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Atypical gaze patterns to facial feature areas in autism spectrum disorders reveal age and culture effects: A meta-analysis of eye-tracking studies / X. MA in Autism Research, 14-12 (December 2021)
[article]
Titre : Atypical gaze patterns to facial feature areas in autism spectrum disorders reveal age and culture effects: A meta-analysis of eye-tracking studies Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : X. MA, Auteur ; H. GU, Auteur ; J. ZHAO, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.2625-2639 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adult Autism Spectrum Disorder/complications Child Eye-Tracking Technology Facial Recognition Fixation, Ocular Humans Mouth autism spectrum disorder culture development face processing facial features meta-analysis Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Children and adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often present with atypical gaze patterns to others' faces, a finding substantiated throughout the literature. Yet, a quantification of atypical gaze patterns to different facial regions (e.g., eyes versus mouth) in ASD remains controversial. Also few study has investigated how age and culture impacted the pattern of gaze abnormalities in ASD. This research therefore conducted a meta-analysis of eye-tracking studies to evaluate age and culture effect on atypical gaze patterns of face processing in ASD. A total of 75 articles (91 studies) and 4209 individuals (ASD: 2027; controls: 2182) across all age ranges (i.e., childhood through to adulthood) from both Eastern and Western cultures were included in this meta-analysis. Individuals with ASD yielded shorter fixation durations to the eyes than individuals without ASD. Group differences in the time spent fixating on the eyes were not modulated by age, but affected by culture. Effect size in the eastern culture was larger than that in the western culture. In contrast, group differences on time spent looking at the mouth were not significant, but changed with age and modulated by culture. Relative to the neurotypical controls, Western individuals with ASD spent more time looking at the mouth from school age, whereas Eastern individuals with ASD did not gaze longer on mouth until adulthood. These results add to the body of evidence supporting atypical gaze behaviors to eyes in ASD and provide new insights into a potential mouth compensation strategy that develops with age in ASD. LAY SUMMARY: Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often show atypical gaze patterns when looking at others' faces compared to neurotypical individuals. This paper examines the role of age and culture on pattern of gaze abnormalities in individuals with ASD. Results show that reduction of gaze on eyes in ASD is stable across all ages and cultures, while increase of gaze on mouth emerges as individuals with ASD get older. The findings provide a developmental insight to the gaze patterns on the autism spectrum across culture. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2607 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=450
in Autism Research > 14-12 (December 2021) . - p.2625-2639[article] Atypical gaze patterns to facial feature areas in autism spectrum disorders reveal age and culture effects: A meta-analysis of eye-tracking studies [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / X. MA, Auteur ; H. GU, Auteur ; J. ZHAO, Auteur . - p.2625-2639.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Autism Research > 14-12 (December 2021) . - p.2625-2639
Mots-clés : Adult Autism Spectrum Disorder/complications Child Eye-Tracking Technology Facial Recognition Fixation, Ocular Humans Mouth autism spectrum disorder culture development face processing facial features meta-analysis Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Children and adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often present with atypical gaze patterns to others' faces, a finding substantiated throughout the literature. Yet, a quantification of atypical gaze patterns to different facial regions (e.g., eyes versus mouth) in ASD remains controversial. Also few study has investigated how age and culture impacted the pattern of gaze abnormalities in ASD. This research therefore conducted a meta-analysis of eye-tracking studies to evaluate age and culture effect on atypical gaze patterns of face processing in ASD. A total of 75 articles (91 studies) and 4209 individuals (ASD: 2027; controls: 2182) across all age ranges (i.e., childhood through to adulthood) from both Eastern and Western cultures were included in this meta-analysis. Individuals with ASD yielded shorter fixation durations to the eyes than individuals without ASD. Group differences in the time spent fixating on the eyes were not modulated by age, but affected by culture. Effect size in the eastern culture was larger than that in the western culture. In contrast, group differences on time spent looking at the mouth were not significant, but changed with age and modulated by culture. Relative to the neurotypical controls, Western individuals with ASD spent more time looking at the mouth from school age, whereas Eastern individuals with ASD did not gaze longer on mouth until adulthood. These results add to the body of evidence supporting atypical gaze behaviors to eyes in ASD and provide new insights into a potential mouth compensation strategy that develops with age in ASD. LAY SUMMARY: Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often show atypical gaze patterns when looking at others' faces compared to neurotypical individuals. This paper examines the role of age and culture on pattern of gaze abnormalities in individuals with ASD. Results show that reduction of gaze on eyes in ASD is stable across all ages and cultures, while increase of gaze on mouth emerges as individuals with ASD get older. The findings provide a developmental insight to the gaze patterns on the autism spectrum across culture. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2607 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=450 Brief Report: A Novel Digital Therapeutic that Combines Applied Behavior Analysis with Gaze-Contingent Eye Tracking to Improve Emotion Recognition in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder / David W. SOSNOWSKI in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 52-5 (May 2022)
