Dépouillements

Editorial: The search for core symptoms – will this help clinical decision-making? / Courtenay F. NORBURY in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 57-8 (August 2016)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 57-8 (August 2016) . - p.881-883 Titre : Editorial: The search for core symptoms – will this help clinical decision-making? Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Courtenay F. NORBURY, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.881-883 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Differential diagnosis  co-morbidity  treatment Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Diagnosis is an important component of our clinical roles, and should also lead to particular treatment pathways. The diagnostic process may be challenged by co-occurring deficits that are neither specific nor universal to the diagnosis under consideration and may well be evident across a range of other clinical conditions. How important is it to refine our instruments so that they measure unique symptoms? Will this alter or improve intervention choices? This Editorial focuses on the extent to which fine tuning diagnostic instruments improves our decisions about treatment, in the context of articles published in this issue of JCPP. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12603 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=292 [article] Editorial: The search for core symptoms – will this help clinical decision-making? [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Courtenay F. NORBURY, Auteur . - p.881-883. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 57-8 (August 2016) . - p.881-883 Mots-clés : Differential diagnosis  co-morbidity  treatment Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Diagnosis is an important component of our clinical roles, and should also lead to particular treatment pathways. The diagnostic process may be challenged by co-occurring deficits that are neither specific nor universal to the diagnosis under consideration and may well be evident across a range of other clinical conditions. How important is it to refine our instruments so that they measure unique symptoms? Will this alter or improve intervention choices? This Editorial focuses on the extent to which fine tuning diagnostic instruments improves our decisions about treatment, in the context of articles published in this issue of JCPP. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12603 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=292

Research Review: Changes in the prevalence and symptom severity of child post-traumatic stress disorder in the year following trauma – a meta-analytic study / Rachel M. HILLER in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 57-8 (August 2016)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 57-8 (August 2016) . - p.884-898 Titre : Research Review: Changes in the prevalence and symptom severity of child post-traumatic stress disorder in the year following trauma – a meta-analytic study Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Rachel M. HILLER, Auteur ; Richard MEISER-STEDMAN, Auteur ; Richard M. PASCO FEARON, Auteur ; Sarah LOBO, Auteur ; Anna MCKINNON, Auteur ; Abigail FRASER, Auteur ; Sarah L. HALLIGAN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.884-898 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Child  adolescent  trauma  posttraumatic stress  meta-analysis  longitudinal Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Understanding the natural course of child and adolescent posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has significant implications for the identification of, and intervention for, at-risk youth. We used a meta-analytic approach to examine longitudinal changes in youth PTSD prevalence and symptoms over the first 12 months posttrauma. Methods We conducted a systematic review to identify longitudinal studies of PTSD in young people (5–18 years old), excluding treatment trials. The search yielded 27 peer-reviewed studies and one unpublished dataset for analysis of pooled prevalence estimates, relative prevalence reduction and standardised mean symptom change. Key moderators were also explored, including age, proportion of boys in the sample, initial prevalence of PTSD and PTSD measurement type. Results Analyses demonstrated moderate declines in PTSD prevalence and symptom severity over the first 3–6 months posttrauma. From 1 to 6 months posttrauma, the prevalence of PTSD reduced by approximately 50%. Symptoms also showed moderate decline, particularly across the first 3 months posttrauma. There was little evidence of further change in prevalence or symptom severity after 6 months, suggesting that it is unlikely a child would lose a PTSD diagnosis without intervention beyond this point. Conclusions The current findings provide key information about the likelihood of posttrauma recovery in the absence of intervention and have important implications for our understanding of child and adolescent PTSD. Results are discussed with reference to the timing of PTSD screening and the potential role of early interventions. Findings particularly highlight the importance of future research to develop our understanding of what factors prevent the action of normal recovery from the ‘acute’ posttrauma period. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12566 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=292 [article] Research Review: Changes in the prevalence and symptom severity of child post-traumatic stress disorder in the year following trauma – a meta-analytic study [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Rachel M. HILLER, Auteur ; Richard MEISER-STEDMAN, Auteur ; Richard M. PASCO FEARON, Auteur ; Sarah LOBO, Auteur ; Anna MCKINNON, Auteur ; Abigail FRASER, Auteur ; Sarah L. HALLIGAN, Auteur . - p.884-898. