Dépouillements

Autism research: a new journal with a new approach / Anthony J. BAILEY in Autism Research, 1-1 (February 2008)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 1-1 (February 2008) . - p.1-2 Titre : Autism research: a new journal with a new approach Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Anthony J. BAILEY, Auteur Année de publication : 2008 Article en page(s) : p.1-2 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.5 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=929 [article] Autism research: a new journal with a new approach [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Anthony J. BAILEY, Auteur . - 2008 . - p.1-2. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 1-1 (February 2008) . - p.1-2 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.5 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=929

Letter from Autism Speaks / Geraldine DAWSON in Autism Research, 1-1 (February 2008)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 1-1 (February 2008) . - p.3 Titre : Letter from Autism Speaks Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Geraldine DAWSON, Auteur Année de publication : 2008 Article en page(s) : p.3 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.10 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=929 [article] Letter from Autism Speaks [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Geraldine DAWSON, Auteur . - 2008 . - p.3. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 1-1 (February 2008) . - p.3 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.10 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=929

Autism genetics: strategies, challenges, and opportunities / Brian J. O'ROAK in Autism Research, 1-1 (February 2008)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 1-1 (February 2008) . - p.4-17 Titre : Autism genetics: strategies, challenges, and opportunities Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Brian J. O'ROAK, Auteur ; Matthew W. STATE, Auteur Année de publication : 2008 Article en page(s) : p.4-17 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism genetics linkage association gene-discovery Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Although genes have long been appreciated to play a critical role in determining the risk for pervasive developmental disorders, the specific transcripts contributing to autism spectrum disorders (ASD) have been quite difficult to characterize. However, recent findings are now providing the first insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying these syndromes and have begun to shed light on the allelic architecture of ASD. In this article, we address what is known about the relative contributions of various types of genetic variation to ASD, consider the obstacles facing gene discovery in this complex disorder, and evaluate the common methodologies employed to address these issues, including linkage, molecular and array-based cytogenetics, and association strategies. We review the current literature, highlighting recent findings implicating both rare mutations and common genetic polymorphisms in the etiology of autism. Finally, we describe key advances in genomic technologies that are transforming all areas of human genetics and consider both the opportunities and challenges for autism research posed by these rapid changes. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.3 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=929 [article] Autism genetics: strategies, challenges, and opportunities [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Brian J. O'ROAK, Auteur ; Matthew W. STATE, Auteur . - 2008 . - p.4-17. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 1-1 (February 2008) . - p.4-17 Mots-clés : autism genetics linkage association gene-discovery Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Although genes have long been appreciated to play a critical role in determining the risk for pervasive developmental disorders, the specific transcripts contributing to autism spectrum disorders (ASD) have been quite difficult to characterize. However, recent findings are now providing the first insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying these syndromes and have begun to shed light on the allelic architecture of ASD. In this article, we address what is known about the relative contributions of various types of genetic variation to ASD, consider the obstacles facing gene discovery in this complex disorder, and evaluate the common methodologies employed to address these issues, including linkage, molecular and array-based cytogenetics, and association strategies. We review the current literature, highlighting recent findings implicating both rare mutations and common genetic polymorphisms in the etiology of autism. Finally, we describe key advances in genomic technologies that are transforming all areas of human genetics and consider both the opportunities and challenges for autism research posed by these rapid changes. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.3 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=929

