theory because gaze duration for faces among children with ASD was diminished regardless of whether the non-social stimuli presented was a CI or control object. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-019-04315-3 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=419 [article] Examining How Types of Object Distractors Distinctly Compete for Facial Attention in Autism Spectrum Disorder Using Eye Tracking [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Ashley J. HARRISON, Auteur ; Mylissa M. SLANE, Auteur . - p.924-934. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 50-3 (March 2020) . - p.924-934 Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder  Circumscribed Interests  Eye tracking  Social motivation Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Social motivation theory states that individuals with ASD find social stimuli less rewarding (Chevallier et al. in Trends Cognit Sci 16(4):231-239, 2012). An alternative theory suggests that competition from circumscribed interests (CIs) may better account for diminished social attention (Sasson et al. in Autism Res 1(1):31-42, 2008). This study evaluated both theories in children diagnosed with ASD (n = 16) and a group of TD children (n = 20) using eye tracking and demonstrated that distractor type only impacted the proportion of dwell time on faces in the TD group, but not the ASD group. These results provide support for the social motivation theory because gaze duration for faces among children with ASD was diminished regardless of whether the non-social stimuli presented was a CI or control object. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-019-04315-3 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=419

Public knowledge and stigma of autism spectrum disorder: Comparing China with the United States / Luodi YU in Autism, 24-6 (August 2020)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 24-6 (August 2020) . - p.1531-1545 Titre : Public knowledge and stigma of autism spectrum disorder: Comparing China with the United States Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Luodi YU, Auteur ; Sheri T. STRONACH, Auteur ; Ashley J. HARRISON, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1531-1545 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism knowledge  autism spectrum disorder  awareness  cross-cultural comparison  stigma Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism spectrum disorder in China differs considerably from autism spectrum disorder in the West in terms of prevalence estimates, education opportunities, and life outcomes of autistic people. The lack of autism spectrum disorder awareness could be a key factor underlying the disparities. To date, there has been no evaluation of autism spectrum disorder knowledge among the general public of China. Using the Autism Stigma and Knowledge Questionnaire developed for use in diverse cultural contexts, this study uncovered profoundly different public views about autism spectrum disorder in China compared with the United States. Determined by cognitive diagnosis modeling, 86%-91% of the surveyed U.S. citizens (N?=?1127) achieved adequate autism spectrum disorder knowledge in diagnosis/symptoms, etiology, and treatment, whereas for the Chinese citizens (N?=?1254) the percentages were only 57%-65%. Moreover, 14% of the participants from the United States were classified to endorse autism spectrum disorder stigma; in comparison, 38% of the Chinese participants endorsed autism spectrum disorder stigma. The Chinese citizens displayed knowledge deficits primarily in the areas of autism spectrum disorder core symptoms, comorbid intellectual impairment, and prognosis. Sociodemographic factors associated with the Chinese citizen's misconceptions included gender, ethnicity, social economic factors, among others. These results have important implications for increasing public awareness and promoting community participation for autistic individuals in China.Lay abstractASD in China differs considerably from ASD in the West in terms of prevalence estimates, education opportunities and life outcomes of autistic people. The lack of ASD awareness could be a key factor underlying these disparities. We asked 1127 U.S. citizens and 1254 Chinese citizens about their autism knowledge using the Autism Stigma and Knowledge Questionnaire (ASK-Q).The results indicated profoundly different public views about ASD in China compared to the U.S. Specifically, only 57%-65% of the Chinese citizens demonstrated adequate ASD knowledge compared to 86%-91% in the U.S. citizens. Fourteen percent of the U.S. citizens were shown to hold stigma beliefs towards ASD; in comparison, 38% of the Chinese citizens indicated ASD stigma. The Chinese citizens displayed misconceptions about ASD related to symptoms, causes, and possible long-term outcomes. In China but not in the U.S., male citizens and citizens with lower social economic status were more likely to have misconceptions about ASD than others were. The findings of this research can help increase public awareness about ASD and create a more inclusive environment for autistic people in China. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361319900839 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=428 [article] Public knowledge and stigma of autism spectrum disorder: Comparing China with the United States [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Luodi YU, Auteur ; Sheri T. STRONACH, Auteur ; Ashley J. HARRISON, Auteur . - p.1531-1545. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 24-6 (August 2020) . - p.1531-1545 Mots-clés : autism knowledge  autism spectrum disorder  awareness  cross-cultural comparison  stigma Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism spectrum disorder in China differs considerably from autism spectrum disorder in the West in terms of prevalence estimates, education opportunities, and life outcomes of autistic people. The lack of autism spectrum disorder awareness could be a key factor underlying the disparities. To date, there has been no evaluation of autism spectrum disorder knowledge among the general public of China. Using the Autism Stigma and Knowledge Questionnaire developed for use in diverse cultural contexts, this study uncovered profoundly different public views about autism spectrum disorder in China compared with the United States. Determined by cognitive diagnosis modeling, 86%-91% of the surveyed U.S. citizens (N?=?1127) achieved adequate autism spectrum disorder knowledge in diagnosis/symptoms, etiology, and treatment, whereas for the Chinese citizens (N?=?1254) the percentages were only 57%-65%. Moreover, 14% of the participants from the United States were classified to endorse autism spectrum disorder stigma; in comparison, 38% of the Chinese participants endorsed autism spectrum disorder stigma. The Chinese citizens displayed knowledge deficits primarily in the areas of autism spectrum disorder core symptoms, comorbid intellectual impairment, and prognosis. Sociodemographic factors associated with the Chinese citizen's misconceptions included gender, ethnicity, social economic factors, among others. These results have important implications for increasing public awareness and promoting community participation for autistic individuals in China.Lay abstractASD in China differs considerably from ASD in the West in terms of prevalence estimates, education opportunities and life outcomes of autistic people. The lack of ASD awareness could be a key factor underlying these disparities. We asked 1127 U.S. citizens and 1254 Chinese citizens about their autism knowledge using the Autism Stigma and Knowledge Questionnaire (ASK-Q).The results indicated profoundly different public views about ASD in China compared to the U.S. Specifically, only 57%-65% of the Chinese citizens demonstrated adequate ASD knowledge compared to 86%-91% in the U.S. citizens. Fourteen percent of the U.S. citizens were shown to hold stigma beliefs towards ASD; in comparison, 38% of the Chinese citizens indicated ASD stigma. The Chinese citizens displayed misconceptions about ASD related to symptoms, causes, and possible long-term outcomes. In China but not in the U.S., male citizens and citizens with lower social economic status were more likely to have misconceptions about ASD than others were. The findings of this research can help increase public awareness about ASD and create a more inclusive environment for autistic people in China. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361319900839 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=428

---

1 (1 - 3 / 3)