Cortical patterns of category-selective activation for faces, places and objects in adults with autism / Kate HUMPHREYS in Autism Research, 1-1 (February 2008)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 1-1 (February 2008) . - p.52-63 Titre : Cortical patterns of category-selective activation for faces, places and objects in adults with autism Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Kate HUMPHREYS, Auteur ; Nancy J. MINSHEW, Auteur ; Marlene BEHRMANN, Auteur ; Uri HASSON, Auteur ; Galia AVIDAN, Auteur Année de publication : 2008 Article en page(s) : p.52-63 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : high-functioning-autism fMRI object-perception occipito-temporal-cortex visual-system Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism is associated with widespread atypicalities in perception, cognition and social behavior. A crucial question concerns how these atypicalities are reflected in the underlying brain activation. One way to examine possible perturbations of cortical organization in autism is to analyze the activation of category-selective ventral visual cortex, already clearly delineated in typical populations. We mapped out the neural correlates of face, place and common object processing, using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), in a group of high-functioning adults with autism and a typical comparison group, under both controlled and more naturalistic, viewing conditions. There were no consistent group differences in place-related regions. Although there were no significant differences in the extent of the object-related regions, there was more variability for these regions in the autism group. The most marked group differences were in face-selective cortex, with individuals with autism evincing reduced activation, not only in fusiform face area but also in superior temporal sulcus and occipital face area. Ventral visual cortex appears to be organized differently in high-functioning adults with autism, at least for face-selective regions, although subtle differences may also exist for other categories. We propose that cascading developmental effects of low-level differences in neuronal connectivity result in a much more pronounced effect on later developing cortical systems, such as that for face-processing, than earlier maturing systems (those for objects and places). En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=929 [article] Cortical patterns of category-selective activation for faces, places and objects in adults with autism [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Kate HUMPHREYS, Auteur ; Nancy J. MINSHEW, Auteur ; Marlene BEHRMANN, Auteur ; Uri HASSON, Auteur ; Galia AVIDAN, Auteur . - 2008 . - p.52-63. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 1-1 (February 2008) . - p.52-63 Mots-clés : high-functioning-autism fMRI object-perception occipito-temporal-cortex visual-system Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism is associated with widespread atypicalities in perception, cognition and social behavior. A crucial question concerns how these atypicalities are reflected in the underlying brain activation. One way to examine possible perturbations of cortical organization in autism is to analyze the activation of category-selective ventral visual cortex, already clearly delineated in typical populations. We mapped out the neural correlates of face, place and common object processing, using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), in a group of high-functioning adults with autism and a typical comparison group, under both controlled and more naturalistic, viewing conditions. There were no consistent group differences in place-related regions. Although there were no significant differences in the extent of the object-related regions, there was more variability for these regions in the autism group. The most marked group differences were in face-selective cortex, with individuals with autism evincing reduced activation, not only in fusiform face area but also in superior temporal sulcus and occipital face area. Ventral visual cortex appears to be organized differently in high-functioning adults with autism, at least for face-selective regions, although subtle differences may also exist for other categories. We propose that cascading developmental effects of low-level differences in neuronal connectivity result in a much more pronounced effect on later developing cortical systems, such as that for face-processing, than earlier maturing systems (those for objects and places). En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=929