[article]
Titre : Brief Report: A Novel Digital Therapeutic that Combines Applied Behavior Analysis with Gaze-Contingent Eye Tracking to Improve Emotion Recognition in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : David W. SOSNOWSKI, Auteur ; Cathleen Odar STOUGH, Auteur ; Mary Jane WEISS, Auteur ; Tahra CESSNA, Auteur ; Amy CASALE, Auteur ; Adrienne FORAN, Auteur ; Melanie ERWINSKI, Auteur ; John WILSON, Auteur ; Steven A. FARBER, Auteur ; Michael A. FARBER, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.2357-2366 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adolescent Applied Behavior Analysis Autism Spectrum Disorder/psychology/therapy Child Emotions Eye-Tracking Technology Fixation, Ocular Humans Video Games Autism spectrum disorder Digital therapeutic Emotion recognition Gaze-contingent eye tracking Video game Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This study examined the feasibility, acceptability, and efficacy of a video game-based digital therapeutic combining applied behavior analysis techniques and gaze-contingent eye tracking to target emotion recognition in youth with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Children aged 4-14 years with ASD were randomized to complete Lookware? (n=25) or a control video game (n=29). Results from a 2?*?2 mixed ANOVA revealed that children in the intervention condition demonstrated significant improvements in emotion recognition from pre- to post-intervention compared to children in the control condition, F(1,52)=17.48, p?0.001. Children and staff perceived high feasibility and acceptability of Lookware?. Study results demonstrated the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy of Lookware?. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-021-05101-w Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=476
in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 52-5 (May 2022) . - p.2357-2366[article] Brief Report: A Novel Digital Therapeutic that Combines Applied Behavior Analysis with Gaze-Contingent Eye Tracking to Improve Emotion Recognition in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / David W. SOSNOWSKI, Auteur ; Cathleen Odar STOUGH, Auteur ; Mary Jane WEISS, Auteur ; Tahra CESSNA, Auteur ; Amy CASALE, Auteur ; Adrienne FORAN, Auteur ; Melanie ERWINSKI, Auteur ; John WILSON, Auteur ; Steven A. FARBER, Auteur ; Michael A. FARBER, Auteur . - p.2357-2366.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 52-5 (May 2022) . - p.2357-2366
Mots-clés : Adolescent Applied Behavior Analysis Autism Spectrum Disorder/psychology/therapy Child Emotions Eye-Tracking Technology Fixation, Ocular Humans Video Games Autism spectrum disorder Digital therapeutic Emotion recognition Gaze-contingent eye tracking Video game Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This study examined the feasibility, acceptability, and efficacy of a video game-based digital therapeutic combining applied behavior analysis techniques and gaze-contingent eye tracking to target emotion recognition in youth with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Children aged 4-14 years with ASD were randomized to complete Lookware? (n=25) or a control video game (n=29). Results from a 2?*?2 mixed ANOVA revealed that children in the intervention condition demonstrated significant improvements in emotion recognition from pre- to post-intervention compared to children in the control condition, F(1,52)=17.48, p?0.001. Children and staff perceived high feasibility and acceptability of Lookware?. Study results demonstrated the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy of Lookware?. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-021-05101-w Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=476 A constellation of eye-tracking measures reveals social attention differences in ASD and the broad autism phenotype / Kritika NAYAR in Molecular Autism, 13 (2022)
[article]
Titre : A constellation of eye-tracking measures reveals social attention differences in ASD and the broad autism phenotype Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Kritika NAYAR, Auteur ; Frederick SHIC, Auteur ; Molly WINSTON, Auteur ; Molly LOSH, Auteur Article en page(s) : 18 p. Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Attention Autism Spectrum Disorder/diagnosis Autistic Disorder Eye-Tracking Technology Fixation, Ocular Humans Phenotype Autism spectrum disorder Broad autism phenotype Endophenotype Eye tracking Social attention Visual processing Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Social attention differences, expressed through gaze patterns, have been documented in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), with subtle differences also reported among first-degree relatives, suggesting a shared genetic link. Findings have mostly been derived from standard eye-tracking methods (total fixation count or total fixation duration). Given the dynamics of visual attention, these standard methods may obscure subtle, yet core, differences in visual attention mechanisms, particularly those presenting sub-clinically. This study applied a constellation of eye-tracking analyses to gaze data from individuals with ASD and their parents. METHODS: This study included n=156 participants across groups, including ASD (n=24) and control (n=32) groups, and parents of individuals with ASD (n=61) and control parents (n=39). A complex scene with social/non-social elements was displayed and gaze tracked via an eye tracker. Eleven analytic methods from the following categories were analyzed: (1) standard variables, (2) temporal dynamics (e.g., gaze over time), (3) fixation patterns (e.g., perseverative or regressive fixations), (4) first fixations, and (5) distribution patterns. MANOVAs, growth curve analyses, and Chi-squared tests were applied to examine group differences. Finally, group differences were examined on component scores derived from a principal component analysis (PCA) that reduced variables to distinct dimensions. RESULTS: No group differences emerged among standard, first fixation, and distribution pattern variables. Both the ASD and ASD parent groups demonstrated on average reduced social attention over time and atypical perseverative fixations. Lower social attention factor scores derived from PCA strongly differentiated the ASD and ASD parent groups from controls, with parent findings driven by the subset of parents demonstrating the broad autism phenotype. LIMITATIONS: To generalize these findings, larger sample sizes, extended viewing contexts (e.g., dynamic stimuli), and even more eye-tracking analytical methods are needed. CONCLUSIONS: Fixations over time and perseverative fixations differentiated ASD and the ASD parent groups from controls, with the PCA most robustly capturing social attention differences. Findings highlight their methodological utility in studies of the (broad) autism spectrum to capture nuanced visual attention differences that may relate to clinical symptoms in ASD, and reflect genetic liability in clinically unaffected relatives. This proof-of-concept study may inform future studies using eye tracking across populations where social attention is impacted. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-022-00490-w Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=477
in Molecular Autism > 13 (2022) . - 18 p.[article] A constellation of eye-tracking measures reveals social attention differences in ASD and the broad autism phenotype [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Kritika NAYAR, Auteur ; Frederick SHIC, Auteur ; Molly WINSTON, Auteur ; Molly LOSH, Auteur . - 18 p.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Molecular Autism > 13 (2022) . - 18 p.
Mots-clés : Attention Autism Spectrum Disorder/diagnosis Autistic Disorder Eye-Tracking Technology Fixation, Ocular Humans Phenotype Autism spectrum disorder Broad autism phenotype Endophenotype Eye tracking Social attention Visual processing Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Social attention differences, expressed through gaze patterns, have been documented in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), with subtle differences also reported among first-degree relatives, suggesting a shared genetic link. Findings have mostly been derived from standard eye-tracking methods (total fixation count or total fixation duration). Given the dynamics of visual attention, these standard methods may obscure subtle, yet core, differences in visual attention mechanisms, particularly those presenting sub-clinically. This study applied a constellation of eye-tracking analyses to gaze data from individuals with ASD and their parents. METHODS: This study included n=156 participants across groups, including ASD (n=24) and control (n=32) groups, and parents of individuals with ASD (n=61) and control parents (n=39). A complex scene with social/non-social elements was displayed and gaze tracked via an eye tracker. Eleven analytic methods from the following categories were analyzed: (1) standard variables, (2) temporal dynamics (e.g., gaze over time), (3) fixation patterns (e.g., perseverative or regressive fixations), (4) first fixations, and (5) distribution patterns. MANOVAs, growth curve analyses, and Chi-squared tests were applied to examine group differences. Finally, group differences were examined on component scores derived from a principal component analysis (PCA) that reduced variables to distinct dimensions. RESULTS: No group differences emerged among standard, first fixation, and distribution pattern variables. Both the ASD and ASD parent groups demonstrated on average reduced social attention over time and atypical perseverative fixations. Lower social attention factor scores derived from PCA strongly differentiated the ASD and ASD parent groups from controls, with parent findings driven by the subset of parents demonstrating the broad autism phenotype. LIMITATIONS: To generalize these findings, larger sample sizes, extended viewing contexts (e.g., dynamic stimuli), and even more eye-tracking analytical methods are needed. CONCLUSIONS: Fixations over time and perseverative fixations differentiated ASD and the ASD parent groups from controls, with the PCA most robustly capturing social attention differences. Findings highlight their methodological utility in studies of the (broad) autism spectrum to capture nuanced visual attention differences that may relate to clinical symptoms in ASD, and reflect genetic liability in clinically unaffected relatives. This proof-of-concept study may inform future studies using eye tracking across populations where social attention is impacted. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-022-00490-w Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=477 Eye-Tracking in Infants and Young Children at Risk for Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review of Visual Stimuli in Experimental Paradigms / A. M. MASTERGEORGE in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 51-8 (August 2021)
