Direct and indirect costs for families of children with autism spectrum disorder in China / Yanan ZHAO in Autism, 27-8 (November 2023)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 27-8 (November 2023) . - p.2337-2347 Titre : Direct and indirect costs for families of children with autism spectrum disorder in China Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Yanan ZHAO, Auteur ; Yanan LUO, Auteur ; Rong ZHANG, Auteur ; Xiaoying ZHENG, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.2337-2347 Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  direct costs  employment status  indirect costs  productivity loss Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism spectrum disorder has gained international attention due to its prevalence and the extent to which it can affect families. As a disorder without quantifiable treatment effects, it is easily overlooked in the battle for resources. Estimating family economic burdens and the specific factors that may be associated with them could help in the identification of resources and the promotion of social justice. We examined the family costs from a national family survey with Children with autism spectrum disorder aged 2-6?years (N?=?3236). A three-tiered model to quantify the costs was used. The families' average annual direct cost per child was $24,869.0, including direct medical cost (inpatient, outpatient,drugs, etc.) of $6009.2 and direct nonmedical cost (rehabilitation or educational, rental, transportation, care, and others) of $18,859.8. The annual indirect costs (productivity loss from resignation and job adjustment) for families were $13,990.7. The total costs were $34,206.5. The results of the regression revealed that the mothers' educational level was significantly associated with costs. Families with an interprovincial immigration background, a higher-than-average income, or children with more severe autism spectrum disorder had a greater possibility of higher direct, indirect, and overall costs. Autism spectrum disorder imposed a significant financial burden on the families of children with autism spectrum disorder.Lay abstractThis is the first comprehensive national study to explore the direct and indirect costs for families of children with autism spectrum disorder in China. The increasing prevalence of autism spectrum disorder highlights a growing need for resources to provide care for families of children with autism spectrum disorder. The medical and nonmedical costs and parents' productivity loss have caused a serious burden on their families. Our objective is to estimate the direct and indirect costs for the families of children with autism spectrum disorder in China. The target population was parents of children with autism spectrum disorder. We analyzed the costs using cross-sectional data from a Chinese national family survey with children aged 2-6?years (N?=?3236) who were clinically diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder. Family data from 30 provinces in China were obtained. Cost items included direct medical costs, direct nonmedical costs, and indirect costs. In this study, we found that the largest part of family costs for autism spectrum disorder are nonmedical costs and productivity loss. Autism spectrum disorder has imposed a huge economic burden on parents having children with autism spectrum disorder in China, who need more support than the current health care system provides. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613231158862 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=513 [article] Direct and indirect costs for families of children with autism spectrum disorder in China [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Yanan ZHAO, Auteur ; Yanan LUO, Auteur ; Rong ZHANG, Auteur ; Xiaoying ZHENG, Auteur . - p.2337-2347. in Autism > 27-8 (November 2023) . - p.2337-2347 Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  direct costs  employment status  indirect costs  productivity loss Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism spectrum disorder has gained international attention due to its prevalence and the extent to which it can affect families. As a disorder without quantifiable treatment effects, it is easily overlooked in the battle for resources. Estimating family economic burdens and the specific factors that may be associated with them could help in the identification of resources and the promotion of social justice. We examined the family costs from a national family survey with Children with autism spectrum disorder aged 2-6?years (N?=?3236). A three-tiered model to quantify the costs was used. The families' average annual direct cost per child was $24,869.0, including direct medical cost (inpatient, outpatient,drugs, etc.) of $6009.2 and direct nonmedical cost (rehabilitation or educational, rental, transportation, care, and others) of $18,859.8. The annual indirect costs (productivity loss from resignation and job adjustment) for families were $13,990.7. The total costs were $34,206.5. The results of the regression revealed that the mothers' educational level was significantly associated with costs. Families with an interprovincial immigration background, a higher-than-average income, or children with more severe autism spectrum disorder had a greater possibility of higher direct, indirect, and overall costs. Autism spectrum disorder imposed a significant financial burden on the families of children with autism spectrum disorder.Lay abstractThis is the first comprehensive national study to explore the direct and indirect costs for families of children with autism spectrum disorder in China. The increasing prevalence of autism spectrum disorder highlights a growing need for resources to provide care for families of children with autism spectrum disorder. The medical and nonmedical costs and parents' productivity loss have caused a serious burden on their families. Our objective is to estimate the direct and indirect costs for the families of children with autism spectrum disorder in China. The target population was parents of children with autism spectrum disorder. We analyzed the costs using cross-sectional data from a Chinese national family survey with children aged 2-6?years (N?