Autism community priorities in diverse low-resource settings: A country-wide scoping exercise in India / Sreerupa CHAKRABARTY ; Rajanya NANDI ; Rakshita SHEKHAR ; Sakhi SINGHI ; Shoba NAYAR ; Jai Ranjan RAM ; Shaneel MUKERJI ; Bhismadev CHAKRABARTI in Autism, 28-1 (January 2024)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 28-1 (January 2024) . - p.187?198 Titre : Autism community priorities in diverse low-resource settings: A country-wide scoping exercise in India Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Sreerupa CHAKRABARTY, Auteur ; Rajanya NANDI, Auteur ; Rakshita SHEKHAR, Auteur ; Sakhi SINGHI, Auteur ; Shoba NAYAR, Auteur ; Jai Ranjan RAM, Auteur ; Shaneel MUKERJI, Auteur ; Bhismadev CHAKRABARTI, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.187?198 Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorders  global  low- and middle-income country  stakeholder consultation Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : While studies to map the priorities of the autistic community have been undertaken in some high-income countries, there has been little or no such systematic assessment in the global south. India alone is home to an estimated >5?million autistic individuals. To address this gap in the literature, this study conducted a survey of the Indian autism community on their priorities for three areas: skills training, intervention and research. Individuals with a clinical diagnosis of autism spectrum disorders and parents/guardians of autistic individuals were invited to take part in the study. Data from 280 respondents were collected online and followed up with interviews on a subset (n?=?40) chosen through stratified random selection. Results highlighted a unanimous prioritisation for self-help skills as the most important area in skills training, as it was considered the foundation for acquiring all other skills. Speech and language therapy was identified as the most important intervention for autistic individuals. Within research, identifying the most effective ways for the community to support autistic people was given the topmost priority. Researchers, clinicians and policymakers may use these insights to develop services and shape future research that is more in accord with the community?s needs. Lay abstract It is vital to directly engage with the autism community in order to develop better services and drive the research agenda. While some studies in high-income countries have mapped the priorities of the autism community, there is a severe dearth of such efforts in the global south. Five?million autistic individuals are estimated to live in India alone, and there has been little effort to map their priorities. Moreover, studies in high-income countries focused largely on research priorities, and not so much on skills training and interventions. Keeping these needs in mind, we conducted an online survey followed by an in-depth conversation with parents of autistic children and autistic adults drawn from across India. We found that the respondents reported self-help skills to be the most important for training, as they considered it fundamental for every other aspect of life. Speech and language therapy was considered to be the highest intervention priority for this group, highlighting the importance of social communication. Mental health counselling was also considered to be a high priority, but several parents identified it as being more relevant for themselves rather than for their children. Within research, the topmost priority was to understand ways in which the community can better support autistic people. We hope that these findings will help researchers, policymakers and service providers to be able to make well-informed decisions, develop relevant services and shape future research. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613231154067 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=519 [article] Autism community priorities in diverse low-resource settings: A country-wide scoping exercise in India [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Sreerupa CHAKRABARTY, Auteur ; Rajanya NANDI, Auteur ; Rakshita SHEKHAR, Auteur ; Sakhi SINGHI, Auteur ; Shoba NAYAR, Auteur ; Jai Ranjan RAM, Auteur ; Shaneel MUKERJI, Auteur ; Bhismadev CHAKRABARTI, Auteur . - p.187?198. in Autism > 28-1 (January 2024) . - p.187?198 Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorders  global  low- and middle-income country  stakeholder consultation Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : While studies to map the priorities of the autistic community have been undertaken in some high-income countries, there has been little or no such systematic assessment in the global south. India alone is home to an estimated >5?million autistic individuals. To address this gap in the literature, this study conducted a survey of the Indian autism community on their priorities for three areas: skills training, intervention and research. Individuals with a clinical diagnosis of autism spectrum disorders and parents/guardians of autistic individuals were invited to take part in the study. Data from 280 respondents were collected online and followed up with interviews on a subset (n?=?40) chosen through stratified random selection. Results highlighted a unanimous prioritisation for self-help skills as the most important area in skills training, as it was considered the foundation for acquiring all other skills. Speech and language therapy was identified as the most important intervention for autistic individuals. Within research, identifying the most effective ways for the community to support autistic people was given the topmost priority. Researchers, clinicians and policymakers may use these insights to develop services and shape future research that is more in accord with the community?s needs. Lay abstract It is vital to directly engage with the autism community in order to develop better services and drive the research agenda. While some studies in high-income countries have mapped the priorities of the autism community, there is a severe dearth of such efforts in the global south. Five?million autistic individuals are estimated to live in India alone, and there has been little effort to map their priorities. Moreover, studies in high-income countries focused largely on research priorities, and not so much on skills training and interventions. Keeping these needs in mind, we conducted an online survey followed by an in-depth conversation with parents of autistic children and autistic adults drawn from across India. We found that the respondents reported self-help skills to be the most important for training, as they considered it fundamental for every other aspect of life. Speech and language therapy was considered to be the highest intervention priority for this group, highlighting the importance of social communication. Mental health counselling was also considered to be a high priority, but several parents identified it as being more relevant for themselves rather than for their children. Within research, the topmost priority was to understand ways in which the community can better support autistic people. We hope that these findings will help researchers, policymakers and service providers to be able to make well-informed decisions, develop relevant services and shape future research. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613231154067 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=519

