How 18-month-olds with Later Autism Look at Other Children Interacting: The Timing of Gaze Allocation / Charlotte VIKTORSSON in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 54-11 (November)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 54-11 (November) . - p.4091-4101 Titre : How 18-month-olds with Later Autism Look at Other Children Interacting: The Timing of Gaze Allocation Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Charlotte VIKTORSSON, Auteur ; Sven BÖLTE, Auteur ; Terje FALCK-YTTER, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.4091-4101 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : When observing other people during naturally paced and dynamic interactions, it is essential to look at specific locations at the right time to extract a maximum of socially informative content. In this study, we aimed to investigate the looking behavior of typically developing toddlers and toddlers later diagnosed with autism when observing other children interact. The sample consisted of 98 toddlers; 22 in a low-likelihood of autism group, 60 in an elevated likelihood of autism group who did not receive a subsequent diagnosis, and 16 in an elevated likelihood group who did receive an autism diagnosis. Participants performed an eye tracking task at 18 months of age and were assessed for diagnostic outcome at 36 months. The video stimuli consisted of two children interacting, where a boy reaches out for a toy and a girl refuses to give it to him. The low likelihood group showed an expected increase in ratio of looking at the girl?s face after the boy requested the toy, as compared to before (t(21) = -3.337, p = .003). Toddlers with later autism showed a significantly lower ratio of looking at the girl?s face during this time window, as compared to the other groups (F(2,91) = 3.698, p = .029). These findings provide new leads on how social gaze may be different in children with autism in everyday life (e.g., kindergarten), and highlight the need of studying the dynamics of gaze on short time scales. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-023-06118-z Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=537 [article] How 18-month-olds with Later Autism Look at Other Children Interacting: The Timing of Gaze Allocation [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Charlotte VIKTORSSON, Auteur ; Sven BÖLTE, Auteur ; Terje FALCK-YTTER, Auteur . - p.4091-4101. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 54-11 (November) . - p.4091-4101 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : When observing other people during naturally paced and dynamic interactions, it is essential to look at specific locations at the right time to extract a maximum of socially informative content. In this study, we aimed to investigate the looking behavior of typically developing toddlers and toddlers later diagnosed with autism when observing other children interact. The sample consisted of 98 toddlers; 22 in a low-likelihood of autism group, 60 in an elevated likelihood of autism group who did not receive a subsequent diagnosis, and 16 in an elevated likelihood group who did receive an autism diagnosis. Participants performed an eye tracking task at 18 months of age and were assessed for diagnostic outcome at 36 months. The video stimuli consisted of two children interacting, where a boy reaches out for a toy and a girl refuses to give it to him. The low likelihood group showed an expected increase in ratio of looking at the girl?s face after the boy requested the toy, as compared to before (t(21) = -3.337, p = .003). Toddlers with later autism showed a significantly lower ratio of looking at the girl?s face during this time window, as compared to the other groups (F(2,91) = 3.698, p = .029). These findings provide new leads on how social gaze may be different in children with autism in everyday life (e.g., kindergarten), and highlight the need of studying the dynamics of gaze on short time scales. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-023-06118-z Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=537

Preferential looking to eyes versus mouth in early infancy: heritability and link to concurrent and later development / Charlotte VIKTORSSON in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 64-2 (February 2023)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 64-2 (February 2023) . - p.311-319 Titre : Preferential looking to eyes versus mouth in early infancy: heritability and link to concurrent and later development Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Charlotte VIKTORSSON, Auteur ; Ana Maria PORTUGAL, Auteur ; Danyang LI, Auteur ; Maja RUDLING, Auteur ; Monica SIQUEIROS SANCHEZ, Auteur ; Kristiina TAMMIMIES, Auteur ; Mark J. TAYLOR, Auteur ; Angelica RONALD, Auteur ; Terje FALCK-YTTER, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.311-319 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background From birth, infants orient preferentially to faces, and when looking at the face, they attend primarily to eyes and mouth. These areas convey different types of information, and earlier research suggests that genetic factors influence the preference for one or the other in young children. Methods In a sample of 535 5-month-old infant twins, we assessed eye (relative to mouth) preference in early infancy, i.e., before neural systems for social communication and language are fully developed. We investigated the contribution of genetic and environmental factors to the preference for looking at eyes, and the association with concurrent traits and follow-up measures. Results Eye preference was independent from all other concurrent traits measured, and had a moderate-to-high contribution from genetic influences (A = 0.57; 95% CI: 0.45, 0.66). Preference for eyes at 5 months was associated with higher parent ratings of receptive vocabulary at 14 months. No statistically significant association with later autistic traits was found. Preference for eyes was strikingly stable across different stimulus types (e.g., dynamic vs. still), suggesting that infants' preference at this age does not reflect sensitivity to low-level visual cues. Conclusions These results suggest that individual differences in infants' preferential looking to eyes versus mouth to a substantial degree reflect genetic variation. The findings provide new leads on both the perceptual basis and the developmental consequences of these attentional biases. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13724 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=492 [article] Preferential looking to eyes versus mouth in early infancy: heritability and link to concurrent and later development [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Charlotte VIKTORSSON, Auteur ; Ana Maria PORTUGAL, Auteur ; Danyang LI, Auteur ; Maja RUDLING, Auteur ; Monica SIQUEIROS SANCHEZ, Auteur ; Kristiina TAMMIMIES, Auteur ; Mark J. TAYLOR, Auteur ; Angelica RONALD, Auteur ; Terje FALCK-YTTER, Auteur . - p.311-319. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 64-2 (February 2023) . - p.311-319 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background From birth, infants orient preferentially to faces, and when looking at the face, they attend primarily to eyes and mouth. These areas convey different types of information, and earlier research suggests that genetic factors influence the preference for one or the other in young children. Methods In a sample of 535 5-month-old infant twins, we assessed eye (relative to mouth) preference in early infancy, i.e., before neural systems for social communication and language are fully developed. We investigated the contribution of genetic and environmental factors to the preference for looking at eyes, and the association with concurrent traits and follow-up measures. Results Eye preference was independent from all other concurrent traits measured, and had a moderate-to-high contribution from genetic influences (A = 0.57; 95% CI: 0.45, 0.66). Preference for eyes at 5 months was associated with higher parent ratings of receptive vocabulary at 14 months. No statistically significant association with later autistic traits was found. Preference for eyes was strikingly stable across different stimulus types (e.g., dynamic vs. still), suggesting that infants' preference at this age does not reflect sensitivity to low-level visual cues. Conclusions These results suggest that individual differences in infants' preferential looking to eyes versus mouth to a substantial degree reflect genetic variation. The findings provide new leads on both the perceptual basis and the developmental consequences of these attentional biases. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13724 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=492