=?3236) who were clinically diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder. Family data from 30 provinces in China were obtained. Cost items included direct medical costs, direct nonmedical costs, and indirect costs. In this study, we found that the largest part of family costs for autism spectrum disorder are nonmedical costs and productivity loss. Autism spectrum disorder has imposed a huge economic burden on parents having children with autism spectrum disorder in China, who need more support than the current health care system provides. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613231158862 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=513

Immune activation during pregnancy exacerbates ASD-related alterations in Shank3-deficient mice / Andrea Pérez ARÉVALO ; Ines GRAF ; Rong ZHANG ; Juergen BOCKMANN ; Anne-Kathrin LUTZ ; Tobias M. BOECKERS in Molecular Autism, 14 (2023)  

Public ISBD [article]  inMolecular Autism > 14 (2023) . - 1 p. Titre : Immune activation during pregnancy exacerbates ASD-related alterations in Shank3-deficient mice Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Andrea Pérez ARÉVALO, Auteur ; Ines GRAF, Auteur ; Rong ZHANG, Auteur ; Juergen BOCKMANN, Auteur ; Anne-Kathrin LUTZ, Auteur ; Tobias M. BOECKERS, Auteur Article en page(s) : 1 p. Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is mainly characterized by deficits in social interaction and communication and repetitive behaviors. Known causes of ASD are mutations of certain risk genes like the postsynaptic protein SHANK3 and environmental factors including prenatal infections. METHODS: To analyze the gene-environment interplay in ASD, we combined the Shank3?11-/-?ASD mouse model with maternal immune activation (MIA) via an intraperitoneal injection of polyinosinic/polycytidylic acid (Poly I:C) on gestational day 12.5. The offspring of the injected dams was further analyzed for autistic-like behaviors and comorbidities followed by biochemical experiments with a focus on synaptic analysis. RESULTS: We show that the two-hit mice exhibit excessive grooming and deficits in social behavior more prominently than the Shank3?11-/-?mice. Interestingly, these behavioral changes were accompanied by an unexpected upregulation of postsynaptic density (PSD) proteins at excitatory synapses in striatum, hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. LIMITATIONS: We found several PSD proteins to be increased in the two-hit mice; however, we can only speculate about possible pathways behind the worsening of the autistic phenotype in those mice. CONCLUSIONS: With this study, we demonstrate that there is an interplay between genetic susceptibility and environmental factors defining the severity of ASD symptoms. Moreover, we show that a general misbalance of PSD proteins at excitatory synapses is linked to ASD symptoms, making this two-hit model a promising tool for the investigation of the complex pathophysiology of neurodevelopmental disorders. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-022-00532-3 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=513 [article] Immune activation during pregnancy exacerbates ASD-related alterations in Shank3-deficient mice [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Andrea Pérez ARÉVALO, Auteur ; Ines GRAF, Auteur ; Rong ZHANG, Auteur ; Juergen BOCKMANN, Auteur ; Anne-Kathrin LUTZ, Auteur ; Tobias M. BOECKERS, Auteur . - 1 p. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Molecular Autism > 14 (2023) . - 1 p. Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is mainly characterized by deficits in social interaction and communication and repetitive behaviors. Known causes of ASD are mutations of certain risk genes like the postsynaptic protein SHANK3 and environmental factors including prenatal infections. METHODS: To analyze the gene-environment interplay in ASD, we combined the Shank3?11-/-?ASD mouse model with maternal immune activation (MIA) via an intraperitoneal injection of polyinosinic/polycytidylic acid (Poly I:C) on gestational day 12.5. The offspring of the injected dams was further analyzed for autistic-like behaviors and comorbidities followed by biochemical experiments with a focus on synaptic analysis. RESULTS: We show that the two-hit mice exhibit excessive grooming and deficits in social behavior more prominently than the Shank3?11-/-?mice. Interestingly, these behavioral changes were accompanied by an unexpected upregulation of postsynaptic density (PSD) proteins at excitatory synapses in striatum, hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. LIMITATIONS: We found several PSD proteins to be increased in the two-hit mice; however, we can only speculate about possible pathways behind the worsening of the autistic phenotype in those mice. CONCLUSIONS: With this study, we demonstrate that there is an interplay between genetic susceptibility and environmental factors defining the severity of ASD symptoms. Moreover, we show that a general misbalance of PSD proteins at excitatory synapses is linked to ASD symptoms, making this two-hit model a promising tool for the investigation of the complex pathophysiology of neurodevelopmental disorders. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-022-00532-3 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=513

