Commentary: Implications for future research on the genetic and environmental causes of callous-unemotional traits - a commentary on Takahashi et al (2020) / Paul J. FRICK in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 62-4 (April 2021)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 62-4 (April 2021) . - p.424-426 Titre : Commentary: Implications for future research on the genetic and environmental causes of callous-unemotional traits - a commentary on Takahashi et al (2020) Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Paul J. FRICK, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.424-426 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Callous-unemotional traits  assessment  genetics  parenting  stability  treatment Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Takahashi et al. (2020) showed that CU traits at age 7 were highly heritable, that the genetic influences underlying the course of CU traits from age 7 to 16 were largely independent from those underlying the initial level, and that the genetic influences on CU traits in early childhood were substantially different from the genetic influences on these traits in adolescence. This commentary on these important and provocative findings focuses on their implications for future research. Specifically, it notes that future studies attempting to find genetic loci related to CU traits need to consider that such loci may differ depending on the age of the sample and this research needs to consider several important considerations when measuring CU traits that can influence the results. Further, the results of Takahashi et al highlight the importance of environmental influences on the stability of CU traits that could play an important role in treatment. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13291 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=445 [article] Commentary: Implications for future research on the genetic and environmental causes of callous-unemotional traits - a commentary on Takahashi et al (2020) [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Paul J. FRICK, Auteur . - p.424-426. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 62-4 (April 2021) . - p.424-426 Mots-clés : Callous-unemotional traits  assessment  genetics  parenting  stability  treatment Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Takahashi et al. (2020) showed that CU traits at age 7 were highly heritable, that the genetic influences underlying the course of CU traits from age 7 to 16 were largely independent from those underlying the initial level, and that the genetic influences on CU traits in early childhood were substantially different from the genetic influences on these traits in adolescence. This commentary on these important and provocative findings focuses on their implications for future research. Specifically, it notes that future studies attempting to find genetic loci related to CU traits need to consider that such loci may differ depending on the age of the sample and this research needs to consider several important considerations when measuring CU traits that can influence the results. Further, the results of Takahashi et al highlight the importance of environmental influences on the stability of CU traits that could play an important role in treatment. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13291 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=445

Crossroads in juvenile justice: The impact of initial processing decision on youth 5 years after first arrest / Elizabeth CAUFFMAN in Development and Psychopathology, 33-2 (May 2021)  

Public ISBD [article]  inDevelopment and Psychopathology > 33-2 (May 2021) . - p.700-713 Titre : Crossroads in juvenile justice: The impact of initial processing decision on youth 5 years after first arrest Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Elizabeth CAUFFMAN, Auteur ; Jordan BEARDSLEE, Auteur ; Adam FINE, Auteur ; Paul J. FRICK, Auteur ; Laurence STEINBERG, Auteur Année de publication : 2021 Article en page(s) : p.700-713 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : adolescence  diversion  inverse probability weighting  juvenile justice policy  processing decision  recidivism  risk-taking  social policy Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The current study advances past research by studying the impact of juvenile justice decision making with a geographically and ethnically diverse sample (N = 1,216) of adolescent boys (ages 13-17 years) for the 5 years following their first arrest. Importantly, all youth in the study were arrested for an eligible offense of moderate severity (e.g., assault, theft) to evaluate whether the initial decision to formally (i.e., sentenced before a judge) or informally (i.e., diverted to community service) process the youth led to differences in outcomes. The current study also advanced past research by using a statistical approach that controlled for a host of potential preexisting vulnerabilities that could influence both the processing decision and the youth's outcomes. Our findings indicated that youth who were formally processed during adolescence were more likely to be re-arrested, more likely to be incarcerated, engaged in more violence, reported a greater affiliation with delinquent peers, reported lower school enrollment, were less likely to graduate high school within 5 years, reported less ability to suppress aggression, and had lower perceptions of opportunities than informally processed youth. Importantly, these findings were not moderated by the age of the youth at his first arrest or his race and ethnicity. These results have important implications for juvenile justice policy by indicating that formally processing youth not only is costly, but it can reduce public safety and reduce the adolescent's later potential contributions to society. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s095457942000200x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=444 [article] Crossroads in juvenile justice: The impact of initial processing decision on youth 5 years after first arrest [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Elizabeth CAUFFMAN, Auteur ; Jordan BEARDSLEE, Auteur ; Adam FINE, Auteur ; Paul J. FRICK, Auteur ; Laurence STEINBERG, Auteur . - 2021 . - p.700-713. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Development and Psychopathology > 33-2 (May 2021) . - p.700-713 Mots-clés : adolescence  diversion  inverse probability weighting  juvenile justice policy  processing decision  recidivism  risk-taking  social policy Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The current study advances past research by studying the impact of juvenile justice decision making with a geographically and ethnically diverse sample (N = 1,216) of adolescent boys (ages 13-17 years) for the 5 years following their first arrest. Importantly, all youth in the study were arrested for an eligible offense of moderate severity (e.g., assault, theft) to evaluate whether the initial decision to formally (i.e., sentenced before a judge) or informally (i.e., diverted to community service) process the youth led to differences in outcomes. The current study also advanced past research by using a statistical approach that controlled for a host of potential preexisting vulnerabilities that could influence both the processing decision and the youth's outcomes. Our findings indicated that youth who were formally processed during adolescence were more likely to be re-arrested, more likely to be incarcerated, engaged in more violence, reported a greater affiliation with delinquent peers, reported lower school enrollment, were less likely to graduate high school within 5 years, reported less ability to suppress aggression, and had lower perceptions of opportunities than informally processed youth. Importantly, these findings were not moderated by the age of the youth at his first arrest or his race and ethnicity. These results have important implications for juvenile justice policy by indicating that formally processing youth not only is costly, but it can reduce public safety and reduce the adolescent's later potential contributions to society. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s095457942000200x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=444