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 57-8 (August 2016) . - p.884-898 Mots-clés : Child  adolescent  trauma  posttraumatic stress  meta-analysis  longitudinal Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Understanding the natural course of child and adolescent posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has significant implications for the identification of, and intervention for, at-risk youth. We used a meta-analytic approach to examine longitudinal changes in youth PTSD prevalence and symptoms over the first 12 months posttrauma. Methods We conducted a systematic review to identify longitudinal studies of PTSD in young people (5–18 years old), excluding treatment trials. The search yielded 27 peer-reviewed studies and one unpublished dataset for analysis of pooled prevalence estimates, relative prevalence reduction and standardised mean symptom change. Key moderators were also explored, including age, proportion of boys in the sample, initial prevalence of PTSD and PTSD measurement type. Results Analyses demonstrated moderate declines in PTSD prevalence and symptom severity over the first 3–6 months posttrauma. From 1 to 6 months posttrauma, the prevalence of PTSD reduced by approximately 50%. Symptoms also showed moderate decline, particularly across the first 3 months posttrauma. There was little evidence of further change in prevalence or symptom severity after 6 months, suggesting that it is unlikely a child would lose a PTSD diagnosis without intervention beyond this point. Conclusions The current findings provide key information about the likelihood of posttrauma recovery in the absence of intervention and have important implications for our understanding of child and adolescent PTSD. Results are discussed with reference to the timing of PTSD screening and the potential role of early interventions. Findings particularly highlight the importance of future research to develop our understanding of what factors prevent the action of normal recovery from the ‘acute’ posttrauma period. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12566 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=292

Restrictive educational placements increase adolescent risks for students with early-starting conduct problems / Christopher J. POWERS in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 57-8 (August 2016)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 57-8 (August 2016) . - p.899-908 Titre : Restrictive educational placements increase adolescent risks for students with early-starting conduct problems Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Christopher J. POWERS, Auteur ; Karen L. BIERMAN, Auteur ; Donna L. COFFMAN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.899-908 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Aggression  special education  adolescent maladjustment Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Students with early-starting conduct problems often do poorly in school; they are disproportionately placed in restrictive educational placements outside of mainstream classrooms. Although intended to benefit students, research suggests that restrictive placements may exacerbate the maladjustment of youth with conduct problems. Mixed findings, small samples, and flawed designs limit the utility of existing research. Methods This study examined the impact of restrictive educational placements on three adolescent outcomes (high school noncompletion, conduct disorder, depressive symptoms) in a sample of 861 students with early-starting conduct problems followed longitudinally from kindergarten (age 5–6). Causal modeling with propensity scores was used to adjust for confounding factors associated with restrictive placements. Analyses explored the timing of placement (elementary vs. secondary school) and moderation of impact by initial problem severity. Results Restrictive educational placement in secondary school (but not in elementary school) was iatrogenic, increasing the risk of high school noncompletion and the severity of adolescent conduct disorder. Negative effects were amplified for students with conduct problem behavior with less cognitive impairment. Conclusions To avoid harm to students and to society, schools must find alternatives to restrictive placements for students with conduct problems in secondary school, particularly when these students do not have cognitive impairments that might warrant specialized educational supports. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12487 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=292 [article] Restrictive educational placements increase adolescent risks for students with early-starting conduct problems [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Christopher J. POWERS, Auteur ; Karen L. BIERMAN, Auteur ; Donna L. COFFMAN, Auteur . - p.899-908. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 57-8 (August 2016) . - p.899-908 Mots-clés : Aggression  special education  adolescent maladjustment Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Students with early-starting conduct problems often do poorly in school; they are disproportionately placed in restrictive educational placements outside of mainstream classrooms. Although intended to benefit students, research suggests that restrictive placements may exacerbate the maladjustment of youth with conduct problems. Mixed findings, small samples, and flawed designs limit the utility of existing research. Methods This study examined the impact of restrictive educational placements on three adolescent outcomes (high school noncompletion, conduct disorder, depressive symptoms) in a sample of 861 students with early-starting conduct problems followed longitudinally from kindergarten (age 5–6). Causal modeling with propensity scores was used to adjust for confounding factors associated with restrictive placements. Analyses explored the timing of placement (elementary vs. secondary school) and moderation of impact by initial problem severity. Results Restrictive educational placement in secondary school (but not in elementary school) was iatrogenic, increasing the risk of high school noncompletion and the severity of adolescent conduct disorder. Negative effects were amplified for students with conduct problem behavior with less cognitive impairment. Conclusions To avoid harm to students and to society, schools must find alternatives to restrictive placements for students with conduct problems in secondary school, particularly when these students do not have cognitive impairments that might warrant specialized educational supports. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12487 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=292

