Elevated symptoms of executive dysfunction predict lower adaptive functioning in 3-year-olds with autism spectrum disorder / Kelly POWELL in Autism Research, 15-7 (July 2022)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 15-7 (July 2022) . - p.1336-1347 Titre : Elevated symptoms of executive dysfunction predict lower adaptive functioning in 3-year-olds with autism spectrum disorder Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Kelly POWELL, Auteur ; Suzanne L. MACARI, Auteur ; Emma BRENNAN-WYDRA, Auteur ; Hannah FEINER, Auteur ; Maureen BUTLER, Auteur ; Diogo GONCALVES FORTES, Auteur ; Alexandra BOXBERGER, Auteur ; Mariana TORRES-VISO, Auteur ; Chelsea D. MORGAN, Auteur ; Megan LYONS, Auteur ; Katarzyna CHAWARSKA, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1336-1347 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism  executive function  sibling  toddlers Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Executive functioning (EF) deficits co-occur frequently with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and have a long-term detrimental impact on quality of life of children and their families. Timely identification of risk for EF vulnerabilities may hasten access to early intervention and alleviate their long-term consequences. This study examines (1) if EF deficits are elevated in toddlers with ASD compared to nonautistic siblings of children with ASD, typically developing (TYP) toddlers, and toddlers with atypical developmental presentation; and (2) if EF deficits have a detrimental effect on adaptive functioning in ASD. Participants were recruited between September 2014 and October 2019 and included 73 toddlers with ASD, 33 nonautistic siblings of children with ASD, 35 toddlers with atypical development, and 28 TYP toddlers matched on chronological age (M = 39.01 months, SD = 3.11). EF deficits were measured using the BRIEF-P; adaptive skills were measured using the VABS-II. Whenever appropriate, analyses were controlled for MSEL verbal and nonverbal developmental quotient, ADOS-2 autism severity scores, and sex. Analyses revealed that toddlers with ASD exhibited elevated BRIEF-P scores across all domains compared to each of the three comparison groups. Higher BRIEF-P scores were associated with lower adaptive social, communication, and daily living skills while controlling for symptom severity, verbal and nonverbal functioning, and sex. In conclusion, marked vulnerabilities in EF are already present in 3-year-old toddlers with ASD and are predictive of the level of adaptive functioning in ASD. EF vulnerabilities in toddlers should be targeted for intervention to improve long-term outcomes in ASD. LAY SUMMARY: Many children with autism experience vulnerabilities in executive functioning (EF), which may include challenges with inhibition, working memory, cognitive flexibility, and planning. The study shows that these vulnerabilities can already be detected at age three and that their presence is linked with lower social, communication, and daily living skills. Screening children with ASD for EF challenges and helping those who have difficulties may improve their long-term outcomes. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2715 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=477 [article] Elevated symptoms of executive dysfunction predict lower adaptive functioning in 3-year-olds with autism spectrum disorder [texte imprimé] / Kelly POWELL, Auteur ; Suzanne L. MACARI, Auteur ; Emma BRENNAN-WYDRA, Auteur ; Hannah FEINER, Auteur ; Maureen BUTLER, Auteur ; Diogo GONCALVES FORTES, Auteur ; Alexandra BOXBERGER, Auteur ; Mariana TORRES-VISO, Auteur ; Chelsea D. MORGAN, Auteur ; Megan LYONS, Auteur ; Katarzyna CHAWARSKA, Auteur . - p.1336-1347. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 15-7 (July 2022) . - p.1336-1347 Mots-clés : autism  executive function  sibling  toddlers Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Executive functioning (EF) deficits co-occur frequently with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and have a long-term detrimental impact on quality of life of children and their families. Timely identification of risk for EF vulnerabilities may hasten access to early intervention and alleviate their long-term consequences. This study examines (1) if EF deficits are elevated in toddlers with ASD compared to nonautistic siblings of children with ASD, typically developing (TYP) toddlers, and toddlers with atypical developmental presentation; and (2) if EF deficits have a detrimental effect on adaptive functioning in ASD. Participants were recruited between September 2014 and October 2019 and included 73 toddlers with ASD, 33 nonautistic siblings of children with ASD, 35 toddlers with atypical development, and 28 TYP toddlers matched on chronological age (M = 39.01 months, SD = 3.11). EF deficits were measured using the BRIEF-P; adaptive skills were measured using the VABS-II. Whenever appropriate, analyses were controlled for