Pupil size and pupillary light reflex in early infancy: heritability and link to genetic liability to schizophrenia / Ana Maria PORTUGAL in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 63-9 (September 2022)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 63-9 (September 2022) . - p.1068-1077 Titre : Pupil size and pupillary light reflex in early infancy: heritability and link to genetic liability to schizophrenia Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Ana Maria PORTUGAL, Auteur ; Mark J. TAYLOR, Auteur ; Charlotte VIKTORSSON, Auteur ; Pär NYSTROM, Auteur ; Danyang LI, Auteur ; Kristiina TAMMIMIES, Auteur ; Angelica RONALD, Auteur ; Terje FALCK-YTTER, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1068-1077 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism Spectrum Disorder  Depressive Disorder, Major  Humans  Infant  Pupil/physiology  Reflex, Pupillary/physiology  Schizophrenia/genetics  Pupillometry  infancy  polygenic risk scores  pupillary light reflex  schizophrenia  twin design Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Measures based on pupillometry, such as the pupillary light reflex (PLR) and baseline pupil size, reflect physiological responses linked to specific neural circuits that have been implicated as atypical in some psychiatric and neurodevelopmental conditions. METHODS: We investigated the contribution of genetic and environmental factors to the baseline pupil size and the PLR in 510 infant twins assessed at 5months of age (281 monozygotic and 229 dizygotic pairs), and its associations with common genetic variants associated with neurodevelopmental (autism spectrum disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder) and mental health (bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder and schizophrenia) conditions using genome-wide polygenic scores (GPSs). RESULTS: Univariate twin modelling showed high heritability at 5months for both pupil size (h(2) =.64) and constriction in response to light (h(2) =.62), and bivariate twin modeling indicated substantial independence between the genetic factors influencing each (r(G) =.38). A statistically significant positive association between infant tonic pupil size and the GPS for schizophrenia was found (Î2=.15, p=.024), while there was no significant association with the GPS for autism or any other GPSs. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that some pupil measures are highly heritable in early infancy, although substantially independent in their genetic etiologies, and associated with common genetic variants linked to schizophrenia. It illustrates how genetically informed studies of infants may help us understand early physiological responses associated with psychiatric disorders which emerge much later in life. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13564 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=486 [article] Pupil size and pupillary light reflex in early infancy: heritability and link to genetic liability to schizophrenia [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Ana Maria PORTUGAL, Auteur ; Mark J. TAYLOR, Auteur ; Charlotte VIKTORSSON, Auteur ; Pär NYSTROM, Auteur ; Danyang LI, Auteur ; Kristiina TAMMIMIES, Auteur ; Angelica RONALD, Auteur ; Terje FALCK-YTTER, Auteur . - p.1068-1077. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 63-9 (September 2022) . - p.1068-1077 Mots-clés : Autism Spectrum Disorder  Depressive Disorder, Major  Humans  Infant  Pupil/physiology  Reflex, Pupillary/physiology  Schizophrenia/genetics  Pupillometry  infancy  polygenic risk scores  pupillary light reflex  schizophrenia  twin design Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Measures based on pupillometry, such as the pupillary light reflex (PLR) and baseline pupil size, reflect physiological responses linked to specific neural circuits that have been implicated as atypical in some psychiatric and neurodevelopmental conditions. METHODS: We investigated the contribution of genetic and environmental factors to the baseline pupil size and the PLR in 510 infant twins assessed at 5months of age (281 monozygotic and 229 dizygotic pairs), and its associations with common genetic variants associated with neurodevelopmental (autism spectrum disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder) and mental health (bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder and schizophrenia) conditions using genome-wide polygenic scores (GPSs). RESULTS: Univariate twin modelling showed high heritability at 5months for both pupil size (h(2) =.64) and constriction in response to light (h(2) =.62), and bivariate twin modeling indicated substantial independence between the genetic factors influencing each (r(G) =.38). A statistically significant positive association between infant tonic pupil size and the GPS for schizophrenia was found (Î2=.15, p=.024), while there was no significant association with the GPS for autism or any other GPSs. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that some pupil measures are highly heritable in early infancy, although substantially independent in their genetic etiologies, and associated with common genetic variants linked to schizophrenia. It illustrates how genetically informed studies of infants may help us understand early physiological responses associated with psychiatric disorders which emerge much later in life. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13564 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=486

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