Language Skill Differences Further Distinguish Social Sub-types in Children with Autism / Qin LI ; Xiaolu ZHANG ; Xinwei SONG ; Siyu ZHU ; Xiaojing SHOU ; Fanchao MENG ; Xinjie XU ; Rong ZHANG ; Keith M. KENDRICK in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 54-1 (January 2024)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 54-1 (January 2024) . - p.143-154 Titre : Language Skill Differences Further Distinguish Social Sub-types in Children with Autism Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Qin LI, Auteur ; Xiaolu ZHANG, Auteur ; Xinwei SONG, Auteur ; Siyu ZHU, Auteur ; Xiaojing SHOU, Auteur ; Fanchao MENG, Auteur ; Xinjie XU, Auteur ; Rong ZHANG, Auteur ; Keith M. KENDRICK, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.143-154 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This study investigated heterogeneity in language skills of children with autism and their relationship with different autistic social subtypes. Data from 90 autistic and 30 typically developing children were analyzed. Results showed that autistic social subtypes varied in language skill problems (aloof?>?passive?>?active-but-odd). There was a negative association between aloof dimension scores and language performance but positive for the active-but-odd dimension and no association in the passive one. Moreover, aloof dimension score was the main contributor to language performance. A receiver operating characteristic analysis suggested language vocabulary as an additional component in differentiating autistic social subtypes. These findings demonstrate that variations in language skills in autistic children provide additional information for discriminating their social subtype. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-022-05759-w Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=520 [article] Language Skill Differences Further Distinguish Social Sub-types in Children with Autism [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Qin LI, Auteur ; Xiaolu ZHANG, Auteur ; Xinwei SONG, Auteur ; Siyu ZHU, Auteur ; Xiaojing SHOU, Auteur ; Fanchao MENG, Auteur ; Xinjie XU, Auteur ; Rong ZHANG, Auteur ; Keith M. KENDRICK, Auteur . - p.143-154. in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 54-1 (January 2024) . - p.143-154 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This study investigated heterogeneity in language skills of children with autism and their relationship with different autistic social subtypes. Data from 90 autistic and 30 typically developing children were analyzed. Results showed that autistic social subtypes varied in language skill problems (aloof?>?passive?>?active-but-odd). There was a negative association between aloof dimension scores and language performance but positive for the active-but-odd dimension and no association in the passive one. Moreover, aloof dimension score was the main contributor to language performance. A receiver operating characteristic analysis suggested language vocabulary as an additional component in differentiating autistic social subtypes. These findings demonstrate that variations in language skills in autistic children provide additional information for discriminating their social subtype. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-022-05759-w Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=520

Prevalence, incidence, and characteristics of autism spectrum disorder among children in Beijing, China / Yanan ZHAO in Autism, 29-4 (April 2025)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 29-4 (April 2025) . - p.884-895 Titre : Prevalence, incidence, and characteristics of autism spectrum disorder among children in Beijing, China Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Yanan ZHAO, Auteur ; Feng LU, Auteur ; Ruoxi DING, Auteur ; Dawei ZHU, Auteur ; Rong ZHANG, Auteur ; Siwei SUN, Auteur ; Ping HE, Auteur ; Xiaoying ZHENG, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.884-895 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorders  diagnosis  co-occurring conditions  pre-school children  prevalence Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The prevalence of autism spectrum disorder in the world has increased over the last decade, but the prevalence, incidence, and characteristics of autism spectrum disorder in China were not well understood. Using administrative data, we aimed to estimate the prevalence and incidence of autism spectrum disorder and describe the co-occurring conditions in preschoolers in Beijing, China. The study focused on 0- to 6-year-old children with registered residence in Beijing, using cohorts derived from the Beijing Municipal Health Big Data and Policy Research Center. We conducted a detailed analysis of autism spectrum disorder prevalence among the cohorts, comparing estimates across 2 to 3?years for the same birth cohort (4?years, 5?years). For the 6-year-old cohort, we obtained 1-year prevalence estimates in 2021. Annual incidence rate was also calculated. The prevalence in 6-year-old children in 2021 was 10.5 per 1000 (95% confidence interval = 9.7-10.9). The male-to-female prevalence ratio was 4.3. Between 40% and 43% of preschool