A cross-cultural study of autistic traits across India, Japan and the UK / Sophie CARRUTHERS in Molecular Autism, 9 (2018)  

Public ISBD [article]  inMolecular Autism > 9 (2018) . - 52p. Titre : A cross-cultural study of autistic traits across India, Japan and the UK Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Sophie CARRUTHERS, Auteur ; Emma KINNAIRD, Auteur ; Alokananda RUDRA, Auteur ; Paula SMITH, Auteur ; Carrie ALLISON, Auteur ; Bonnie AUYEUNG, Auteur ; Bhismadev CHAKRABARTI, Auteur ; Akio WAKABAYASHI, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur ; Ioannis BAKOLIS, Auteur ; Rosa A. HOEKSTRA, Auteur Article en page(s) : 52p. Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism  Cross-cultural comparison  Culture  Positive predictive values  the original collection of data was obtained by ethics committees in India, Japan  and the UK for each country's data collection separately.Not applicable.The  authors declare that they have no competing interests.Springer Nature remains  neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional  affiliations. Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: There is a global need for brief screening instruments that can identify key indicators for autism to support frontline professionals in their referral decision-making. Although a universal set of conditions, there may be subtle differences in expression, identification and reporting of autistic traits across cultures. In order to assess the potential for any measure for cross-cultural screening use, it is important to understand the relative performance of such measures in different cultures. Our study aimed to identify the items on the Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ)-Child that are most predictive of an autism diagnosis among children aged 4-9 years across samples from India, Japan and the UK. Methods: We analysed parent-reported AQ-Child data from India (73 children with an autism diagnosis and 81 neurotypical children), Japan (116 children with autism and 190 neurotypical children) and the UK (488 children with autism and 532 neurotypical children). None of the children had a reported existing diagnosis of intellectual disability. Discrimination indices (DI) and positive predictive values (PPV) were used to identify the most predictive items in each country. Results: Sixteen items in the Indian sample, 15 items in the Japanese sample and 28 items in the UK sample demonstrated excellent discriminatory power (DI >/= 0.5 and PPV >/= 0.7), suggesting these items represent the strongest indicators for predicting an autism diagnosis within these countries. Across cultures, good performing items were largely overlapping, with five key indicator items appearing across all three countries (can easily keep track of several different people's conversations, enjoys social chit-chat, knows how to tell if someone listening to him/her is getting bored, good at social chit-chat, finds it difficult to work out people's intentions). Four items indicated potential cultural differences. One item was highly discriminative in Japan but poorly discriminative (DI < 0.3) in the UK and India, and a further item had excellent discrimination properties in the UK but poorly discriminated in the Indian and Japanese samples. Two additional items were highly discriminative in two cultures but poor in the third. Conclusions: Cross-cultural overlap in the items most predictive of an autism diagnosis supports the general notion of universality in autistic traits whilst also highlighting that there can be cultural differences associated with certain autistic traits. These findings have the potential to inform the development of a brief global screening tool for autism. Further development and evaluation work is needed. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-018-0235-3 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=371 [article] A cross-cultural study of autistic traits across India, Japan and the UK [texte imprimé] / Sophie CARRUTHERS, Auteur ; Emma KINNAIRD, Auteur ; Alokananda RUDRA, Auteur ; Paula SMITH, Auteur ; Carrie ALLISON, Auteur ; Bonnie AUYEUNG, Auteur ; Bhismadev CHAKRABARTI, Auteur ; Akio WAKABAYASHI, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur ; Ioannis BAKOLIS, Auteur ; Rosa A. HOEKSTRA, Auteur . - 52p. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Molecular Autism > 9 (2018) . - 52p. Mots-clés : Autism  Cross-cultural comparison  Culture  Positive predictive values  the original collection of data was obtained by ethics committees in India, Japan  and the UK for each country's data collection separately.Not applicable.The  authors declare that they have no competing interests.Springer Nature remains  neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional  affiliations. Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: There is a global need for brief screening instruments that can identify key indicators for autism to support frontline professionals in their referral decision-making. Although a universal set of conditions, there may be subtle differences in expression, identification and reporting of autistic traits across cultures. In order to assess the potential for any measure for cross-cultural screening use, it is important to understand the relative performance of such measures in different cultures. Our study aimed to identify the items on the Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ)-Child that are most predictive of an autism diagnosis among children aged 4-9 years across samples from India, Japan and the UK. Methods: We analysed parent-reported AQ-Child data from India (73 children with an autism diagnosis and 81 neurotypical children), Japan (116 children with autism and 190 neurotypical children) and the UK (488 children with autism and 532 neurotypical children). None of the children had a reported existing diagnosis of intellectual disability. Discrimination indices (DI) and positive predictive values (PPV) were used to identify the most predictive items in each country. Results: Sixteen items in the Indian sample, 15 items in the Japanese sample and 28 items in the UK sample demonstrated excellent discriminatory power (DI >/= 0.5 and PPV >/= 0.7), suggesting these items represent the strongest indicators for predicting an autism diagnosis within these countries. Across cultures, good performing items were largely overlapping, with five key indicator items appearing across all three countries (can easily keep track of several different people's conversations, enjoys social chit-chat, knows how to tell if someone listening to him/her is getting bored, good at social chit-chat, finds it difficult to work out people's intentions). Four items indicated potential cultural differences. One item was highly discriminative in Japan but poorly discriminative (DI < 0.3) in the UK and India, and a further item had excellent discrimination properties in the UK but poorly discriminated in the Indian and Japanese samples. Two additional items were highly discriminative in two cultures but poor in the third. Conclusions: Cross-cultural overlap in the items most predictive of an autism diagnosis supports the general notion of universality in autistic traits whilst also highlighting that there can be cultural differences associated with certain autistic traits. These findings have the potential to inform the development of a brief global screening tool for autism. Further development and evaluation work is needed. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-018-0235-3 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=371