Autistic differences in the temporal dynamics of social attention / N. HEDGER in Autism, 25-6 (August 2021)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 25-6 (August 2021) . - p.1615-1626 Titre : Autistic differences in the temporal dynamics of social attention Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : N. HEDGER, Auteur ; Bhismadev CHAKRABARTI, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1615-1626 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adult  Attention  Autism Spectrum Disorder  Autistic Disorder  Fixation, Ocular  Humans  Probability  attention  autism  eye-tracking  gaze  social attention  temporal modelling  of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this  article. Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : One behaviour often observed in individuals with autism is that they tend to look less towards social stimuli relative to neurotypical individuals. For instance, many eye-tracking studies have shown that individuals with autism will look less towards people and more towards objects in scenes. However, we currently know very little about how these behaviours change over time. Tracking these moment-to-moment changes in looking behaviour in individuals with autism can more clearly illustrate how they respond to social stimuli. In this study, adults with and without autism were presented with displays of social and non-social stimuli, while looking behaviours were measured by eye-tracking. We found large differences in how the two groups looked towards social stimuli over time. Neurotypical individuals initially showed a high probability of looking towards social stimuli, then a decline in probability, and a subsequent increase in probability after prolonged viewing. By contrast, individuals with autism showed an initial increase in probability, followed by a continuous decline in probability that did not recover. This pattern of results may indicate that individuals with autism exhibit reduced responsivity to the reward value of social stimuli. Moreover, our data suggest that exploring the temporal nature of gaze behaviours can lead to more precise explanatory theories of attention in autism. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361321998573 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=451 [article] Autistic differences in the temporal dynamics of social attention [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / N. HEDGER, Auteur ; Bhismadev CHAKRABARTI, Auteur . - p.1615-1626. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 25-6 (August 2021) . - p.1615-1626 Mots-clés : Adult  Attention  Autism Spectrum Disorder  Autistic Disorder  Fixation, Ocular  Humans  Probability  attention  autism  eye-tracking  gaze  social attention  temporal modelling  of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this  article. Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : One behaviour often observed in individuals with autism is that they tend to look less towards social stimuli relative to neurotypical individuals. For instance, many eye-tracking studies have shown that individuals with autism will look less towards people and more towards objects in scenes. However, we currently know very little about how these behaviours change over time. Tracking these moment-to-moment changes in looking behaviour in individuals with autism can more clearly illustrate how they respond to social stimuli. In this study, adults with and without autism were presented with displays of social and non-social stimuli, while looking behaviours were measured by eye-tracking. We found large differences in how the two groups looked towards social stimuli over time. Neurotypical individuals initially showed a high probability of looking towards social stimuli, then a decline in probability, and a subsequent increase in probability after prolonged viewing. By contrast, individuals with autism showed an initial increase in probability, followed by a continuous decline in probability that did not recover. This pattern of results may indicate that individuals with autism exhibit reduced responsivity to the reward value of social stimuli. Moreover, our data suggest that exploring the temporal nature of gaze behaviours can lead to more precise explanatory theories of attention in autism. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361321998573 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=451