MSEL verbal and nonverbal developmental quotient, ADOS-2 autism severity scores, and sex. Analyses revealed that toddlers with ASD exhibited elevated BRIEF-P scores across all domains compared to each of the three comparison groups. Higher BRIEF-P scores were associated with lower adaptive social, communication, and daily living skills while controlling for symptom severity, verbal and nonverbal functioning, and sex. In conclusion, marked vulnerabilities in EF are already present in 3-year-old toddlers with ASD and are predictive of the level of adaptive functioning in ASD. EF vulnerabilities in toddlers should be targeted for intervention to improve long-term outcomes in ASD. LAY SUMMARY: Many children with autism experience vulnerabilities in executive functioning (EF), which may include challenges with inhibition, working memory, cognitive flexibility, and planning. The study shows that these vulnerabilities can already be detected at age three and that their presence is linked with lower social, communication, and daily living skills. Screening children with ASD for EF challenges and helping those who have difficulties may improve their long-term outcomes. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2715 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=477

Face-to-face live eye-tracking in toddlers with autism: Feasibility and impact of familiarity and face covering / Maureen BUTLER ; Chitra BANARJEE ; Alexandra BOXBERGER ; Katherine ALL ; Suzanne L. MACARI ; Katarzyna CHAWARSKA in Autism Research, 17-7 (July 2024)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 17-7 (July 2024) . - p.1381-1390 Titre : Face-to-face live eye-tracking in toddlers with autism: Feasibility and impact of familiarity and face covering Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Maureen BUTLER, Auteur ; Chitra BANARJEE, Auteur ; Alexandra BOXBERGER, Auteur ; Katherine ALL, Auteur ; Suzanne L. MACARI, Auteur ; Katarzyna CHAWARSKA, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1381-1390 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract Studies utilizing eye-tracking methods have potential to promptly capture real-world dynamics of one of the core areas of vulnerability in autism spectrum disorders (ASD), selective social attention. So far, no studies have successfully reported utilizing the method to examine social attention in toddlers with neurodevelopmental vulnerabilities in real world and challenging settings such as an interactive face-to-face. This study examined the feasibility and validity of live eye-tracking method in response to live interaction occurring in several contexts in toddlers with and without ASD. Forty-seven toddlers with ASD, with atypical development (ATYP), or typically developing (TD), underwent a 30-s live eye-tracking procedure during a face-to-face interaction with a masked stranger using child-directed-speech (16 ASD, 14 ATYP, 17 TD; Mage = 23.44 months, SD = 6.02). Out of this group of toddlers, 29 (10 ASD, 8 ATYP, 11 TD, Mage = 21.97 months, SD = 5.76) underwent the same procedure with one of their maskless parent. Task completion rate, calibration accuracy, and affective response (feasibility measures) as well as attention to the task and the social partner (validity measures) were examined. Task completion rate and calibration accuracy were excellent. Despite the challenging context of face-to-face interaction, the toddlers exhibited a neutral affect, and high attention to the task and the speaker. As anticipated, toddlers with ASD looked less at the social partner compared with control groups. However, attention was comparable between the Stranger and Parent conditions, indicating that the effect was consistent regardless of presence of face covering or the familiarity of the interactive partner. The study demonstrates the high feasibility and validity of a live eye-tracking task involving face-to-face interaction in neurodiverse toddlers with social vulnerabilities. The effect of diminished attention to social partners in toddlers with autism is robust and present when interacting with an unfamiliar person and parent. The results suggest that a brief live eye-tracking method constitutes a promising ecologically valid candidate biomarker and potential intervention outcome in autism. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.3060 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=533 [article] Face-to-face live eye-tracking in toddlers with autism: Feasibility and impact of familiarity and face covering [texte imprimé] / Maureen BUTLER, Auteur ; Chitra BANARJEE, Auteur ; Alexandra BOXBERGER, Auteur ; Katherine ALL, Auteur ; Suzanne L. MACARI, Auteur ; Katarzyna CHAWARSKA, Auteur . - p.1381-1390. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 17-7 (July 2024) . - p.1381-1390 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract Studies utilizing eye-tracking methods have potential to promptly capture real-world dynamics of one of the core areas of vulnerability in autism spectrum disorders (ASD), selective social attention. So far, no studies have successfully reported utilizing the method to examine social attention in toddlers with neurodevelopmental vulnerabilities in real world and challenging settings such as an interactive face-to-face. This study examined the feasibility and validity of live eye-tracking method in response to live interaction occurring in several contexts in toddlers with and without ASD. Forty-seven toddlers with ASD, with atypical development (ATYP), or typically developing (TD), underwent a 30-s live eye-tracking procedure during a face-to-face interaction with a masked stranger using child-directed-speech (16 ASD, 14 ATYP, 17 TD; Mage = 23.44 months, SD = 6.02). Out of this group of toddlers, 29 (10 ASD, 8 ATYP, 11 TD, Mage = 21.97 months, SD = 5.76) underwent the same procedure with one of their maskless parent. Task completion rate, calibration accuracy, and affective response (feasibility measures) as well as attention to the task and the social partner (validity measures) were examined. Task completion rate and calibration accuracy were excellent. Despite the challenging context of face-to-face interaction, the toddlers exhibited a neutral affect, and high attention to the task and the speaker. As anticipated, toddlers with ASD looked less at the social partner compared with control groups. However, attention was comparable between the Stranger and Parent conditions, indicating that the effect was consistent regardless of presence of face covering or the familiarity of the interactive partner. The study demonstrates the high feasibility and validity of a live eye-tracking task involving face-to-face interaction in neurodiverse toddlers with social vulnerabilities. The effect of diminished attention to social partners in toddlers with autism is robust and present when interacting with an unfamiliar person and parent. The results suggest that a brief live eye-tracking method constitutes a promising ecologically valid candidate biomarker and potential intervention outcome in autism. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.3060 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=533

Functional connectivity patterns differ as a function of co-occurring attentional problems in preschoolers with autism / Alex BOXBERGER in Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders, 17 (2025)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders > 17 (2025) Titre : Functional connectivity patterns differ as a function of co-occurring attentional problems in preschoolers with autism Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Alex BOXBERGER, Auteur ; Bosi CHEN, Auteur ; Lindsay OLSON, Auteur ; Michaela CORDOVA, Auteur ; Judy MAHMALJI, Auteur ; Adriana RIOS, Auteur ; Annika C. LINKE, Auteur ; Inna FISHMAN, Auteur Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Humans  Child, Preschool  Male  Female  Autism Spectrum Disorder/physiopathology/diagnostic imaging/complications  Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/physiopathology/diagnostic  imaging/complications/epidemiology  Magnetic Resonance Imaging  Infant  Connectome  Brain/physiopathology/diagnostic imaging  Nerve Net/physiopathology/diagnostic imaging  Child Development/physiology  Attention  Autism spectrum  Early development  Functional MRI  Network connectivity  was approved by the institutional review boards of the University of California  San Diego and San Diego State University (Joint Review IRB #151091). Informed  consent was obtained from caregivers of all children included in the study.  Consent for publication: Not applicable. Competing interests: The authors declare  no competing interests. Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are common in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and are associated with greater developmental challenges, poorer clinical outcomes, and alterations in functional connectivity (FC) of the brain. However, despite the consensus that ASD and other neurodevelopmental conditions emerge early in life, little is known about the trajectories of brain and behavioral development during the first years of life in children with ASD and co-occurring attention problems (AP). METHODS: In a sample of 122 young children (ages 1.5-5 years) with and without ASD, we examined whether toddlers and preschoolers with ASD and co-occurring AP already differ from peers with ASD without co-occurring AP on adaptive and developmental skills, ASD symptoms, and FC of the frontoparietal and salience networks, which have been previously linked to ADHD symptoms in older children with ASD and ADHD. RESULTS: Results of general linear model analyses revealed lower developmental and adaptive skills across multiple domains in children with ASD and elevated AP compared with their peers with lower AP, despite equivalent levels of ASD symptoms. Further, children with ASD and elevated AP showed reduced FC within the frontoparietal