Determining differences in social cognition between high-functioning autistic disorder and other pervasive developmental disorders using new advanced “mind-reading” tasks / Miho KURODA in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 5-1 (January-March 2011)  

Public ISBD [article]  inResearch in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 5-1 (January-March 2011) . - p.554-561 Titre : Determining differences in social cognition between high-functioning autistic disorder and other pervasive developmental disorders using new advanced “mind-reading” tasks Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Miho KURODA, Auteur ; Tokio UCHIYAMA, Auteur ; Akio WAKABAYASHI, Auteur ; Yuko YOSHIDA, Auteur ; Yoko KAMIO, Auteur ; Tomonori KOYAMA, Auteur Année de publication : 2011 Article en page(s) : p.554-561 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Mind-reading High-functioning-pervasive-developmental-disorders DSM-IV-TR Subgroup Modality Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Deficits in understanding the mental state of others (“mind-reading”) have been well documented in individuals with pervasive developmental disorders (PDD). However, it is unclear whether this deficit in social cognition differs between the subgroups of PDD defined by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision. In this study, PDD was divided into high-functioning autistic disorder (HFA) (n = 17) and other PDD (n = 11) consisting of Asperger's disorder (n = 8) and PDD-NOS (n = 3), and differences in mind-reading ability was examined between the two clinical groups and controls (n = 50) using a new advanced naturalistic task consisting of short scenes from a TV drama showing communication in social situations. The task was divided into visual and auditory tasks to investigate which modality was more valuable for individuals with PDD to understand the mental state of others. The results suggest that social cognition differs significantly between individuals with HFA and those with other PDD, with no difference being found between those with other PDD and controls. Neither the auditory or visual modality was found to be dominant in subjects with PDD in the mind-reading task. Taken together, complex mind-reading tasks appear to be effective for distinguishing individuals with HFA from those with other PDD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2010.06.022 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=111 [article] Determining differences in social cognition between high-functioning autistic disorder and other pervasive developmental disorders using new advanced “mind-reading” tasks [texte imprimé] / Miho KURODA, Auteur ; Tokio UCHIYAMA, Auteur ; Akio WAKABAYASHI, Auteur ; Yuko YOSHIDA, Auteur ; Yoko KAMIO, Auteur ; Tomonori KOYAMA, Auteur . - 2011 . - p.554-561. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 5-1 (January-March 2011) . - p.554-561 Mots-clés : Mind-reading High-functioning-pervasive-developmental-disorders DSM-IV-TR Subgroup Modality Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Deficits in understanding the mental state of others (“mind-reading”) have been well documented in individuals with pervasive developmental disorders (PDD). However, it is unclear whether this deficit in social cognition differs between the subgroups of PDD defined by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision. In this study, PDD was divided into high-functioning autistic disorder (HFA) (n = 17) and other PDD (n = 11) consisting of Asperger's disorder (n = 8) and PDD-NOS (n = 3), and differences in mind-reading ability was examined between the two clinical groups and controls (n = 50) using a new advanced naturalistic task consisting of short scenes from a TV drama showing communication in social situations. The task was divided into visual and auditory tasks to investigate which modality was more valuable for individuals with PDD to understand the mental state of others. The results suggest that social cognition differs significantly between individuals with HFA and those with other PDD, with no difference being found between those with other PDD and controls. Neither the auditory or visual modality was found to be dominant in subjects with PDD in the mind-reading task. Taken together, complex mind-reading tasks appear to be effective for distinguishing individuals with HFA from those with other PDD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2010.06.022 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=111