Autistic differences in the temporal dynamics of social attention / Nicholas HEDGER in Autism, 26-6 (August 2022)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 26-6 (August 2022) . - p.1615-1626 Titre : Autistic differences in the temporal dynamics of social attention Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Nicholas HEDGER, Auteur ; Bhismadev CHAKRABARTI, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1615-1626 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adult  Attention  Autism Spectrum Disorder  Autistic Disorder  Fixation, Ocular  Humans  Probability  autism  eye-tracking  gaze  social attention  temporal modelling  conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or  publication of this article. Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : One behaviour often observed in individuals with autism is that they tend to look less towards social stimuli relative to neurotypical individuals. For instance, many eye-tracking studies have shown that individuals with autism will look less towards people and more towards objects in scenes. However, we currently know very little about how these behaviours change over time. Tracking these moment-to-moment changes in looking behaviour in individuals with autism can more clearly illustrate how they respond to social stimuli. In this study, adults with and without autism were presented with displays of social and non-social stimuli, while looking behaviours were measured by eye-tracking. We found large differences in how the two groups looked towards social stimuli over time. Neurotypical individuals initially showed a high probability of looking towards social stimuli, then a decline in probability, and a subsequent increase in probability after prolonged viewing. By contrast, individuals with autism showed an initial increase in probability, followed by a continuous decline in probability that did not recover. This pattern of results may indicate that individuals with autism exhibit reduced responsivity to the reward value of social stimuli. Moreover, our data suggest that exploring the temporal nature of gaze behaviours can lead to more precise explanatory theories of attention in autism. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361321998573 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=484 [article] Autistic differences in the temporal dynamics of social attention [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Nicholas HEDGER, Auteur ; Bhismadev CHAKRABARTI, Auteur . - p.1615-1626. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 26-6 (August 2022) . - p.1615-1626 Mots-clés : Adult  Attention  Autism Spectrum Disorder  Autistic Disorder  Fixation, Ocular  Humans  Probability  autism  eye-tracking  gaze  social attention  temporal modelling  conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or  publication of this article. Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : One behaviour often observed in individuals with autism is that they tend to look less towards social stimuli relative to neurotypical individuals. For instance, many eye-tracking studies have shown that individuals with autism will look less towards people and more towards objects in scenes. However, we currently know very little about how these behaviours change over time. Tracking these moment-to-moment changes in looking behaviour in individuals with autism can more clearly illustrate how they respond to social stimuli. In this study, adults with and without autism were presented with displays of social and non-social stimuli, while looking behaviours were measured by eye-tracking. We found large differences in how the two groups looked towards social stimuli over time. Neurotypical individuals initially showed a high probability of looking towards social stimuli, then a decline in probability, and a subsequent increase in probability after prolonged viewing. By contrast, individuals with autism showed an initial increase in probability, followed by a continuous decline in probability that did not recover. This pattern of results may indicate that individuals with autism exhibit reduced responsivity to the reward value of social stimuli. Moreover, our data suggest that exploring the temporal nature of gaze behaviours can lead to more precise explanatory theories of attention in autism. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361321998573 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=484