network (p = .027), between the frontoparietal and language networks (p = .004), and the frontoparietal and default mode networks (p = .046) in comparison to their peers with lower AP. No group differences in FC of the salience network were observed (all p > .05). CONCLUSIONS: These findings provide evidence that neurodevelopmental and behavioral differences in children with ASD and co-occurring AP emerge very early in life, before a reliable diagnosis of ADHD is typically made. Specifically, these results demonstrate that early inattention symptoms are associated with unique connectivity patterns in executive circuitry as early as the first years of life in toddlers and preschoolers with ASD, likely contributing to the phenotypic and neural heterogeneity recognized in autism. Thus, our results underscore the importance of considering co-occurring conditions early in developmental research and clinical care, as further understanding these trajectories can inform early interventions during the critical time period when they have the greatest potential for positive impact. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s11689-025-09650-4 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=576 [article] Functional connectivity patterns differ as a function of co-occurring attentional problems in preschoolers with autism [texte imprimé] / Alex BOXBERGER, Auteur ; Bosi CHEN, Auteur ; Lindsay OLSON, Auteur ; Michaela CORDOVA, Auteur ; Judy MAHMALJI, Auteur ; Adriana RIOS, Auteur ; Annika C. LINKE, Auteur ; Inna FISHMAN, Auteur. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders > 17 (2025) Mots-clés : Humans  Child, Preschool  Male  Female  Autism Spectrum Disorder/physiopathology/diagnostic imaging/complications  Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/physiopathology/diagnostic  imaging/complications/epidemiology  Magnetic Resonance Imaging  Infant  Connectome  Brain/physiopathology/diagnostic imaging  Nerve Net/physiopathology/diagnostic imaging  Child Development/physiology  Attention  Autism spectrum  Early development  Functional MRI  Network connectivity  was approved by the institutional review boards of the University of California  San Diego and San Diego State University (Joint Review IRB #151091). Informed  consent was obtained from caregivers of all children included in the study.  Consent for publication: Not applicable. Competing interests: The authors declare  no competing interests. Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are common in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and are associated with greater developmental challenges, poorer clinical outcomes, and alterations in functional connectivity (FC) of the brain. However, despite the consensus that ASD and other neurodevelopmental conditions emerge early in life, little is known about the trajectories of brain and behavioral development during the first years of life in children with ASD and co-occurring attention problems (AP). METHODS: In a sample of 122 young children (ages 1.5-5 years) with and without ASD, we examined whether toddlers and preschoolers with ASD and co-occurring AP already differ from peers with ASD without co-occurring AP on adaptive and developmental skills, ASD symptoms, and FC of the frontoparietal and salience networks, which have been previously linked to ADHD symptoms in older children with ASD and ADHD. RESULTS: Results of general linear model analyses revealed lower developmental and adaptive skills across multiple domains in children with ASD and elevated AP compared with their peers with lower AP, despite equivalent levels of ASD symptoms. Further, children with ASD and elevated AP showed reduced FC within the frontoparietal network (p = .027), between the frontoparietal and language networks (p = .004), and the frontoparietal and default mode networks (p = .046) in comparison to their peers with lower AP. No group differences in FC of the salience network were observed (all p > .05). CONCLUSIONS: These findings provide evidence that neurodevelopmental and behavioral differences in children with ASD and co-occurring AP emerge very early in life, before a reliable diagnosis of ADHD is typically made. Specifically, these results demonstrate that early inattention symptoms are associated with unique connectivity patterns in executive circuitry as early as the first years of life in toddlers and preschoolers with ASD, likely contributing to the phenotypic and neural heterogeneity recognized in autism. Thus, our results underscore the importance of considering co-occurring conditions early in developmental research and clinical care, as further understanding these trajectories can inform early interventions during the critical time period when they have the greatest potential for positive impact. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s11689-025-09650-4 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=576

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