Do the traits of autism-spectrum overlap with those of schizophrenia or obsessive-compulsive disorder in the general population? / Akio WAKABAYASHI in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 6-2 (April-June 2012)  

Public ISBD [article]  inResearch in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 6-2 (April-June 2012) . - p.717-725 Titre : Do the traits of autism-spectrum overlap with those of schizophrenia or obsessive-compulsive disorder in the general population? Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Akio WAKABAYASHI, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur ; Chris ASHWIN, Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : p.717-725 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism-spectrum  Schizophrenia  Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)  Autism-Spectrum Quotient (AQ)  Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire (SPQ)  Padua Inventory (PI) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Social and communicative deficits, restricted interests and repetitive behaviors are diagnostic features of autism spectrum disorders (ASD). The present study examined the relationship between autistic characteristics and schizophrenia-spectrum traits as well as between autistic characteristics and obsessive-compulsive traits in typically developed young adults. The Autism-Spectrum Quotient (AQ) was given separately to two large samples. In addition, one sample (N = 662) was given the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire (SPQ) to assess schizophrenia-spectrum traits, whereas the other sample (N = 347) was given the Padua Inventory (PI) to assess obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) traits. The results revealed a moderate correlation between the AQ and the SPQ total scores; however, multiple regression analyses showed that the “Cognitive-Perceptual” factor did not predict the autism-spectrum degree, although autistic characteristics and schizophrenia-spectrum traits had common social–emotional difficulties. Similarly, there was a moderate correlation between the AQ and PI total scores, which suggests that they had common problems in cognitive aspects; however, autism-spectrum and OCD traits differed with regard to other behavioral characteristics including repetitive or impulsive behaviors. Therefore, there was not a large overlap of the autism-spectrum and either the schizophrenia- or obsessive-compulsive spectrums, although certain traits were correlated with each other. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2011.09.008 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=150 [article] Do the traits of autism-spectrum overlap with those of schizophrenia or obsessive-compulsive disorder in the general population? [texte imprimé] / Akio WAKABAYASHI, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur ; Chris ASHWIN, Auteur . - 2012 . - p.717-725. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 6-2 (April-June 2012) . - p.717-725 Mots-clés : Autism-spectrum  Schizophrenia  Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)  Autism-Spectrum Quotient (AQ)  Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire (SPQ)  Padua Inventory (PI) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Social and communicative deficits, restricted interests and repetitive behaviors are diagnostic features of autism spectrum disorders (ASD). The present study examined the relationship between autistic characteristics and schizophrenia-spectrum traits as well as between autistic characteristics and obsessive-compulsive traits in typically developed young adults. The Autism-Spectrum Quotient (AQ) was given separately to two large samples. In addition, one sample (N = 662) was given the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire (SPQ) to assess schizophrenia-spectrum traits, whereas the other sample (N = 347) was given the Padua Inventory (PI) to assess obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) traits. The results revealed a moderate correlation between the AQ and the SPQ total scores; however, multiple regression analyses showed that the “Cognitive-Perceptual” factor did not predict the autism-spectrum degree, although autistic characteristics and schizophrenia-spectrum traits had common social–emotional difficulties. Similarly, there was a moderate correlation between the AQ and PI total scores, which suggests that they had common problems in cognitive aspects; however, autism-spectrum and OCD traits differed with regard to other behavioral characteristics including repetitive or impulsive behaviors. Therefore, there was not a large overlap of the autism-spectrum and either the schizophrenia- or obsessive-compulsive spectrums, although certain traits were correlated with each other. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2011.09.008 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=150