Autistic Traits Moderate the Impact of Reward Learning on Social Behaviour / Maria Serena PANASITI in Autism Research, 9-4 (April 2016)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 9-4 (April 2016) . - p.471-479 Titre : Autistic Traits Moderate the Impact of Reward Learning on Social Behaviour Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Maria Serena PANASITI, Auteur ; Ignazio PUZZO, Auteur ; Bhismadev CHAKRABARTI, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.471-479 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : reward  autism  prosocial behaviour  empathy Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : A deficit in empathy has been suggested to underlie social behavioural atypicalities in autism. A parallel theoretical account proposes that reduced social motivation (i.e., low responsivity to social rewards) can account for the said atypicalities. Recent evidence suggests that autistic traits modulate the link between reward and proxy metrics related to empathy. Using an evaluative conditioning paradigm to associate high and low rewards with faces, a previous study has shown that individuals high in autistic traits show reduced spontaneous facial mimicry of faces associated with high vs. low reward. This observation raises the possibility that autistic traits modulate the magnitude of evaluative conditioning. To test this, we investigated (a) if autistic traits could modulate the ability to implicitly associate a reward value to a social stimulus (reward learning/conditioning, using the Implicit Association Task, IAT); (b) if the learned association could modulate participants’ prosocial behaviour (i.e., social reciprocity, measured using the cyberball task); (c) if the strength of this modulation was influenced by autistic traits. In 43 neurotypical participants, we found that autistic traits moderated the relationship of social reward learning on prosocial behaviour but not reward learning itself. This evidence suggests that while autistic traits do not directly influence social reward learning, they modulate the relationship of social rewards with prosocial behaviour. Autism Res 2016, 9: 471–479. © 2015 The Authors Autism Research published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Society for Autism Research En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1523 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=287 [article] Autistic Traits Moderate the Impact of Reward Learning on Social Behaviour [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Maria Serena PANASITI, Auteur ; Ignazio PUZZO, Auteur ; Bhismadev CHAKRABARTI, Auteur . - p.471-479. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 9-4 (April 2016) . - p.471-479 Mots-clés : reward  autism  prosocial behaviour  empathy Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : A deficit in empathy has been suggested to underlie social behavioural atypicalities in autism. A parallel theoretical account proposes that reduced social motivation (i.e., low responsivity to social rewards) can account for the said atypicalities. Recent evidence suggests that autistic traits modulate the link between reward and proxy metrics related to empathy. Using an evaluative conditioning paradigm to associate high and low rewards with faces, a previous study has shown that individuals high in autistic traits show reduced spontaneous facial mimicry of faces associated with high vs. low reward. This observation raises the possibility that autistic traits modulate the magnitude of evaluative conditioning. To test this, we investigated (a) if autistic traits could modulate the ability to implicitly associate a reward value to a social stimulus (reward learning/conditioning, using the Implicit Association Task, IAT); (b) if the learned association could modulate participants’ prosocial behaviour (i.e., social reciprocity, measured using the cyberball task); (c) if the strength of this modulation was influenced by autistic traits. In 43 neurotypical participants, we found that autistic traits moderated the relationship of social reward learning on prosocial behaviour but not reward learning itself. This evidence suggests that while autistic traits do not directly influence social reward learning, they modulate the relationship of social rewards with prosocial behaviour. Autism Res 2016, 9: 471–479. © 2015 The Authors Autism Research published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Society for Autism Research En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1523 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=287

