Behavioral sensitivity to changing reinforcement contingencies in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder / Brent ALSOP in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 57-8 (August 2016)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 57-8 (August 2016) . - p.947-956 Titre : Behavioral sensitivity to changing reinforcement contingencies in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Brent ALSOP, Auteur ; Emi FURUKAWA, Auteur ; Paula SOWERBY, Auteur ; Stephanie JENSEN, Auteur ; Cara MOFFAT, Auteur ; Gail TRIPP, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.947-956 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder  response allocation  reinforcement  change Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Altered sensitivity to positive reinforcement has been hypothesized to contribute to the symptoms of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). In this study, we evaluated the ability of children with and without ADHD to adapt their behavior to changing reinforcer availability. Method Of one hundred sixty-seven children, 97 diagnosed with ADHD completed a signal-detection task in which correct discriminations between two stimuli were associated with different frequencies of reinforcement. The response alternative associated with the higher rate of reinforcement switched twice during the task without warning. For a subset of participants, this was followed by trials for which no reinforcement was delivered, irrespective of performance. Results Children in both groups developed an initial bias toward the more frequently reinforced response alternative. When the response alternative associated with the higher rate of reinforcement switched, the children's response allocation (bias) followed suit, but this effect was significantly smaller for children with ADHD. When reinforcement was discontinued, only children in the control group modified their response pattern. Conclusions Children with ADHD adjust their behavioral responses to changing reinforcer availability less than typically developing children, when reinforcement is intermittent and the association between an action and its consequences is uncertain. This may explain the difficulty children with ADHD have adapting their behavior to new situations, with different reinforcement contingencies, in daily life. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12561 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=292 [article] Behavioral sensitivity to changing reinforcement contingencies in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Brent ALSOP, Auteur ; Emi FURUKAWA, Auteur ; Paula SOWERBY, Auteur ; Stephanie JENSEN, Auteur ; Cara MOFFAT, Auteur ; Gail TRIPP, Auteur . - p.947-956. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 57-8 (August 2016) . - p.947-956 Mots-clés : Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder  response allocation  reinforcement  change Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Altered sensitivity to positive reinforcement has been hypothesized to contribute to the symptoms of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). In this study, we evaluated the ability of children with and without ADHD to adapt their behavior to changing reinforcer availability. Method Of one hundred sixty-seven children, 97 diagnosed with ADHD completed a signal-detection task in which correct discriminations between two stimuli were associated with different frequencies of reinforcement. The response alternative associated with the higher rate of reinforcement switched twice during the task without warning. For a subset of participants, this was followed by trials for which no reinforcement was delivered, irrespective of performance. Results Children in both groups developed an initial bias toward the more frequently reinforced response alternative. When the response alternative associated with the higher rate of reinforcement switched, the children's response allocation (bias) followed suit, but this effect was significantly smaller for children with ADHD. When reinforcement was discontinued, only children in the control group modified their response pattern. Conclusions Children with ADHD adjust their behavioral responses to changing reinforcer availability less than typically developing children, when reinforcement is intermittent and the association between an action and its consequences is uncertain. This may explain the difficulty children with ADHD have adapting their behavior to new situations, with different reinforcement contingencies, in daily life. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12561 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=292

Evidence for increased behavioral control by punishment in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder / Emi FURUKAWA in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 58-3 (March 2017)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 58-3 (March 2017) . - p.248-257 Titre : Evidence for increased behavioral control by punishment in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Emi FURUKAWA, Auteur ; Brent ALSOP, Auteur ; Paula SOWERBY, Auteur ; Stephanie JENSEN, Auteur ; Gail TRIPP, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.248-257 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder  punishment  response allocation  matching law Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background The behavioral sensitivity of children with ADHD to punishment has received limited theoretical and experimental attention. This study evaluated the effects of punishment on the response allocation of children with ADHD and typically developing children. Method Two hundred and ten children, 145 diagnosed with ADHD, completed an operant task in which they chose between playing two simultaneously available games. Reward was arranged symmetrically across the games under concurrent variable interval schedules. Asymmetric punishment schedules were superimposed; responses on one game were punished four times as often as responses on the other. Results Both groups allocated more of their responses to the less frequently punished alternative. Response bias increased significantly in the ADHD group during later trials, resulting in missed reward trials and reduced earnings. Conclusions Punishment exerted greater control over the response allocation of children with ADHD with increased time on task. Children with ADHD appear more sensitive to the cumulative effects of punishment than typically developing children. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12635 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=303 [article] Evidence for increased behavioral control by punishment in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Emi FURUKAWA, Auteur ; Brent ALSOP, Auteur ; Paula SOWERBY, Auteur ; Stephanie JENSEN, Auteur ; Gail TRIPP, Auteur . - p.248-257. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 58-3 (March 2017) . - p.248-257 Mots-clés : Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder  punishment  response allocation  matching law Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background The behavioral sensitivity of children with ADHD to punishment has received limited theoretical and experimental attention. This study evaluated the effects of punishment on the response allocation of children with ADHD and typically developing children. Method Two hundred and ten children, 145 diagnosed with ADHD, completed an operant task in which they chose between playing two simultaneously available games. Reward was arranged symmetrically across the games under concurrent variable interval schedules. Asymmetric punishment schedules were superimposed; responses on one game were punished four times as often as responses on the other. Results Both groups allocated more of their responses to the less frequently punished alternative. Response bias increased significantly in the ADHD group during later trials, resulting in missed reward trials and reduced earnings. Conclusions Punishment exerted greater control over the response allocation of children with ADHD with increased time on task. Children with ADHD appear more sensitive to the cumulative effects of punishment than typically developing children. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12635 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=303

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