[article]
Titre : Eye-Tracking in Infants and Young Children at Risk for Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review of Visual Stimuli in Experimental Paradigms Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : A. M. MASTERGEORGE, Auteur ; Chanaka N. KAHATHUDUWA, Auteur ; Jessica BLUME, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.2578-2599 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism Spectrum Disorder/diagnosis Child Child, Preschool Diagnostic Techniques, Ophthalmological Eye Movements Eye-Tracking Technology Humans Infant Infant, Newborn Male Research Design Visual Perception Eye-tracking Gaze behavior Infants Screening Young children Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Eye-tracking represents a sensitive, direct measure of gaze allocation and goal-directed looking behaviors that correspond to visual information processing. Clear definitions and standardization of research protocols to document the utility and feasibility of these methods are warranted. This systematic review provides an account of stimuli dimensions and experimental paradigms used in eye-tracking research for young children at risk for ASD published from 2005 through 2019. This review identifies variability in eye-tracking protocols and heterogeneity of stimuli used for eye-tracking as factors that undermine the value of eye-tracking as an objective, reliable screening tool. We underscore the importance of sharing eye-tracking stimuli to enhance replicability of findings and more importantly the need to develop a bank of publicly available, validated stimuli. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-020-04731-w Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=452
in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 51-8 (August 2021) . - p.2578-2599[article] Eye-Tracking in Infants and Young Children at Risk for Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review of Visual Stimuli in Experimental Paradigms [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / A. M. MASTERGEORGE, Auteur ; Chanaka N. KAHATHUDUWA, Auteur ; Jessica BLUME, Auteur . - p.2578-2599.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 51-8 (August 2021) . - p.2578-2599
Mots-clés : Autism Spectrum Disorder/diagnosis Child Child, Preschool Diagnostic Techniques, Ophthalmological Eye Movements Eye-Tracking Technology Humans Infant Infant, Newborn Male Research Design Visual Perception Eye-tracking Gaze behavior Infants Screening Young children Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Eye-tracking represents a sensitive, direct measure of gaze allocation and goal-directed looking behaviors that correspond to visual information processing. Clear definitions and standardization of research protocols to document the utility and feasibility of these methods are warranted. This systematic review provides an account of stimuli dimensions and experimental paradigms used in eye-tracking research for young children at risk for ASD published from 2005 through 2019. This review identifies variability in eye-tracking protocols and heterogeneity of stimuli used for eye-tracking as factors that undermine the value of eye-tracking as an objective, reliable screening tool. We underscore the importance of sharing eye-tracking stimuli to enhance replicability of findings and more importantly the need to develop a bank of publicly available, validated stimuli. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-020-04731-w Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=452 Investigating automatic emotion processing in boys with autism via eye tracking and facial mimicry recordings / S. VAN DER DONCK in Autism Research, 14-7 (July 2021)
[article]
Titre : Investigating automatic emotion processing in boys with autism via eye tracking and facial mimicry recordings Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : S. VAN DER DONCK, Auteur ; S. VETTORI, Auteur ; M. DZHELYOVA, Auteur ; S. S. MAHDI, Auteur ; P. CLAES, Auteur ; J. STEYAERT, Auteur ; Bart BOETS, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1404-1420 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism Spectrum Disorder/complications Autistic Disorder/complications Child Emotions Eye-Tracking Technology Facial Expression Facial Recognition Humans Male autism spectrum disorder emotion processing eye tracking facial expression recognition facial mimicry Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Difficulties in automatic emotion processing in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) might remain concealed in behavioral studies due to compensatory strategies. To gain more insight in the mechanisms underlying facial emotion recognition, we recorded eye tracking and facial mimicry data of 20 school-aged boys with ASD and 20 matched typically developing controls while performing an explicit emotion recognition task. Proportional looking times to specific face regions (eyes, nose, and mouth) and face exploration dynamics were analyzed. In addition, facial mimicry was assessed. Boys with ASD and controls were equally capable to recognize expressions and did not differ in proportional looking times, and number and duration of fixations. Yet, specific facial expressions elicited particular gaze patterns, especially within the control group. Both groups showed similar face scanning dynamics, although