Empathizing and Systemizing in Adults with and without Autism Spectrum Conditions: Cross-Cultural Stability / Akio WAKABAYASHI in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 37-10 (November 2007)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 37-10 (November 2007) . - p.1823-1832 Titre : Empathizing and Systemizing in Adults with and without Autism Spectrum Conditions: Cross-Cultural Stability Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Akio WAKABAYASHI, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur ; Sally WHEELWRIGHT, Auteur ; Tokio UCHIYAMA, Auteur ; Yuko YOSHIDA, Auteur ; Miho KURODA, Auteur Année de publication : 2007 Article en page(s) : p.1823-1832 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Empathizing Systemizing Autism Asperger-syndrome Autism-spectrum-conditions Cognitive-style Sex-differences Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This study tests the empathizing-systemizing (E-S) theory of sex differences and the extreme male brain (EMB) theory of autism. Three groups of participants took part: n = 48 people with autism spectrum, n = 137 general population controls, and n = 1,250 university student controls. Each participant completed the Empathy Quotient (EQ) and the Systemizing Quotient (SQ). Results: The autism spectrum condition (ASC) group scored significantly lower than controls on the EQ, and significantly higher on the SQ. Among both control groups, females scored significantly higher than males on the EQ, whilst males scored significantly higher than females on the SQ. The distribution of ‘brain types’, based on the difference between EQ and SQ scores, showed distinct profiles for people with ASC, control males and control females. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-006-0316-6 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=218 [article] Empathizing and Systemizing in Adults with and without Autism Spectrum Conditions: Cross-Cultural Stability [texte imprimé] / Akio WAKABAYASHI, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur ; Sally WHEELWRIGHT, Auteur ; Tokio UCHIYAMA, Auteur ; Yuko YOSHIDA, Auteur ; Miho KURODA, Auteur . - 2007 . - p.1823-1832. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 37-10 (November 2007) . - p.1823-1832 Mots-clés : Empathizing Systemizing Autism Asperger-syndrome Autism-spectrum-conditions Cognitive-style Sex-differences Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This study tests the empathizing-systemizing (E-S) theory of sex differences and the extreme male brain (EMB) theory of autism. Three groups of participants took part: n = 48 people with autism spectrum, n = 137 general population controls, and n = 1,250 university student controls. Each participant completed the Empathy Quotient (EQ) and the Systemizing Quotient (SQ). Results: The autism spectrum condition (ASC) group scored significantly lower than controls on the EQ, and significantly higher on the SQ. Among both control groups, females scored significantly higher than males on the EQ, whilst males scored significantly higher than females on the SQ. The distribution of ‘brain types’, based on the difference between EQ and SQ scores, showed distinct profiles for people with ASC, control males and control females. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-006-0316-6 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=218

The Autism-Spectrum Quotient (AQ) Children’s Version in Japan: A Cross-Cultural Comparison / Akio WAKABAYASHI in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 37-3 (March 2007)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 37-3 (March 2007) . - p.491-500 Titre : The Autism-Spectrum Quotient (AQ) Children’s Version in Japan: A Cross-Cultural Comparison Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Akio WAKABAYASHI, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur ; Sally WHEELWRIGHT, Auteur ; Tokio UCHIYAMA, Auteur ; Yuko YOSHIDA, Auteur ; Yoshikuni TOJO, Auteur ; Miho KURODA, Auteur Année de publication : 2007 Article en page(s) : p.491-500 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism-Spectrum-Quotient-(AQ) Asperger-Syndrome High-Functioning-Autism PDD-NOS Autistic-Traits Children Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : In the current study, the child AQ was administered in Japan, to examine whether the UK results for reliability and validity generalize to a different culture. Assessment groups were: Group 1: n = 81 children with Asperger Syndrome (AS) or high-functioning autism (HFA); Group 2: n = 22 children diagnosed PDD-NOS with average IQ; and Group 3: n = 372 randomly selected controls from primary and secondary schools. Both clinical groups scored significantly higher than controls (AS/HFA mean AQ = 31.9, SD = 6.93; PDD-NOS mean AQ = 28.0, SD = 6.88; controls mean AQ = 11.7, SD = 5.94). Among the controls, males scored significantly higher than females. The pattern of difference between clinical groups and controls was found to be similar in both countries. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-006-0181-3 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=653 [article] The Autism-Spectrum Quotient (AQ) Children’s Version in Japan: A Cross-Cultural Comparison [texte imprimé] / Akio WAKABAYASHI, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur ; Sally WHEELWRIGHT, Auteur ; Tokio UCHIYAMA, Auteur ; Yuko YOSHIDA, Auteur ; Yoshikuni TOJO, Auteur ; Miho KURODA, Auteur . - 2007 . - p.491-500. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 37-3 (March 2007) . - p.491-500 Mots-clés : Autism-Spectrum-Quotient-(AQ) Asperger-Syndrome High-Functioning-Autism PDD-NOS Autistic-Traits Children Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : In the current study, the child AQ was administered in Japan, to examine whether the UK results for reliability and validity generalize to a different culture. Assessment groups were: Group 1: n = 81 children with Asperger Syndrome (AS) or high-functioning autism (HFA); Group 2: n = 22 children diagnosed PDD-NOS with average IQ; and Group 3: n = 372 randomly selected controls from primary and secondary schools. Both clinical groups scored significantly higher than controls (AS/HFA mean AQ = 31.9, SD = 6.93; PDD-NOS mean AQ = 28.0, SD = 6.88; controls mean AQ = 11.7, SD = 5.94). Among the controls, males scored significantly higher than females. The pattern of difference between clinical groups and controls was found to be similar in both countries. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-006-0181-3 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=653

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