Subdimensions of social-communication impairment in autism spectrum disorder / Somer L. BISHOP in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 57-8 (August 2016)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 57-8 (August 2016) . - p.909-916 Titre : Subdimensions of social-communication impairment in autism spectrum disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Somer L. BISHOP, Auteur ; Karoline Alexandra HAVDAHL, Auteur ; Marisela HUERTA, Auteur ; Catherine LORD, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.909-916 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism severity  Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule  measurement  basic social communication  Interaction Quality Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background More refined dimensions of social-communication impairment are needed to elucidate the clinical and biological boundaries of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and other childhood onset psychiatric disorders associated with social difficulties, as well as to facilitate investigations in treatment and long-term outcomes of these disorders. Methods This study was intended to identify separable dimensions of clinician-observed social-communication impairments by examining scores on a widely used autism diagnostic instrument. Participants included verbally fluent children ages 3–13 years, who were given a clinical diagnosis of ASD (n = 120) or non-ASD (i.e. ADHD, language disorder, intellectual disability, mood or anxiety disorder; n = 118) following a comprehensive diagnostic assessment. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis examined the factor structure of algorithm items from the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS), Module 3. Results Results indicated that a three-factor model consisting of repetitive behaviors and two separate social-communication behavior factors had superior fit compared to a two-factor model that included repetitive behaviors and one social-communication behavior factor. In the three-factor model, impairments in ‘Basic Social-Communication’ behaviors (e.g. eye contact, facial expressions, gestures) were separated from impairments in ‘Interaction quality.’ Confirmatory factor analysis in an independent sample of children in the Simons Simplex Collection (SSC) further supported the division of social-communication impairments into these two factors. Scores in Interaction Quality were significantly associated with nonverbal IQ and male sex in the ASD group, and with age in the non-ASD group, while scores in basic social communication were not significantly associated with any of these child characteristics in either diagnostic group. Conclusions Efforts to conceptualize level, or severity, of social-communication impairment in children with neurodevelopmental disorders might be facilitated by separating the most basic (or proximal) social-communication impairments from those that could arise from a range of other phenotypic variables. Identification of social-communication subdimensions also highlights potential avenues for measuring different types of social-communication impairments for different purposes (e.g. for differential diagnosis vs. response to treatment). En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12510 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=292 [article] Subdimensions of social-communication impairment in autism spectrum disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Somer L. BISHOP, Auteur ; Karoline Alexandra HAVDAHL, Auteur ; Marisela HUERTA, Auteur ; Catherine LORD, Auteur . - p.909-916. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 57-8 (August 2016) . - p.909-916 Mots-clés : Autism severity  Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule  measurement  basic social communication  Interaction Quality Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background More refined dimensions of social-communication impairment are needed to elucidate the clinical and biological boundaries of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and other childhood onset psychiatric disorders associated with social difficulties, as well as to facilitate investigations in treatment and long-term outcomes of these disorders. Methods This study was intended to identify separable dimensions of clinician-observed social-communication impairments by examining scores on a widely used autism diagnostic instrument. Participants included verbally fluent children ages 3–13 years, who were given a clinical diagnosis of ASD (n = 120) or non-ASD (i.e. ADHD, language disorder, intellectual disability, mood or anxiety disorder; n = 118) following a comprehensive diagnostic assessment. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis examined the factor structure of algorithm items from the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS), Module 3. Results Results indicated that a three-factor model consisting of repetitive behaviors and two separate social-communication behavior factors had superior fit compared to a two-factor model that included repetitive behaviors and one social-communication behavior factor. In the three-factor model, impairments in ‘Basic Social-Communication’ behaviors (e.g. eye contact, facial expressions, gestures) were separated from impairments in ‘Interaction quality.’ Confirmatory factor analysis in an independent sample of children in the Simons Simplex Collection (SSC) further supported the division of social-communication impairments into these two factors. Scores in Interaction Quality were significantly associated with nonverbal IQ and male sex in the ASD group, and with age in the non-ASD group, while scores in basic social communication were not significantly associated with any of these child characteristics in either diagnostic group. Conclusions Efforts to conceptualize level, or severity, of social-communication impairment in children with neurodevelopmental disorders might be facilitated by separating the most basic (or proximal) social-communication impairments from those that could arise from a range of other phenotypic variables. Identification of social-communication subdimensions also highlights potential avenues for measuring different types of social-communication impairments for different purposes (e.g. for differential diagnosis vs. response to treatment). En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12510 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=292