boys with ASD demonstrated smaller saccadic amplitudes. Regarding the facial mimicry, we found no emotion specific facial responses and no group differences in the responses to the displayed facial expressions. Our results indicate that boys with and without ASD employ similar eye gaze strategies to recognize facial expressions. Smaller saccadic amplitudes in boys with ASD might indicate a less exploratory face processing strategy. Yet, this slightly more persistent visual scanning behavior in boys with ASD does not imply less efficient emotion information processing, given the similar behavioral performance. Results on the facial mimicry data indicate similar facial responses to emotional faces in boys with and without ASD. LAY SUMMARY: We investigated (i) whether boys with and without autism apply different face exploration strategies when recognizing facial expressions and (ii) whether they mimic the displayed facial expression to a similar extent. We found that boys with and without ASD recognize facial expressions equally well, and that both groups show similar facial reactions to the displayed facial emotions. Yet, boys with ASD visually explored the faces slightly less than the boys without ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2490 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=449
in Autism Research > 14-7 (July 2021) . - p.1404-1420[article] Investigating automatic emotion processing in boys with autism via eye tracking and facial mimicry recordings [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / S. VAN DER DONCK, Auteur ; S. VETTORI, Auteur ; M. DZHELYOVA, Auteur ; S. S. MAHDI, Auteur ; P. CLAES, Auteur ; J. STEYAERT, Auteur ; Bart BOETS, Auteur . - p.1404-1420.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Autism Research > 14-7 (July 2021) . - p.1404-1420
Mots-clés : Autism Spectrum Disorder/complications Autistic Disorder/complications Child Emotions Eye-Tracking Technology Facial Expression Facial Recognition Humans Male autism spectrum disorder emotion processing eye tracking facial expression recognition facial mimicry Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Difficulties in automatic emotion processing in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) might remain concealed in behavioral studies due to compensatory strategies. To gain more insight in the mechanisms underlying facial emotion recognition, we recorded eye tracking and facial mimicry data of 20 school-aged boys with ASD and 20 matched typically developing controls while performing an explicit emotion recognition task. Proportional looking times to specific face regions (eyes, nose, and mouth) and face exploration dynamics were analyzed. In addition, facial mimicry was assessed. Boys with ASD and controls were equally capable to recognize expressions and did not differ in proportional looking times, and number and duration of fixations. Yet, specific facial expressions elicited particular gaze patterns, especially within the control group. Both groups showed similar face scanning dynamics, although boys with ASD demonstrated smaller saccadic amplitudes. Regarding the facial mimicry, we found no emotion specific facial responses and no group differences in the responses to the displayed facial expressions. Our results indicate that boys with and without ASD employ similar eye gaze strategies to recognize facial expressions. Smaller saccadic amplitudes in boys with ASD might indicate a less exploratory face processing strategy. Yet, this slightly more persistent visual scanning behavior in boys with ASD does not imply less efficient emotion information processing, given the similar behavioral performance. Results on the facial mimicry data indicate similar facial responses to emotional faces in boys with and without ASD. LAY SUMMARY: We investigated (i) whether boys with and without autism apply different face exploration strategies when recognizing facial expressions and (ii) whether they mimic the displayed facial expression to a similar extent. We found that boys with and without ASD recognize facial expressions equally well, and that both groups show similar facial reactions to the displayed facial emotions. Yet, boys with ASD visually explored the faces slightly less than the boys without ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2490 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=449 Is a Negative Attentional Bias in Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder Explained by Comorbid Depression? An Eye-Tracking Study / M. Annemiek BERGMAN in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 51-11 (November 2021)
PermalinkThe autism biomarkers consortium for clinical trials: evaluation of a battery of candidate eye-tracking biomarkers for use in autism clinical trials / Frederick SHIC in Molecular Autism, 13 (2022)
PermalinkThe Effects of Storytelling With or Without Social Contextual Information Regarding Eye Gaze and Visual Attention in Children with Autistic Spectrum Disorder and Typical Development: A Randomized, Controlled Eye-Tracking Study / W. Y. F. TANG in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 52-3 (March 2022)
PermalinkVisual Preference for Biological Motion in Children and Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder: An Eye-Tracking Study / Dzmitry A. KALIUKHOVICH in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 51-7 (July 2021)
PermalinkPupillometric measures of altered stimulus-evoked locus coeruleus-norepinephrine activity explain attenuated social attention in preschoolers with autism spectrum disorder / Leonie POLZER in Autism Research, 15-11 (November 2022)
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