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Larger pupil dilation to nonsocial sounds in infants with subsequent autism diagnosis / Maja RUDLING in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 63-7 (July 2022)
[article]
Titre : Larger pupil dilation to nonsocial sounds in infants with subsequent autism diagnosis Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Maja RUDLING, Auteur ; Pär NYSTRÖM, Auteur ; Sven BÖLTE, Auteur ; Terje FALCK-YTTER, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.793-801 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Attention/physiology Auditory Perception/physiology Autism Spectrum Disorder/diagnosis Autistic Disorder Female Humans Infant Pupil/physiology Autism spectrum disorder auditory attention infancy pupil dilation Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Studies of infants with an elevated likelihood of autism spectrum disorder can identify basic developmental processes that are associated with subsequently emerging clinical symptoms. Atypical responsiveness to sounds in infancy is such a potential early marker of autism. Here, we used pupillometry to quantify reactivity to social and nonsocial sounds in infants with a subsequent diagnosis. Previous research suggest that pupil dilation reflects attentional alerting, and link it to the locus coeruleus norepinephrine system. METHODS: We measured pupil dilation responses to child-directed speech and the sound of running water; sounds infants often hear in their everyday life. The final sample consisted of 99 ten-month-old infants (52 girls), of whom 68 had an elevated likelihood of autism and 31 were typically developing low-likelihood infants. At follow-up (36?months of age), 18 children in the elevated-likelihood group were diagnosed with autism. RESULTS: Compared to infants without diagnosis, the infants who were subsequently diagnosed with autism had larger pupil dilation when listening to nonsocial sounds, while reactivity to speech was strikingly similar between groups. In the total sample, more pupil dilation to the nonsocial sound was associated with higher levels of autistic symptoms. We also found that on a trial-by-trial basis, across all conditions and groups, more pupil dilation was associated with making fewer gaze shifts. CONCLUSIONS: This study did not find evidence of atypical pupillary reactivity to child-directed speech early in life in autism. Instead, the results suggest that certain nonsocial sounds elicit atypically strong alerting responses in infants with a subsequent autism diagnosis. These findings may have important theoretical and clinical implications. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13520 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=477
in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 63-7 (July 2022) . - p.793-801[article] Larger pupil dilation to nonsocial sounds in infants with subsequent autism diagnosis [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Maja RUDLING, Auteur ; Pär NYSTRÖM, Auteur ; Sven BÖLTE, Auteur ; Terje FALCK-YTTER, Auteur . - p.793-801.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 63-7 (July 2022) . - p.793-801
Mots-clés : Attention/physiology Auditory Perception/physiology Autism Spectrum Disorder/diagnosis Autistic Disorder Female Humans Infant Pupil/physiology Autism spectrum disorder auditory attention infancy pupil dilation Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Studies of infants with an elevated likelihood of autism spectrum disorder can identify basic developmental processes that are associated with subsequently emerging clinical symptoms. Atypical responsiveness to sounds in infancy is such a potential early marker of autism. Here, we used pupillometry to quantify reactivity to social and nonsocial sounds in infants with a subsequent diagnosis. Previous research suggest that pupil dilation reflects attentional alerting, and link it to the locus coeruleus norepinephrine system. METHODS: We measured pupil dilation responses to child-directed speech and the sound of running water; sounds infants often hear in their everyday life. The final sample consisted of 99 ten-month-old infants (52 girls), of whom 68 had an elevated likelihood of autism and 31 were typically developing low-likelihood infants. At follow-up (36?months of age), 18 children in the elevated-likelihood group were diagnosed with autism. RESULTS: Compared to infants without diagnosis, the infants who were subsequently diagnosed with autism had larger pupil dilation when listening to nonsocial sounds, while reactivity to speech was strikingly similar between groups. In the total sample, more pupil dilation to the nonsocial sound was associated with higher levels of autistic symptoms. We also found that on a trial-by-trial basis, across all conditions and groups, more pupil dilation was associated with making fewer gaze shifts. CONCLUSIONS: This study did not find evidence of atypical pupillary reactivity to child-directed speech early in life in autism. Instead, the results suggest that certain nonsocial sounds elicit atypically strong alerting responses in infants with a subsequent autism diagnosis. These findings may have important theoretical and clinical implications. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13520 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=477 Pupil size and pupillary light reflex in early infancy: heritability and link to genetic liability to schizophrenia / Ana Maria PORTUGAL in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 63-9 (September 2022)