Does comorbid anxiety counteract emotion recognition deficits in conduct disorder? / Roxanna M. L. SHORT in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 57-8 (August 2016)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 57-8 (August 2016) . - p.917-926 Titre : Does comorbid anxiety counteract emotion recognition deficits in conduct disorder? Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Roxanna M. L. SHORT, Auteur ; Edmund J. S. SONUGA-BARKE, Auteur ; Wendy J. ADAMS, Auteur ; Graeme FAIRCHILD, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.917-926 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Conduct disorder  anxiety disorder  callous-unemotional traits  comorbidity  emotion recognition  response biases  social information processing Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Previous research has reported altered emotion recognition in both conduct disorder (CD) and anxiety disorders (ADs) – but these effects appear to be of different kinds. Adolescents with CD often show a generalised pattern of deficits, while those with ADs show hypersensitivity to specific negative emotions. Although these conditions often cooccur, little is known regarding emotion recognition performance in comorbid CD+ADs. Here, we test the hypothesis that in the comorbid case, anxiety-related emotion hypersensitivity counteracts the emotion recognition deficits typically observed in CD. Method We compared facial emotion recognition across four groups of adolescents aged 12–18 years: those with CD alone (n = 28), ADs alone (n = 23), cooccurring CD+ADs (n = 20) and typically developing controls (n = 28). The emotion recognition task we used systematically manipulated the emotional intensity of facial expressions as well as fixation location (eye, nose or mouth region). Results Conduct disorder was associated with a generalised impairment in emotion recognition; however, this may have been modulated by group differences in IQ. AD was associated with increased sensitivity to low-intensity happiness, disgust and sadness. In general, the comorbid CD+ADs group performed similarly to typically developing controls. Conclusions Although CD alone was associated with emotion recognition impairments, ADs and comorbid CD+ADs were associated with normal or enhanced emotion recognition performance. The presence of comorbid ADs appeared to counteract the effects of CD, suggesting a potentially protective role, although future research should examine the contribution of IQ and gender to these effects. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12544 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=292 [article] Does comorbid anxiety counteract emotion recognition deficits in conduct disorder? [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Roxanna M. L. SHORT, Auteur ; Edmund J. S. SONUGA-BARKE, Auteur ; Wendy J. ADAMS, Auteur ; Graeme FAIRCHILD, Auteur . - p.917-926. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 57-8 (August 2016) . - p.917-926 Mots-clés : Conduct disorder  anxiety disorder  callous-unemotional traits  comorbidity  emotion recognition  response biases  social information processing Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Previous research has reported altered emotion recognition in both conduct disorder (CD) and anxiety disorders (ADs) – but these effects appear to be of different kinds. Adolescents with CD often show a generalised pattern of deficits, while those with ADs show hypersensitivity to specific negative emotions. Although these conditions often cooccur, little is known regarding emotion recognition performance in comorbid CD+ADs. Here, we test the hypothesis that in the comorbid case, anxiety-related emotion hypersensitivity counteracts the emotion recognition deficits typically observed in CD. Method We compared facial emotion recognition across four groups of adolescents aged 12–18 years: those with CD alone (n = 28), ADs alone (n = 23), cooccurring CD+ADs (n = 20) and typically developing controls (n = 28). The emotion recognition task we used systematically manipulated the emotional intensity of facial expressions as well as fixation location (eye, nose or mouth region). Results Conduct disorder was associated with a generalised impairment in emotion recognition; however, this may have been modulated by group differences in IQ. AD was associated with increased sensitivity to low-intensity happiness, disgust and sadness. In general, the comorbid CD+ADs group performed similarly to typically developing controls. Conclusions Although CD alone was associated with emotion recognition impairments, ADs and comorbid CD+ADs were associated with normal or enhanced emotion recognition performance. The presence of comorbid ADs appeared to counteract the effects of CD, suggesting a potentially protective role, although future research should examine the contribution of IQ and gender to these effects. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12544 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=292