children had at least one co-occurring condition. The incidence for children 6?years old and under was 0.11% in 2019 and increased to 0.18% in 2021. Both the prevalence and incidence rates in Beijing were comparable to those reported in developed countries.Lay abstract It is the first study to explore the prevalence, incidence, and co-occurring conditions of autism spectrum disorder for the preschoolers in China. The prevalence and incidence of autism spectrum disorder has increased in recent decades. Autism spectrum disorder has become an important public concern worldwide. In this study, all hospital confirmed cases had an associated diagnosis (International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision (ICD-10) codes: F84.0, 84.5, F84.9). In total, 4457 children aged 4-6?years were identified as having autism spectrum disorder. In 2021, 1 in 95 children aged 6?years, 1 in 115 children aged 5?years, and 1 in 130 children aged 4?years were estimated to have autism spectrum disorder in Beijing. The incidence was 0.11% in 2019 and increased to 0.18% in 2021. There has been a great emphasis on the importance of early autism spectrum disorder diagnosis in large cities in China. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613241290388 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=552 [article] Prevalence, incidence, and characteristics of autism spectrum disorder among children in Beijing, China [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Yanan ZHAO, Auteur ; Feng LU, Auteur ; Ruoxi DING, Auteur ; Dawei ZHU, Auteur ; Rong ZHANG, Auteur ; Siwei SUN, Auteur ; Ping HE, Auteur ; Xiaoying ZHENG, Auteur . - p.884-895. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 29-4 (April 2025) . - p.884-895 Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorders  diagnosis  co-occurring conditions  pre-school children  prevalence Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The prevalence of autism spectrum disorder in the world has increased over the last decade, but the prevalence, incidence, and characteristics of autism spectrum disorder in China were not well understood. Using administrative data, we aimed to estimate the prevalence and incidence of autism spectrum disorder and describe the co-occurring conditions in preschoolers in Beijing, China. The study focused on 0- to 6-year-old children with registered residence in Beijing, using cohorts derived from the Beijing Municipal Health Big Data and Policy Research Center. We conducted a detailed analysis of autism spectrum disorder prevalence among the cohorts, comparing estimates across 2 to 3?years for the same birth cohort (4?years, 5?years). For the 6-year-old cohort, we obtained 1-year prevalence estimates in 2021. Annual incidence rate was also calculated. The prevalence in 6-year-old children in 2021 was 10.5 per 1000 (95% confidence interval = 9.7-10.9). The male-to-female prevalence ratio was 4.3. Between 40% and 43% of preschool children had at least one co-occurring condition. The incidence for children 6?years old and under was 0.11% in 2019 and increased to 0.18% in 2021. Both the prevalence and incidence rates in Beijing were comparable to those reported in developed countries.Lay abstract It is the first study to explore the prevalence, incidence, and co-occurring conditions of autism spectrum disorder for the preschoolers in China. The prevalence and incidence of autism spectrum disorder has increased in recent decades. Autism spectrum disorder has become an important public concern worldwide. In this study, all hospital confirmed cases had an associated diagnosis (International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision (ICD-10) codes: F84.0, 84.5, F84.9). In total, 4457 children aged 4-6?years were identified as having autism spectrum disorder. In 2021, 1 in 95 children aged 6?years, 1 in 115 children aged 5?years, and 1 in 130 children aged 4?years were estimated to have autism spectrum disorder in Beijing. The incidence was 0.11% in 2019 and increased to 0.18% in 2021. There has been a great emphasis on the importance of early autism spectrum disorder diagnosis in large cities in China. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613241290388 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=552

The salience of competing nonsocial objects reduces gaze toward social stimuli, but not the eyes, more in typically developing than autistic boys / Xiao-E. CAI in Autism Research, 15-6 (June 2022)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 15-6 (June 2022) . - p.1043-1055 Titre : The salience of competing nonsocial objects reduces gaze toward social stimuli, but not the eyes, more in typically developing than autistic boys Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Xiao-E. CAI, Auteur ; Jiao LE, Auteur ; Xiao-Jing SHOU, Auteur ; Gao-Wa WU-YUN, Auteur ; Xiao-Xi WANG, Auteur ; Song-Ping HAN, Auteur ; Ji-Sheng HAN, Auteur ; Keith M. KENDRICK, Auteur ; Rong ZHANG, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1043-1055 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism Spectrum Disorder/psychology  Autistic Disorder  Child  Child, Preschool  Eye Movements  Eye-Tracking Technology  Humans  Male  Oxytocin  arginine-vasopressin  autism spectrum disorder  eye-tracking  salience Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Decreased attention to social information is considered an early emerging symptom of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), although the underlying causes remain controversial. Here we explored the impact of nonsocial