Do callous-unemotional traits moderate the effects of the juvenile justice system on later offending behavior? / Emily L. ROBERTSON in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 62-2 (February 2021)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 62-2 (February 2021) . - p.212-222 Titre : Do callous-unemotional traits moderate the effects of the juvenile justice system on later offending behavior? Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Emily L. ROBERTSON, Auteur ; Paul J. FRICK, Auteur ; James V. RAY, Auteur ; Laura C. THORNTON, Auteur ; Tina D. WALL MYERS, Auteur ; Laurence STEINBERG, Auteur ; Elizabeth CAUFFMAN, Auteur Année de publication : 2021 Article en page(s) : p.212-222 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Callous-unemotional (CU) traits  formal processing  juvenile justice system  recidivism  treatment Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Research suggests that callous-unemotional (CU) traits, a recent addition to psychiatric classification of serious conduct problems, may moderate the influence of a number of contextual factors (e.g., parenting, deviant peer influence) on an adolescent's adjustment. The current study sought to replicate past research showing that formal processing through the juvenile justice system increases recidivism and tested the novel hypothesis that CU traits would moderate the relationship between processing decision and future antisocial behavior. METHODS: A diverse sample of first-time male offenders (N = 1,216; M age = 15.12, SD = 1.29) in three regions of the United States was assessed within 6 weeks of their first arrest and then at 6-month intervals for 36 months. RESULTS: Compared to those who were informally processed (i.e., diverted), adolescents formally processed through the court were at a higher risk of self-reported offending and rearrests as measured by official records, after controlling for preexisting risk factors. However, baseline CU traits moderated this association such that those with high CU traits reported offending at high rates across the subsequent three years regardless of how the juvenile justice system processed their case. CONCLUSIONS: CU traits are important to psychiatric classification for designating a subgroup of antisocial youth who may respond differently to contextual influences, including being less susceptible to the negative effects of juvenile justice system involvement. The public health significance of this moderation is significant by suggesting that previous estimates of the harmful impact of formal processing by the juvenile justice system may underestimate its impact, given that the majority of arrested adolescents have normative levels of CU traits. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13266 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=440 [article] Do callous-unemotional traits moderate the effects of the juvenile justice system on later offending behavior? [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Emily L. ROBERTSON, Auteur ; Paul J. FRICK, Auteur ; James V. RAY, Auteur ; Laura C. THORNTON, Auteur ; Tina D. WALL MYERS, Auteur ; Laurence STEINBERG, Auteur ; Elizabeth CAUFFMAN, Auteur . - 2021 . - p.212-222. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 62-2 (February 2021) . - p.212-222 Mots-clés : Callous-unemotional (CU) traits  formal processing  juvenile justice system  recidivism  treatment Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Research suggests that callous-unemotional (CU) traits, a recent addition to psychiatric classification of serious conduct problems, may moderate the influence of a number of contextual factors (e.g., parenting, deviant peer influence) on an adolescent's adjustment. The current study sought to replicate past research showing that formal processing through the juvenile justice system increases recidivism and tested the novel hypothesis that CU traits would moderate the relationship between processing decision and future antisocial behavior. METHODS: A diverse sample of first-time male offenders (N = 1,216; M age = 15.12, SD = 1.29) in three regions of the United States was assessed within 6 weeks of their first arrest and then at 6-month intervals for 36 months. RESULTS: Compared to those who were informally processed (i.e., diverted), adolescents formally processed through the court were at a higher risk of self-reported offending and rearrests as measured by official records, after controlling for preexisting risk factors. However, baseline CU traits moderated this association such that those with high CU traits reported offending at high rates across the subsequent three years regardless of how the juvenile justice system processed their case. CONCLUSIONS: CU traits are important to psychiatric classification for designating a subgroup of antisocial youth who may respond differently to contextual influences, including being less susceptible to the negative effects of juvenile justice system involvement. The public health significance of this moderation is significant by suggesting that previous estimates of the harmful impact of formal processing by the juvenile justice system may underestimate its impact, given that the majority of arrested adolescents have normative levels of CU traits. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13266 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=440

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