[article]
Titre : Pupil size and pupillary light reflex in early infancy: heritability and link to genetic liability to schizophrenia Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Ana Maria PORTUGAL, Auteur ; Mark J. TAYLOR, Auteur ; Charlotte VIKTORSSON, Auteur ; Pär NYSTROM, Auteur ; Danyang LI, Auteur ; Kristiina TAMMIMIES, Auteur ; Angelica RONALD, Auteur ; Terje FALCK-YTTER, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1068-1077 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism Spectrum Disorder Depressive Disorder, Major Humans Infant Pupil/physiology Reflex, Pupillary/physiology Schizophrenia/genetics Pupillometry infancy polygenic risk scores pupillary light reflex schizophrenia twin design Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Measures based on pupillometry, such as the pupillary light reflex (PLR) and baseline pupil size, reflect physiological responses linked to specific neural circuits that have been implicated as atypical in some psychiatric and neurodevelopmental conditions. METHODS: We investigated the contribution of genetic and environmental factors to the baseline pupil size and the PLR in 510 infant twins assessed at 5months of age (281 monozygotic and 229 dizygotic pairs), and its associations with common genetic variants associated with neurodevelopmental (autism spectrum disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder) and mental health (bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder and schizophrenia) conditions using genome-wide polygenic scores (GPSs). RESULTS: Univariate twin modelling showed high heritability at 5months for both pupil size (h(2) =.64) and constriction in response to light (h(2) =.62), and bivariate twin modeling indicated substantial independence between the genetic factors influencing each (r(G) =.38). A statistically significant positive association between infant tonic pupil size and the GPS for schizophrenia was found (Î2=.15, p=.024), while there was no significant association with the GPS for autism or any other GPSs. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that some pupil measures are highly heritable in early infancy, although substantially independent in their genetic etiologies, and associated with common genetic variants linked to schizophrenia. It illustrates how genetically informed studies of infants may help us understand early physiological responses associated with psychiatric disorders which emerge much later in life. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13564 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=486
in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 63-9 (September 2022) . - p.1068-1077[article] Pupil size and pupillary light reflex in early infancy: heritability and link to genetic liability to schizophrenia [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Ana Maria PORTUGAL, Auteur ; Mark J. TAYLOR, Auteur ; Charlotte VIKTORSSON, Auteur ; Pär NYSTROM, Auteur ; Danyang LI, Auteur ; Kristiina TAMMIMIES, Auteur ; Angelica RONALD, Auteur ; Terje FALCK-YTTER, Auteur . - p.1068-1077.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 63-9 (September 2022) . - p.1068-1077
Mots-clés : Autism Spectrum Disorder Depressive Disorder, Major Humans Infant Pupil/physiology Reflex, Pupillary/physiology Schizophrenia/genetics Pupillometry infancy polygenic risk scores pupillary light reflex schizophrenia twin design Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Measures based on pupillometry, such as the pupillary light reflex (PLR) and baseline pupil size, reflect physiological responses linked to specific neural circuits that have been implicated as atypical in some psychiatric and neurodevelopmental conditions. METHODS: We investigated the contribution of genetic and environmental factors to the baseline pupil size and the PLR in 510 infant twins assessed at 5months of age (281 monozygotic and 229 dizygotic pairs), and its associations with common genetic variants associated with neurodevelopmental (autism spectrum disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder) and mental health (bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder and schizophrenia) conditions using genome-wide polygenic scores (GPSs). RESULTS: Univariate twin modelling showed high heritability at 5months for both pupil size (h(2) =.64) and constriction in response to light (h(2) =.62), and bivariate twin modeling indicated substantial independence between the genetic factors influencing each (r(G) =.38). A statistically significant positive association between infant tonic pupil size and the GPS for schizophrenia was found (Î2=.15, p=.024), while there was no significant association with the GPS for autism or any other GPSs. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that some pupil measures are highly heritable in early infancy, although substantially independent in their genetic etiologies, and associated with common genetic variants linked to schizophrenia. It illustrates how genetically informed studies of infants may help us understand early physiological responses associated with psychiatric disorders which emerge much later in life. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13564 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=486 Resting and Functional Pupil Response Metrics Indicate Features of Reward Sensitivity and ASD in Children / A. S. DICRISCIO in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 51-7 (July 2021)