object salience on reduced attention to social stimuli in male ASD compared with typically developing (TD) children. Correlations with blood concentrations of neuropeptides linked with social cognition were also investigated. Eye-tracking was performed in 102 preschool-aged boys (50 ASD, 52 TD) using a paradigm with social (faces) versus nonsocial (objects) stimuli presented in pairs in two conditions where nonsocial stimulus salience was varied. Basal oxytocin (OXT) and vasopressin concentrations were measured in blood. Compared with TD boys those with ASD viewed social stimuli less only when they were paired with low-salience nonsocial objects. Additionally, boys with ASD spent less time than TD ones viewing facial features, particularly the eyes. In TD boys, OXT concentrations and cognitive development scores were positively associated with time spent viewing the eye region, whereas for boys with ASD associations with time spent viewing faces were negative. Reduced gaze toward social stimuli in ASD relative to TD individuals may therefore be influenced by how salient the paired nonsocial objects are for the latter. On the other hand, reduced interest in the eyes of faces in boys with ASD is not influenced by how salient competing nonsocial stimuli are. Basal OXT concentrations and cognitive development scores are predictive of time spent viewing social stimuli in TD boys (eyes) and those with ASD (faces) but in the opposite direction. LAY SUMMARY: Children with autism exhibit reduced attention to social paired with nonsocial stimuli compared to typically developing children. Using eye-tracking we show this difference is due to typically developing rather than autistic boys being more influenced by how interesting competing nonsocial objects are. On the other hand, reduced time looking at the eyes in autistic relative to typically developing boys is unaffected by nonsocial object salience. Time spent viewing social stimuli is associated with cognitive development and blood levels of oxytocin. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2714 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=476 [article] The salience of competing nonsocial objects reduces gaze toward social stimuli, but not the eyes, more in typically developing than autistic boys [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Xiao-E. CAI, Auteur ; Jiao LE, Auteur ; Xiao-Jing SHOU, Auteur ; Gao-Wa WU-YUN, Auteur ; Xiao-Xi WANG, Auteur ; Song-Ping HAN, Auteur ; Ji-Sheng HAN, Auteur ; Keith M. KENDRICK, Auteur ; Rong ZHANG, Auteur . - p.1043-1055. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 15-6 (June 2022) . - p.1043-1055 Mots-clés : Autism Spectrum Disorder/psychology  Autistic Disorder  Child  Child, Preschool  Eye Movements  Eye-Tracking Technology  Humans  Male  Oxytocin  arginine-vasopressin  autism spectrum disorder  eye-tracking  salience Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Decreased attention to social information is considered an early emerging symptom of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), although the underlying causes remain controversial. Here we explored the impact of nonsocial object salience on reduced attention to social stimuli in male ASD compared with typically developing (TD) children. Correlations with blood concentrations of neuropeptides linked with social cognition were also investigated. Eye-tracking was performed in 102 preschool-aged boys (50 ASD, 52 TD) using a paradigm with social (faces) versus nonsocial (objects) stimuli presented in pairs in two conditions where nonsocial stimulus salience was varied. Basal oxytocin (OXT) and vasopressin concentrations were measured in blood. Compared with TD boys those with ASD viewed social stimuli less only when they were paired with low-salience nonsocial objects. Additionally, boys with ASD spent less time than TD ones viewing facial features, particularly the eyes. In TD boys, OXT concentrations and cognitive development scores were positively associated with time spent viewing the eye region, whereas for boys with ASD associations with time spent viewing faces were negative. Reduced gaze toward social stimuli in ASD relative to TD individuals may therefore be influenced by how salient the paired nonsocial objects are for the latter. On the other hand, reduced interest in the eyes of faces in boys with ASD is not influenced by how salient competing nonsocial stimuli are. Basal OXT concentrations and cognitive development scores are predictive of time spent viewing social stimuli in TD boys (eyes) and those with ASD (faces) but in the opposite direction. LAY SUMMARY: Children with autism exhibit reduced attention to social paired with nonsocial stimuli compared to typically developing children. Using eye-tracking we show this difference is due to typically developing rather than autistic boys being more influenced by how interesting competing nonsocial objects are. On the other hand, reduced time looking at the eyes in autistic relative to typically developing boys is unaffected by nonsocial object salience. Time spent viewing social stimuli is associated with cognitive development and blood levels of oxytocin. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2714 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=476

Underweight, overweight, obesity and associated factors in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder in China / Rong ZHANG ; Xiaoying ZHENG in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 115 (July 2024)  

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