Autistic Traits Modulate Mimicry of Social but not Nonsocial Rewards / Anthony HAFFEY in Autism Research, 6-6 (December 2013)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 6-6 (December 2013) . - p.614-620 Titre : Autistic Traits Modulate Mimicry of Social but not Nonsocial Rewards Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Anthony HAFFEY, Auteur ; Clare PRESS, Auteur ; Garret O'CONNELL, Auteur ; Bhismadev CHAKRABARTI, Auteur Année de publication : 2013 Article en page(s) : p.614-620 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : reward  imitation  social  nonsocial  autism  empathy  mimicry Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism Spectrum Conditions (ASC) are associated with diminished responsiveness to social stimuli, and especially to social rewards such as smiles. Atypical responsiveness to social rewards, which reinforce socially appropriate behavior in children, can potentially lead to a cascade of deficits in social behavior. Individuals with ASC often show diminished spontaneous mimicry of social stimuli in a natural setting. In the general population, mimicry is modulated both by the reward value and the sociality of the stimulus (i.e., whether the stimulus is perceived to belong to a conspecific or an inanimate object). Since empathy and autistic traits are distributed continuously in the general population, this study aimed to test if and how these traits modulated automatic mimicry of rewarded social and nonsocial stimuli. High and low rewards were associated with human and robot hands using a conditioned learning paradigm. Thirty-six participants from the general population then completed a mimicry task involving performing a prespecified hand movement which was either compatible or incompatible with a hand movement presented to the participant. High autistic traits (measured using the Autism Spectrum Quotient, AQ) predicted lesser mimicry of high-reward than low-reward conditioned human hands, whereas trait empathy showed an opposite pattern of correlations. No such relations were observed for high-reward vs. low-reward conditioned robot hands. These results demonstrate how autistic traits and empathy modulate the effects of reward on mimicry of social compared to nonsocial stimuli. This evidence suggests a potential role for the reward system in underlying the atypical social behavior in individuals with ASC, who constitute the extreme end of the spectrum of autistic traits. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1323 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=221 [article] Autistic Traits Modulate Mimicry of Social but not Nonsocial Rewards [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Anthony HAFFEY, Auteur ; Clare PRESS, Auteur ; Garret O'CONNELL, Auteur ; Bhismadev CHAKRABARTI, Auteur . - 2013 . - p.614-620. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 6-6 (December 2013) . - p.614-620 Mots-clés : reward  imitation  social  nonsocial  autism  empathy  mimicry Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism Spectrum Conditions (ASC) are associated with diminished responsiveness to social stimuli, and especially to social rewards such as smiles. Atypical responsiveness to social rewards, which reinforce socially appropriate behavior in children, can potentially lead to a cascade of deficits in social behavior. Individuals with ASC often show diminished spontaneous mimicry of social stimuli in a natural setting. In the general population, mimicry is modulated both by the reward value and the sociality of the stimulus (i.e., whether the stimulus is perceived to belong to a conspecific or an inanimate object). Since empathy and autistic traits are distributed continuously in the general population, this study aimed to test if and how these traits modulated automatic mimicry of rewarded social and nonsocial stimuli. High and low rewards were associated with human and robot hands using a conditioned learning paradigm. Thirty-six participants from the general population then completed a mimicry task involving performing a prespecified hand movement which was either compatible or incompatible with a hand movement presented to the participant. High autistic traits (measured using the Autism Spectrum Quotient, AQ) predicted lesser mimicry of high-reward than low-reward conditioned human hands, whereas trait empathy showed an opposite pattern of correlations. No such relations were observed for high-reward vs. low-reward conditioned robot hands. These results demonstrate how autistic traits and empathy modulate the effects of reward on mimicry of social compared to nonsocial stimuli. This evidence suggests a potential role for the reward system in underlying the atypical social behavior in individuals with ASC, who constitute the extreme end of the spectrum of autistic traits. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1323 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=221

Bengali translation and characterisation of four cognitive and trait measures for autism spectrum conditions in India / A. RUDRA in Molecular Autism, 7 (2016)  

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Commentary: 'Camouflaging' in autistic people - reflection on Fombonne (2020) / Meng-Chuan LAI in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 62-8 (August 2021)  

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Commentary: Critical considerations for studying low-functioning autism / Bhismadev CHAKRABARTI in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 58-4 (April 2017)  

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Commentary: Not just genes – reclaiming a role for environmental influences on aetiology and outcome in autism. A commentary on Mandy and Lai (2016) / Tony CHARMAN in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 57-3 (March 2016)  

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A comprehensive meta-analysis of common genetic variants in autism spectrum conditions / Varun WARRIER in Molecular Autism, (August 2015)  

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A cross-cultural study of autistic traits across India, Japan and the UK / S. CARRUTHERS in Molecular Autism, 9 (2018)  

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Digital tools for direct assessment of autism risk during early childhood: A systematic review / Supriya BHAVNANI ; Georgia LOCKWOOD ESTRIN ; Vaisnavi RAO ; Jayashree DASGUPTA ; Hiba IRFAN ; Bhismadev CHAKRABARTI ; Vikram PATEL ; Matthew K. BELMONTE in Autism, 28-1 (January 2024)  

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Empathizing and Systemizing in Autism Spectrum Conditions / Simon BARON-COHEN

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From molecules to neural morphology: understanding neuroinflammation in autism spectrum condition / A. M. YOUNG in Molecular Autism, 7 (2016)  

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Genes related to sex steroids, neural growth, and social-emotional behavior are associated with autistic traits, empathy, and Asperger syndrome / Bhismadev CHAKRABARTI in Autism Research, 2-3 (June 2009)  

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