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A cross-cultural study of autistic traits across India, Japan and the UK / S. CARRUTHERS in Molecular Autism, 9 (2018)
[article]
Titre : A cross-cultural study of autistic traits across India, Japan and the UK Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : S. CARRUTHERS, Auteur ; E. KINNAIRD, Auteur ; A. RUDRA, Auteur ; P. SMITH, Auteur ; Carrie ALLISON, Auteur ; Bonnie AUYEUNG, Auteur ; Bhismadev CHAKRABARTI, Auteur ; A. WAKABAYASHI, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur ; I. BAKOLIS, Auteur ; R. A. HOEKSTRA, Auteur Article en page(s) : 52p. Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism Cross-cultural comparison Culture Positive predictive values the original collection of data was obtained by ethics committees in India, Japan and the UK for each country's data collection separately.Not applicable.The authors declare that they have no competing interests.Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: There is a global need for brief screening instruments that can identify key indicators for autism to support frontline professionals in their referral decision-making. Although a universal set of conditions, there may be subtle differences in expression, identification and reporting of autistic traits across cultures. In order to assess the potential for any measure for cross-cultural screening use, it is important to understand the relative performance of such measures in different cultures. Our study aimed to identify the items on the Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ)-Child that are most predictive of an autism diagnosis among children aged 4-9 years across samples from India, Japan and the UK. Methods: We analysed parent-reported AQ-Child data from India (73 children with an autism diagnosis and 81 neurotypical children), Japan (116 children with autism and 190 neurotypical children) and the UK (488 children with autism and 532 neurotypical children). None of the children had a reported existing diagnosis of intellectual disability. Discrimination indices (DI) and positive predictive values (PPV) were used to identify the most predictive items in each country. Results: Sixteen items in the Indian sample, 15 items in the Japanese sample and 28 items in the UK sample demonstrated excellent discriminatory power (DI >/= 0.5 and PPV >/= 0.7), suggesting these items represent the strongest indicators for predicting an autism diagnosis within these countries. Across cultures, good performing items were largely overlapping, with five key indicator items appearing across all three countries (can easily keep track of several different people's conversations, enjoys social chit-chat, knows how to tell if someone listening to him/her is getting bored, good at social chit-chat, finds it difficult to work out people's intentions). Four items indicated potential cultural differences. One item was highly discriminative in Japan but poorly discriminative (DI < 0.3) in the UK and India, and a further item had excellent discrimination properties in the UK but poorly discriminated in the Indian and Japanese samples. Two additional items were highly discriminative in two cultures but poor in the third. Conclusions: Cross-cultural overlap in the items most predictive of an autism diagnosis supports the general notion of universality in autistic traits whilst also highlighting that there can be cultural differences associated with certain autistic traits. These findings have the potential to inform the development of a brief global screening tool for autism. Further development and evaluation work is needed. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-018-0235-3 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=371
in Molecular Autism > 9 (2018) . - 52p.[article] A cross-cultural study of autistic traits across India, Japan and the UK [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / S. CARRUTHERS, Auteur ; E. KINNAIRD, Auteur ; A. RUDRA, Auteur ; P. SMITH, Auteur ; Carrie ALLISON, Auteur ; Bonnie AUYEUNG, Auteur ; Bhismadev CHAKRABARTI, Auteur ; A. WAKABAYASHI, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur ; I. BAKOLIS, Auteur ; R. A. HOEKSTRA, Auteur . - 52p.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Molecular Autism > 9 (2018) . - 52p.
Mots-clés : Autism Cross-cultural comparison Culture Positive predictive values the original collection of data was obtained by ethics committees in India, Japan and the UK for each country's data collection separately.Not applicable.The authors declare that they have no competing interests.Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: There is a global need for brief screening instruments that can identify key indicators for autism to support frontline professionals in their referral decision-making. Although a universal set of conditions, there may be subtle differences in expression, identification and reporting of autistic traits across cultures. In order to assess the potential for any measure for cross-cultural screening use, it is important to understand the relative performance of such measures in different cultures. Our study aimed to identify the items on the Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ)-Child that are most predictive of an autism diagnosis among children aged 4-9 years across samples from India, Japan and the UK. Methods: We analysed parent-reported AQ-Child data from India (73 children with an autism diagnosis and 81 neurotypical children), Japan (116 children with autism and 190 neurotypical children) and the UK (488 children with autism and 532 neurotypical children). None of the children had a reported existing diagnosis of intellectual disability. Discrimination indices (DI) and positive predictive values (PPV) were used to identify the most predictive items in each country. Results: Sixteen items in the Indian sample, 15 items in the Japanese sample and 28 items in the UK sample demonstrated excellent discriminatory power (DI >/= 0.5 and PPV >/= 0.7), suggesting these items represent the strongest indicators for predicting an autism diagnosis within these countries. Across cultures, good performing items were largely overlapping, with five key indicator items appearing across all three countries (can easily keep track of several different