The potential role for emergence in autism / George M. ANDERSON in Autism Research, 1-1 (February 2008)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 1-1 (February 2008) . - p.18-30 Titre : The potential role for emergence in autism Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : George M. ANDERSON, Auteur Année de publication : 2008 Article en page(s) : p.18-30 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism emergence emergent dimensional fractionable intellectual-disability epilepsy Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Although most research on autistic behavior has considered autism categorically, the increasingly apparent genetic and phenotypic complexities of autism are prompting a more dimensional approach to this area. The long-standing interest in a less categorical approach is made clear from a review of literature. The accumulating empirical support for viewing autism-related phenomena as separable and fractionable is outlined and includes data indicating that many of the behaviors occur in isolation in family members and the general population, are not highly correlated within individuals, and appear to be inherited separately. However, it is emphasized that some of the most common and characteristic phenomena observed in individuals diagnosed with autism do not run in their families. It is suggested that these novel, emergent, phenomena may arise in the individual from interacting configurations of co-occurring traits or from the interaction of genetic and biological factors underlying the traits. A number of autism-related phenomena including intellectual disability, seizures, persistence of primitive reflexes, stereotypies, self-injurious behavior, savant abilities, and morphological abnormalities, among others, are discussed as potentially being emergent. It is concluded that consideration of the role of emergence in autistic behavior and related phenomena should complement a reductionist approach and might help illuminate the components and complexities of autism. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=929 [article] The potential role for emergence in autism [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / George M. ANDERSON, Auteur . - 2008 . - p.18-30. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 1-1 (February 2008) . - p.18-30 Mots-clés : autism emergence emergent dimensional fractionable intellectual-disability epilepsy Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Although most research on autistic behavior has considered autism categorically, the increasingly apparent genetic and phenotypic complexities of autism are prompting a more dimensional approach to this area. The long-standing interest in a less categorical approach is made clear from a review of literature. The accumulating empirical support for viewing autism-related phenomena as separable and fractionable is outlined and includes data indicating that many of the behaviors occur in isolation in family members and the general population, are not highly correlated within individuals, and appear to be inherited separately. However, it is emphasized that some of the most common and characteristic phenomena observed in individuals diagnosed with autism do not run in their families. It is suggested that these novel, emergent, phenomena may arise in the individual from interacting configurations of co-occurring traits or from the interaction of genetic and biological factors underlying the traits. A number of autism-related phenomena including intellectual disability, seizures, persistence of primitive reflexes, stereotypies, self-injurious behavior, savant abilities, and morphological abnormalities, among others, are discussed as potentially being emergent. It is concluded that consideration of the role of emergence in autistic behavior and related phenomena should complement a reductionist approach and might help illuminate the components and complexities of autism. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=929

Children with autism demonstrate circumscribed attention during passive viewing of complex social and nonsocial picture arrays / Noah J. SASSON in Autism Research, 1-1 (February 2008)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 1-1 (February 2008) . - p.31-42 Titre : Children with autism demonstrate circumscribed attention during passive viewing of complex social and nonsocial picture arrays Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Noah J. SASSON, Auteur ; Kristen S. L. LAM, Auteur ; Lauren M. TURNER-BROWN, Auteur ; Tia N. HOLTZCLAW, Auteur ; James W. BODFISH, Auteur Année de publication : 2008 Article en page(s) : p.31-42 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism repetitive-behavior circumscribed-interests visual-exploration attention Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Although circumscribed interests are a hallmark characteristic of autism spectrum disorders, providing a means for quantifying their functional impairment has proven difficult. We developed a passive viewing task to measure aspects of visual attention in children with autism spectrum disorders and typically developing controls. Task stimuli included picture arrays that were matched for social and nonsocial content. Nonsocial content was balanced to include items related to circumscribed interests (e.g., trains) as well as more commonplace items (e.g., furniture). Discrete aspects of gaze behavior were quantified using eye-tracking technology. Results indicate that visual attention in the autism group was more circumscribed (as indicated by the exploration of fewer images), more perseverative (as indicated by longer fixation times per image explored), and more detail oriented (as indicated by a greater number of discrete fixations on explored images). This pattern of results was similar for both social and object arrays. Within the autism group, overall severity of repetitive behavior symptoms correlated positively with exploration of object pictures and negatively with perseveration on social pictures. Results suggest that children with autism have a domain-general pattern of atypical visual attention that may represent an exaggeration of a typical attentional process and is related to a tendency to perseverate on images of interest and explore them in a more detail-oriented manner. Discrete measures of visual attention may therefore provide a reasonable means of quantifying aspects of the repetitive behavior phenotype in autism. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.4 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=929 [article] Children with autism demonstrate circumscribed attention during passive viewing of complex social and nonsocial picture arrays [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Noah J. SASSON, Auteur ; Kristen S. L. LAM, Auteur ; Lauren M. TURNER-BROWN, Auteur ; Tia N. HOLTZCLAW, Auteur ; James W. BODFISH, Auteur . - 2008 . - p.31-42. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 1-1 (February 2008) . - p.31-42 Mots-clés : autism repetitive-behavior circumscribed-interests visual-exploration attention Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Although circumscribed interests are a hallmark characteristic of autism spectrum disorders, providing a means for quantifying their functional impairment has proven difficult. We developed a passive viewing task to measure aspects of visual attention in children with autism spectrum disorders and typically developing controls. Task stimuli included picture arrays that were matched for social and nonsocial content. Nonsocial content was balanced to include items related to circumscribed interests (e.g., trains) as well as more commonplace items (e.g., furniture). Discrete aspects of gaze behavior were quantified using eye-tracking technology. Results indicate that visual attention in the autism group was more circumscribed (as indicated by the exploration of fewer images), more perseverative (as indicated by longer fixation times per image explored), and more detail oriented (as indicated by a greater number of discrete fixations on explored images). This pattern of results was similar for both social and object arrays. Within the autism group, overall severity of repetitive behavior symptoms correlated positively with exploration of object pictures and negatively with perseveration on social pictures. Results suggest that children with autism have a domain-general pattern of atypical visual attention that may represent an exaggeration of a typical attentional process and is related to a tendency to perseverate on images of interest and explore them in a more detail-oriented manner. Discrete measures of visual attention may therefore provide a reasonable means of quantifying aspects of the repetitive behavior phenotype in autism. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.4 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=929