Shared and idiosyncratic cortical activation patterns in autism revealed under continuous real-life viewing conditions / Uri HASSON in Autism Research, 2-4 (August 2009)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 2-4 (August 2009) . - p.220-231 Titre : Shared and idiosyncratic cortical activation patterns in autism revealed under continuous real-life viewing conditions Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Uri HASSON, Auteur ; Nancy J. MINSHEW, Auteur ; Marlene BEHRMANN, Auteur ; Galia AVIDAN, Auteur ; Hagar GELBARD, Auteur ; Ignacio VALLINES, Auteur ; Michal HAREL, Auteur Année de publication : 2009 Article en page(s) : p.220-231 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism inter-subject-correlation functional-magnetic-resonance-imaging-(fMRI) hyperconnectivity Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Although widespread alterations in cortical structure have been documented in individuals with autism, the functional implications of these alterations remain to be determined. Here, we adopted a novel inter-subject correlation (inter-SC) and intra-subject correlation (intra-SC) technique to quantify the reliability of the spatio-temporal responses of functional MR activity in adults with autism during free-viewing of a popular audio-visual movie. Whereas these complex stimuli evoke highly reliable shared response time courses in typical individuals, cortical activity was more variable across individuals with autism (low inter-SC). Interestingly, when we measured the responses within an autistic individual across repeated presentations of the movie, we observed a unique, idiosyncratic response time course that was reliably replicated within each individual (high intra-SC). Encouragingly, after filtering out the idiosyncratic responses from each individual time course, we were able to uncover a more typical response profile, which resembles the shared responses seen in the typical subjects. These findings indicate that, under conditions approximating real-life situations, the neural activity of individuals with autism is characterized by individualistic responses that, although reliable within an autistic individual, are both highly variable across autistic individuals and different from the responses observed within the typical subjects. These idiosyncratic responses may underlie the atypical behaviors observed in autism. At the same time, we are encouraged by the presence of the more typical activation pattern lurking beneath these idiosyncratic fluctuations. Taken together, these findings may pave the way to future research aimed at characterizing the idiosyncratic response profiles, which, in turn, might contribute to a better understanding of the heterogeneity of the autism spectrum and its diagnosis. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.89 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=937 [article] Shared and idiosyncratic cortical activation patterns in autism revealed under continuous real-life viewing conditions [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Uri HASSON, Auteur ; Nancy J. MINSHEW, Auteur ; Marlene BEHRMANN, Auteur ; Galia AVIDAN, Auteur ; Hagar GELBARD, Auteur ; Ignacio VALLINES, Auteur ; Michal HAREL, Auteur . - 2009 . - p.220-231. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 2-4 (August 2009) . - p.220-231 Mots-clés : autism inter-subject-correlation functional-magnetic-resonance-imaging-(fMRI) hyperconnectivity Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Although widespread alterations in cortical structure have been documented in individuals with autism, the functional implications of these alterations remain to be determined. Here, we adopted a novel inter-subject correlation (inter-SC) and intra-subject correlation (intra-SC) technique to quantify the reliability of the spatio-temporal responses of functional MR activity in adults with autism during free-viewing of a popular audio-visual movie. Whereas these complex stimuli evoke highly reliable shared response time courses in typical individuals, cortical activity was more variable across individuals with autism (low inter-SC). Interestingly, when we measured the responses within an autistic individual across repeated presentations of the movie, we observed a unique, idiosyncratic response time course that was reliably replicated within each individual (high intra-SC). Encouragingly, after filtering out the idiosyncratic responses from each individual time course, we were able to uncover a more typical response profile, which resembles the shared responses seen in the typical subjects. These findings indicate that, under conditions approximating real-life situations, the neural activity of individuals with autism is characterized by individualistic responses that, although reliable within an autistic individual, are both highly variable across autistic individuals and different from the responses observed within the typical subjects. These idiosyncratic responses may underlie the atypical behaviors observed in autism. At the same time, we are encouraged by the presence of the more typical activation pattern lurking beneath these idiosyncratic fluctuations. Taken together, these findings may pave the way to future research aimed at characterizing the idiosyncratic response profiles, which, in turn, might contribute to a better understanding of the heterogeneity of the autism spectrum and its diagnosis. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.89 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=937

Weaker face recognition in adults with autism arises from perceptually based alterations / Marissa HARTSTON in Autism Research, 16-4 (April 2023)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 16-4 (April 2023) . - p.723-733 Titre : Weaker face recognition in adults with autism arises from perceptually based alterations Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Marissa HARTSTON, Auteur ; Galia AVIDAN, Auteur ; Yoni PERTZOV, Auteur ; Bat-Sheva HADAD, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.723-733 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract Face recognition has been shown to be impaired in autism spectrum disorders (ASD). However, it is still debated whether these face processing deficits arise from perceptually based alterations. We tested individuals with ASD and matched typically developing (TD) individuals using a delayed estimation task in which a single target face was shown either upright or inverted. Participants selected a face that best resembled the target face out of a cyclic space of morphed faces. To enable the disentanglement of visual from mnemonic processing, reports were required either following a 1 and 6 second retention interval, or simultaneously while the target face was still visible. Individuals with ASD made significantly more errors than TD individuals in both the simultaneous and delayed intervals, indicating that face recognition deficits in autism are also perceptual rather than strictly memory based. Moreover, individuals with ASD exhibited weaker inversion effects than the TD individuals, on all retention intervals. This finding, that was mostly evident in precision errors, suggests that contrary to the more precise representations of upright faces in TD individuals, individuals with ASD exhibit similar levels of precision for inverted and upright faces, for both simultaneous and delayed conditions. These results suggest that weakened memory for faces reported in ASD may be secondary to an underlying perceptual deficit in face processing. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.2893 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=499 [article] Weaker face recognition in adults with autism arises from perceptually based alterations [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Marissa HARTSTON, Auteur ; Galia AVIDAN, Auteur ; Yoni PERTZOV, Auteur ; Bat-Sheva HADAD, Auteur . - p.723-733. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 16-4 (April 2023) . - p.723-733 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract Face recognition has been shown to be impaired in autism spectrum disorders (ASD). However, it is still debated whether these face processing deficits arise from perceptually based alterations. We tested individuals with ASD and matched typically developing (TD) individuals using a delayed estimation task in which a single target face was shown either upright or inverted. Participants selected a face that best resembled the target face out of a cyclic space of morphed faces. To enable the disentanglement of visual from mnemonic processing, reports were required either following a 1 and 6 second retention interval, or simultaneously while the target face was still visible. Individuals with ASD made significantly more errors than TD individuals in both the simultaneous and delayed intervals, indicating that face recognition deficits in autism are also perceptual rather than strictly memory based. Moreover, individuals with ASD exhibited weaker inversion effects than the TD individuals, on all retention intervals. This finding, that was mostly evident in precision errors, suggests that contrary to the more precise representations of upright faces in TD individuals, individuals with ASD exhibit similar levels of precision for inverted and upright faces, for both simultaneous and delayed conditions. These results suggest that weakened memory for faces reported in ASD may be secondary to an underlying perceptual deficit in face processing. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.2893 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=499

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