people's conversations, enjoys social chit-chat, knows how to tell if someone listening to him/her is getting bored, good at social chit-chat, finds it difficult to work out people's intentions). Four items indicated potential cultural differences. One item was highly discriminative in Japan but poorly discriminative (DI < 0.3) in the UK and India, and a further item had excellent discrimination properties in the UK but poorly discriminated in the Indian and Japanese samples. Two additional items were highly discriminative in two cultures but poor in the third. Conclusions: Cross-cultural overlap in the items most predictive of an autism diagnosis supports the general notion of universality in autistic traits whilst also highlighting that there can be cultural differences associated with certain autistic traits. These findings have the potential to inform the development of a brief global screening tool for autism. Further development and evaluation work is needed. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-018-0235-3 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=371 The oxytocin receptor gene predicts brain activity during an emotion recognition task in autism / F. UZEFOVSKY in Molecular Autism, 10 (2019)
[article]
Titre : The oxytocin receptor gene predicts brain activity during an emotion recognition task in autism Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : F. UZEFOVSKY, Auteur ; Richard A. I. BETHLEHEM, Auteur ; S. SHAMAY-TSOORY, Auteur ; A. RUIGROK, Auteur ; R. HOLT, Auteur ; M. SPENCER, Auteur ; L. CHURA, Auteur ; V. WARRIER, Auteur ; Bhismadev CHAKRABARTI, Auteur ; Edward T. BULLMORE, Auteur ; J. SUCKLING, Auteur ; D. FLORIS, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur Article en page(s) : 12 p. Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism Imaging genetics Oxytocin receptor Supramarginal gyrus fMRI the relevant national and institutional committees on human experimentation and with the Declaration of Helsinki of 1975, as revised in 2008.Not applicable.The authors declare that they have no competing interests.Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: Autism is a highly varied and heritable neurodevelopmental condition, and common variants explain approximately 50% of the genetic variance of autism. One of the genes implicated in autism is the oxytocin receptor (OXTR). The current study combined genetic and brain imaging (fMRI) data to examine the moderating effect of genotype on the association between diagnosis and brain activity in response to a test of cognitive empathy. Methods: Participants were adolescents (mean age = 14.7 +/- 1.7) who were genotyped for single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the OXTR and underwent functional brain imaging while completing the adolescent version of the 'Reading the Mind in the Eyes' Test (Eyes Test). Results: Two (rs2254298, rs53576) of the five OXTR SNPs examined were significantly associated with brain activity during the Eyes Test, and three of the SNPs (rs2254298, rs53576, rs2268491) interacted with diagnostic status to predict brain activity. All of the effects localized to the right supramarginal gyrus (rSMG) and an overlap analysis revealed a large overlap of the effects. An exploratory analysis showed that activity within an anatomically defined rSMG and genotype can predict diagnostic status with reasonable accuracy. Conclusions: This is one of the first studies to investigate OXTR and brain function in autism. The findings suggest a neurogenetic mechanism by which OXTR-dependent activity within the rSMG is related to the aetiology of autism. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-019-0258-4 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=389
in Molecular Autism > 10 (2019) . - 12 p.[article] The oxytocin receptor gene predicts brain activity during an emotion recognition task in autism [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / F. UZEFOVSKY, Auteur ; Richard A. I. BETHLEHEM, Auteur ; S. SHAMAY-TSOORY, Auteur ; A. RUIGROK, Auteur ; R. HOLT, Auteur ; M. SPENCER, Auteur ; L. CHURA, Auteur ; V. WARRIER, Auteur ; Bhismadev CHAKRABARTI, Auteur ; Edward T. BULLMORE, Auteur ; J. SUCKLING, Auteur ; D. FLORIS, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur . - 12 p.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Molecular Autism > 10 (2019) . - 12 p.
Mots-clés : Autism Imaging genetics Oxytocin receptor Supramarginal gyrus fMRI the relevant national and institutional committees on human experimentation and with the Declaration of Helsinki of 1975, as revised in 2008.Not applicable.The authors declare that they have no competing interests.Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: Autism is a highly varied and heritable neurodevelopmental condition, and common variants explain approximately 50% of the genetic variance of autism. One of the genes implicated in autism is the oxytocin receptor (OXTR). The current study combined genetic and brain imaging (fMRI) data to examine the moderating effect of genotype on the association between diagnosis and brain activity in response to a test of cognitive empathy. Methods: Participants were adolescents (mean age = 14.7 +/- 1.7) who were genotyped for single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the OXTR and underwent functional brain imaging while completing the adolescent version of the 'Reading the Mind in the Eyes' Test (Eyes Test). Results: Two (rs2254298, rs53576) of the five OXTR SNPs examined were significantly associated with brain activity during the Eyes Test, and three of the SNPs (rs2254298, rs53576, rs2268491) interacted with diagnostic status to predict brain activity. All of the effects localized to the right supramarginal gyrus (rSMG) and an overlap analysis revealed a large overlap of the effects. An exploratory analysis showed that activity within an anatomically defined rSMG and genotype can predict diagnostic status with reasonable accuracy. Conclusions: This is one of the first studies to investigate OXTR and brain function in autism. The findings suggest a neurogenetic mechanism by which OXTR-dependent activity within the rSMG is related to the aetiology of autism. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-019-0258-4 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=389