Face and object processing in autism spectrum disorders / Simon WALLACE in Autism Research, 1-1 (February 2008)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 1-1 (February 2008) . - p.43-51 Titre : Face and object processing in autism spectrum disorders Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Simon WALLACE, Auteur ; Michael COLEMAN, Auteur ; Anthony J. BAILEY, Auteur Année de publication : 2008 Article en page(s) : p.43-51 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism Asperger-syndrome autism-spectrum-disorder face object holistic configural cognitive Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The nature and extent of face-processing impairments in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) remain contentious. The aim of this research study is to assess the face- and object-processing performance of individuals with ASD compared with typically developing controls. Our hypothesis was that individuals with ASD would be significantly impaired on tests of face processing but show intact object processing. More specifically, we tested two competing hypotheses to explain face-processing deficits: holistic hypothesis; second-order configural hypothesis. Twenty-six able adults with ASD and 26 intelligence quotient-matched typically developing controls completed two computerized tests of face and object discrimination. In task 1, the first picture (faces or cars) in a pair was presented as quickly as 40 msec to test holistic processing. In task 2, the decision was whether pairs of faces or houses had been altered in terms of the features or the distance between the features (the second-order configural properties). Individuals with ASD were impaired on all tests of face processing but showed intact object processing and the pattern of findings favored the holistic hypothesis. The heterogeneous pattern of performance in the clinical group showed that some individuals with ASD perform similarly to typically developing individuals in their face-processing skills, whereas others are more accurate in object processing compared with face processing. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.7 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=929 [article] Face and object processing in autism spectrum disorders [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Simon WALLACE, Auteur ; Michael COLEMAN, Auteur ; Anthony J. BAILEY, Auteur . - 2008 . - p.43-51. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 1-1 (February 2008) . - p.43-51 Mots-clés : autism Asperger-syndrome autism-spectrum-disorder face object holistic configural cognitive Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The nature and extent of face-processing impairments in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) remain contentious. The aim of this research study is to assess the face- and object-processing performance of individuals with ASD compared with typically developing controls. Our hypothesis was that individuals with ASD would be significantly impaired on tests of face processing but show intact object processing. More specifically, we tested two competing hypotheses to explain face-processing deficits: holistic hypothesis; second-order configural hypothesis. Twenty-six able adults with ASD and 26 intelligence quotient-matched typically developing controls completed two computerized tests of face and object discrimination. In task 1, the first picture (faces or cars) in a pair was presented as quickly as 40 msec to test holistic processing. In task 2, the decision was whether pairs of faces or houses had been altered in terms of the features or the distance between the features (the second-order configural properties). Individuals with ASD were impaired on all tests of face processing but showed intact object processing and the pattern of findings favored the holistic hypothesis. The heterogeneous pattern of performance in the clinical group showed that some individuals with ASD perform similarly to typically developing individuals in their face-processing skills, whereas others are more accurate in object processing compared with face processing. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.7 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=929