[article]
Titre : Resting and Functional Pupil Response Metrics Indicate Features of Reward Sensitivity and ASD in Children Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : A. S. DICRISCIO, Auteur ; V. TROIANI, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.2416-2435 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adolescent Autism Spectrum Disorder/physiopathology/psychology Benchmarking Biological Variation, Population Child Child, Preschool Female Humans Individuality Intelligence Logistic Models Male Punishment/psychology Pupil/physiology Rest Reward Sex Factors Autism spectrum disorder Individual differences Motivation Punishment sensitivity Pupillometry Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The current study examined the relationship between quantitative measures of reward and punishment sensitivity, features of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and resting and functional pupil response metrics across a clinically heterogeneous sample. Scores on a parent-report measure of punishment and reward sensitivity were correlated with ASD features. We also assessed whether pupil measurements could be used as a physiologic correlate of reward sensitivity and predictor of ASD diagnosis. In a logistic regression model, pupil dilation metrics, sex, and IQ, correctly classified 86.3% of participants as having an ASD diagnosis versus not. This research highlights individual differences of reward sensitivity associated with ASD features. Results support the use of pupil metrics and other patient-level variables as predictors of ASD diagnostic status. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-020-04721-y Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=452
in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 51-7 (July 2021) . - p.2416-2435[article] Resting and Functional Pupil Response Metrics Indicate Features of Reward Sensitivity and ASD in Children [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / A. S. DICRISCIO, Auteur ; V. TROIANI, Auteur . - p.2416-2435.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 51-7 (July 2021) . - p.2416-2435
Mots-clés : Adolescent Autism Spectrum Disorder/physiopathology/psychology Benchmarking Biological Variation, Population Child Child, Preschool Female Humans Individuality Intelligence Logistic Models Male Punishment/psychology Pupil/physiology Rest Reward Sex Factors Autism spectrum disorder Individual differences Motivation Punishment sensitivity Pupillometry Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The current study examined the relationship between quantitative measures of reward and punishment sensitivity, features of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and resting and functional pupil response metrics across a clinically heterogeneous sample. Scores on a parent-report measure of punishment and reward sensitivity were correlated with ASD features. We also assessed whether pupil measurements could be used as a physiologic correlate of reward sensitivity and predictor of ASD diagnosis. In a logistic regression model, pupil dilation metrics, sex, and IQ, correctly classified 86.3% of participants as having an ASD diagnosis versus not. This research highlights individual differences of reward sensitivity associated with ASD features. Results support the use of pupil metrics and other patient-level variables as predictors of ASD diagnostic status. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-020-04721-y Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=452 Arousal-modulated memory encoding and retrieval in adults with autism spectrum disorder / Nico BAST in Autism Research, 15-9 (September 2022)
[article]
Titre : Arousal-modulated memory encoding and retrieval in adults with autism spectrum disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Nico BAST, Auteur ; Sebastian B. GAIGG, Auteur ; Dermot M. BOWLER, Auteur ; Veit ROESSNER, Auteur ; Christine M. FREITAG, Auteur ; Melanie RING, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1609-1620 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adult Arousal/physiology Autism Spectrum Disorder/complications Humans Locus Coeruleus Pupil/physiology Recognition, Psychology Asd locus coeruleus-norepinephrine system memory pupillometry Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Recently, we have shown that pupil dilation during a recognition memory task can serve as an index of memory retrieval difficulties in autism. At the time of publication, we were unaware of specific data-analysis methods that can be used to shed further light on the origins of such memory related pupil dilation. Specifically, by distinguishing "tonic" from "phasic" changes in pupil dilation and considering their temporal progression, it is possible to draw inferences about the functional integrity of a locus coeruleus-norepinephrine system (LC-NE) that is known to play a key role in regulating memory encoding and retrieval processes. We therefore apply these analyses to our previously published eye-tracking data of adults with ASD (NÂ =Â 24) and neurotypical development (TD, NÂ =Â 30) during the recognition memory task. In this re-analysis, we related pupil dilation during encoding and retrieval to recognition accuracy in a per-trial analysis of linear mixed models. In ASD, we replicated attenuated recognition accuracy, which was accompanied by