Cortical patterns of category-selective activation for faces, places and objects in adults with autism / Kate HUMPHREYS in Autism Research, 1-1 (February 2008)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 1-1 (February 2008) . - p.52-63 Titre : Cortical patterns of category-selective activation for faces, places and objects in adults with autism Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Kate HUMPHREYS, Auteur ; Nancy J. MINSHEW, Auteur ; Marlene BEHRMANN, Auteur ; Uri HASSON, Auteur ; Galia AVIDAN, Auteur Année de publication : 2008 Article en page(s) : p.52-63 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : high-functioning-autism fMRI object-perception occipito-temporal-cortex visual-system Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism is associated with widespread atypicalities in perception, cognition and social behavior. A crucial question concerns how these atypicalities are reflected in the underlying brain activation. One way to examine possible perturbations of cortical organization in autism is to analyze the activation of category-selective ventral visual cortex, already clearly delineated in typical populations. We mapped out the neural correlates of face, place and common object processing, using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), in a group of high-functioning adults with autism and a typical comparison group, under both controlled and more naturalistic, viewing conditions. There were no consistent group differences in place-related regions. Although there were no significant differences in the extent of the object-related regions, there was more variability for these regions in the autism group. The most marked group differences were in face-selective cortex, with individuals with autism evincing reduced activation, not only in fusiform face area but also in superior temporal sulcus and occipital face area. Ventral visual cortex appears to be organized differently in high-functioning adults with autism, at least for face-selective regions, although subtle differences may also exist for other categories. We propose that cascading developmental effects of low-level differences in neuronal connectivity result in a much more pronounced effect on later developing cortical systems, such as that for face-processing, than earlier maturing systems (those for objects and places). En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=929 [article] Cortical patterns of category-selective activation for faces, places and objects in adults with autism [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Kate HUMPHREYS, Auteur ; Nancy J. MINSHEW, Auteur ; Marlene BEHRMANN, Auteur ; Uri HASSON, Auteur ; Galia AVIDAN, Auteur . - 2008 . - p.52-63. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 1-1 (February 2008) . - p.52-63 Mots-clés : high-functioning-autism fMRI object-perception occipito-temporal-cortex visual-system Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism is associated with widespread atypicalities in perception, cognition and social behavior. A crucial question concerns how these atypicalities are reflected in the underlying brain activation. One way to examine possible perturbations of cortical organization in autism is to analyze the activation of category-selective ventral visual cortex, already clearly delineated in typical populations. We mapped out the neural correlates of face, place and common object processing, using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), in a group of high-functioning adults with autism and a typical comparison group, under both controlled and more naturalistic, viewing conditions. There were no consistent group differences in place-related regions. Although there were no significant differences in the extent of the object-related regions, there was more variability for these regions in the autism group. The most marked group differences were in face-selective cortex, with individuals with autism evincing reduced activation, not only in fusiform face area but also in superior temporal sulcus and occipital face area. Ventral visual cortex appears to be organized differently in high-functioning adults with autism, at least for face-selective regions, although subtle differences may also exist for other categories. We propose that cascading developmental effects of low-level differences in neuronal connectivity result in a much more pronounced effect on later developing cortical systems, such as that for face-processing, than earlier maturing systems (those for objects and places). En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=929

Literature Review in Autism Research, 1-1 (February 2008)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 1-1 (February 2008) . - p.64-66 Titre : Literature Review Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Année de publication : 2008 Article en page(s) : p.64-66 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.6 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=930 [article] Literature Review [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] . - 2008 . - p.64-66. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 1-1 (February 2008) . - p.64-66 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.6 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=930

Lay Abstracts in Autism Research, 1-1 (February 2008)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 1-1 (February 2008) . - p.67-68 Titre : Lay Abstracts Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Année de publication : 2008 Article en page(s) : p.67-68 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.8 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=930 [article] Lay Abstracts [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] . - 2008 . - p.67-68. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 1-1 (February 2008) . - p.67-68 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.8 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=930

7th International Meeting for Autism Research, London 15th-17th May, 2008 http://autism-insar.org/ in Autism Research, 1-1 (February 2008)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 1-1 (February 2008) . - p.69 Titre : 7th International Meeting for Autism Research, London 15th-17th May, 2008 http://autism-insar.org/ Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Année de publication : 2008 Article en page(s) : p.69 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.9 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=930 [article] 7th International Meeting for Autism Research, London 15th-17th May, 2008 http://autism-insar.org/ [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] . - 2008 . - p.69. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 1-1 (February 2008) . - p.69 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.9 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=930