attenuated pupil dilation during encoding and retrieval. Group differences in pupil dilation during retrieval occurred late during the trial (after 1.75s) and indicated an altered top-down processing like attenuated attribution of semantic salience in response to previously encoded stimuli. In addition, only in the ASD group were higher pupil dilation during encoding and lower pupil dilation during retrieval associated with decreased recognition accuracy. This supports altered modulation of memory encoding and retrieval in ASD, with LC-NE phasic activity as promising underlying mechanism. LAY SUMMARY: We investigated the changes of pupil size during memory testing in autism spectrum disorder. Adults with ASD remembered fewer items correctly than neurotypical individuals (TD). This reduced memory was related to increased pupillary responses at study and decreased pupil dilation at test only for adults with ASD indicating a different modulation of memory by the locus coeruleus. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2784 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=483
in Autism Research > 15-9 (September 2022) . - p.1609-1620[article] Arousal-modulated memory encoding and retrieval in adults with autism spectrum disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Nico BAST, Auteur ; Sebastian B. GAIGG, Auteur ; Dermot M. BOWLER, Auteur ; Veit ROESSNER, Auteur ; Christine M. FREITAG, Auteur ; Melanie RING, Auteur . - p.1609-1620.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Autism Research > 15-9 (September 2022) . - p.1609-1620
Mots-clés : Adult Arousal/physiology Autism Spectrum Disorder/complications Humans Locus Coeruleus Pupil/physiology Recognition, Psychology Asd locus coeruleus-norepinephrine system memory pupillometry Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Recently, we have shown that pupil dilation during a recognition memory task can serve as an index of memory retrieval difficulties in autism. At the time of publication, we were unaware of specific data-analysis methods that can be used to shed further light on the origins of such memory related pupil dilation. Specifically, by distinguishing "tonic" from "phasic" changes in pupil dilation and considering their temporal progression, it is possible to draw inferences about the functional integrity of a locus coeruleus-norepinephrine system (LC-NE) that is known to play a key role in regulating memory encoding and retrieval processes. We therefore apply these analyses to our previously published eye-tracking data of adults with ASD (NÂ =Â 24) and neurotypical development (TD, NÂ =Â 30) during the recognition memory task. In this re-analysis, we related pupil dilation during encoding and retrieval to recognition accuracy in a per-trial analysis of linear mixed models. In ASD, we replicated attenuated recognition accuracy, which was accompanied by attenuated pupil dilation during encoding and retrieval. Group differences in pupil dilation during retrieval occurred late during the trial (after 1.75s) and indicated an altered top-down processing like attenuated attribution of semantic salience in response to previously encoded stimuli. In addition, only in the ASD group were higher pupil dilation during encoding and lower pupil dilation during retrieval associated with decreased recognition accuracy. This supports altered modulation of memory encoding and retrieval in ASD, with LC-NE phasic activity as promising underlying mechanism. LAY SUMMARY: We investigated the changes of pupil size during memory testing in autism spectrum disorder. Adults with ASD remembered fewer items correctly than neurotypical individuals (TD). This reduced memory was related to increased pupillary responses at study and decreased pupil dilation at test only for adults with ASD indicating a different modulation of memory by the locus coeruleus. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2784 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=483 Others' emotions teach, but not in autism: an eye-tracking pupillometry study / H. J. NUSKE in Molecular Autism, 7 (2016)
[article]
Titre : Others' emotions teach, but not in autism: an eye-tracking pupillometry study Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : H. J. NUSKE, Auteur ; G. VIVANTI, Auteur ; Cheryl DISSANAYAKE, Auteur Article en page(s) : 36p. Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Attention Autistic Disorder/physiopathology Child, Preschool Emotions/physiology Facial Expression Female Humans Male Pupil/physiology Autism Autonomic nervous system Emotion Eye-tracking pupillometry Social learning Social-emotional calibration Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Much research has investigated deficit in emotional reactivity to others in people with autism, but scant attention has been paid to how this deficit affects their own reactions to features of their environment (objects, events, practices, etc.). The present study presents a preliminary analysis on whether calibrating one's own emotional reactions to others' emotional reactions about features of the world, a process we term social-emotional calibration, is disrupted in autism. METHODS: To examine this process, we used a novel eye-tracking pupillometry paradigm in which we showed 20 preschoolers with autism and 20 matched typically developing preschoolers' videos of an actor opening a box and reacting to the occluded object inside, with fear or happiness. We expected preschoolers to come to perceive the box as containing a positive or threatening stimulus through emotionally calibrating to the actor's emotional expressions. Children's mean pupil diameter (indicating emotional reactivity) was measured whilst viewing an up-close, visually identical image of the box before and then after the scene, and this difference was taken as an index of social-emotional calibration and compared between groups. RESULTS: Whilst the typically developing preschoolers responded more emotionally to the box after, compared to before the scene (as indexed by an increase in pupil size), those with autism did not, suggesting their reaction to the object was not affected by the actor's emotional expressions. The groups did not differ in looking duration to the emotional expressions; thus, the pupil dilation findings cannot be explained by differences in visual attention. More social-emotional calibration on the happy condition was associated with less severe autism symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: Through the measurement of physiological reactivity, findings suggest social-emotional calibration is diminished in children with autism, with calibration to others' positive emotions as particularly important. This study highlights a possible mechanism by which individuals with autism develop idiosyncratic reactions to features of their environment, which is likely to impact their active and harmonious participation on social and cultural practices from infancy, throughout the lifespan. More research is needed to examine the mediators and developmental sequence of this tendency to emotionally calibrate to others' feelings about the world. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-016-0098-4 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=329
in Molecular Autism > 7 (2016) . - 36p.[article] Others' emotions teach, but not in autism: an eye-tracking pupillometry study [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / H. J. NUSKE, Auteur ; G. VIVANTI, Auteur ; Cheryl DISSANAYAKE, Auteur . - 36p.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Molecular Autism > 7 (2016) . - 36p.
Mots-clés : Attention Autistic Disorder/physiopathology Child, Preschool Emotions/physiology Facial Expression Female Humans Male Pupil/physiology Autism Autonomic nervous system Emotion Eye-tracking pupillometry Social learning Social-emotional calibration Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Much research has investigated deficit in emotional reactivity to others in people with autism, but scant attention has been paid to how this deficit affects their own reactions to features of their environment (objects, events, practices, etc.). The present study presents a preliminary analysis on whether calibrating one's own emotional reactions to others' emotional reactions about features of the world, a process we term social-emotional calibration, is disrupted in autism. METHODS: To examine this process, we used a novel eye-tracking pupillometry paradigm in which we showed 20 preschoolers with autism and 20 matched typically developing preschoolers' videos of an actor opening a box and reacting to the occluded object inside, with fear or happiness. We expected preschoolers to come to perceive the box as containing a positive or threatening stimulus through emotionally calibrating to the actor's emotional expressions. Children's mean pupil diameter (indicating emotional reactivity) was measured whilst viewing an up-close, visually identical image of the box before and then after the scene, and this difference was taken as an index of social-emotional calibration and compared between groups. RESULTS: Whilst the typically developing preschoolers responded more emotionally to the box after, compared to before the scene (as indexed by an increase in pupil size), those with autism did not, suggesting their reaction to the object was not affected by the actor's emotional expressions. The groups did not differ in looking duration to the emotional expressions; thus, the pupil dilation findings cannot be explained by differences in visual attention. More social-emotional calibration on the happy condition was associated with less severe autism symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: Through the measurement of physiological reactivity, findings suggest social-emotional calibration is diminished in children with autism, with calibration to others' positive emotions as particularly important. This study highlights a possible mechanism by which individuals with autism develop idiosyncratic reactions to features of their environment, which is likely to impact their active and harmonious participation on social and cultural practices from infancy, throughout the lifespan. More research is needed to examine the mediators and developmental sequence of this tendency to emotionally calibrate to others' feelings about the world. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-016-0098-4 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=329 Pupillary Responses Obey Emmert's Law and Co-vary with Autistic Traits / C. TORTELLI in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 51-8 (August 2021)
PermalinkPupillometric measures of altered stimulus-evoked locus coeruleus-norepinephrine activity explain attenuated social attention in preschoolers with autism spectrum disorder / Leonie POLZER in Autism Research, 15-11 (November 2022)
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