Use of machine learning to improve autism screening and diagnostic instruments: effectiveness, efficiency, and multi-instrument fusion / Daniel BONE in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 57-8 (August 2016)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 57-8 (August 2016) . - p.927-937 Titre : Use of machine learning to improve autism screening and diagnostic instruments: effectiveness, efficiency, and multi-instrument fusion Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Daniel BONE, Auteur ; Somer L. BISHOP, Auteur ; Matthew P. BLACK, Auteur ; Matthew S. GOODWIN, Auteur ; Catherine LORD, Auteur ; Shrikanth S. NARAYANAN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.927-937 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism  screening  diagnosis  machine learning Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Machine learning (ML) provides novel opportunities for human behavior research and clinical translation, yet its application can have noted pitfalls (Bone et al., 2015). In this work, we fastidiously utilize ML to derive autism spectrum disorder (ASD) instrument algorithms in an attempt to improve upon widely used ASD screening and diagnostic tools. Methods The data consisted of Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R) and Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS) scores for 1,264 verbal individuals with ASD and 462 verbal individuals with non-ASD developmental or psychiatric disorders, split at age 10. Algorithms were created via a robust ML classifier, support vector machine, while targeting best-estimate clinical diagnosis of ASD versus non-ASD. Parameter settings were tuned in multiple levels of cross-validation. Results The created algorithms were more effective (higher performing) than the current algorithms, were tunable (sensitivity and specificity can be differentially weighted), and were more efficient (achieving near-peak performance with five or fewer codes). Results from ML-based fusion of ADI-R and SRS are reported. We present a screener algorithm for below (above) age 10 that reached 89.2% (86.7%) sensitivity and 59.0% (53.4%) specificity with only five behavioral codes. Conclusions En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12559 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=292 [article] Use of machine learning to improve autism screening and diagnostic instruments: effectiveness, efficiency, and multi-instrument fusion [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Daniel BONE, Auteur ; Somer L. BISHOP, Auteur ; Matthew P. BLACK, Auteur ; Matthew S. GOODWIN, Auteur ; Catherine LORD, Auteur ; Shrikanth S. NARAYANAN, Auteur . - p.927-937. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 57-8 (August 2016) . - p.927-937 Mots-clés : Autism  screening  diagnosis  machine learning Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Machine learning (ML) provides novel opportunities for human behavior research and clinical translation, yet its application can have noted pitfalls (Bone et al., 2015). In this work, we fastidiously utilize ML to derive autism spectrum disorder (ASD) instrument algorithms in an attempt to improve upon widely used ASD screening and diagnostic tools. Methods The data consisted of Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R) and Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS) scores for 1,264 verbal individuals with ASD and 462 verbal individuals with non-ASD developmental or psychiatric disorders, split at age 10. Algorithms were created via a robust ML classifier, support vector machine, while targeting best-estimate clinical diagnosis of ASD versus non-ASD. Parameter settings were tuned in multiple levels of cross-validation. Results The created algorithms were more effective (higher performing) than the current algorithms, were tunable (sensitivity and specificity can be differentially weighted), and were more efficient (achieving near-peak performance with five or fewer codes). Results from ML-based fusion of ADI-R and SRS are reported. We present a screener algorithm for below (above) age 10 that reached 89.2% (86.7%) sensitivity and 59.0% (53.4%) specificity with only five behavioral codes. Conclusions En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12559 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=292

Dysfunctional representation of expected value is associated with reinforcement-based decision-making deficits in adolescents with conduct problems / Stuart F. WHITE in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 57-8 (August 2016)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 57-8 (August 2016) . - p.938-946 Titre : Dysfunctional representation of expected value is associated with reinforcement-based decision-making deficits in adolescents with conduct problems Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Stuart F. WHITE, Auteur ; Patrick M. TYLER, Auteur ; Anna K. ERWAY, Auteur ; Mary L. BOTKIN, Auteur ; Venkata KOLLI, Auteur ; Harma MEFFERT, Auteur ; Kayla POPE, Auteur ; James R. BLAIR, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.938-946 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Conduct problems  decision-making  anterior insula  expected value  prediction error Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Previous work has shown that patients with conduct problems (CP) show impairments in reinforcement-based decision-making. However, studies with patients have not previously demonstrated any relationships between impairment in any of the neurocomputations underpinning reinforcement-based decision-making and specific symptom sets [e.g. level of CP and/or callous-unemotional (CU) traits]. Methods Seventy-two youths [20 female, mean age = 13.81 (SD = 2.14), mean IQ = 102.34 (SD = 10.99)] from a residential treatment program and the community completed a passive avoidance task while undergoing functional MRI. Results Greater levels of CP were associated with poorer task performance. Reduced representation of expected values (EV) when making avoidance responses within bilateral anterior insula cortex/inferior frontal gyrus (AIC/iFG) and striatum was associated with greater levels of CP but not CU traits. Conclusions The current data indicate that difficulties in the use of value information to motivate decisions to avoid suboptimal choices are associated with increased levels of CP (though not severity of CU traits). Moreover, they account for the behavioral deficits observed during reinforcement-based decision-making in youth with CP. In short, an individual's relative failure to utilize value information within AIC/iFG to avoid bad choices is associated with elevated levels of CP. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12557 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=292 [article] Dysfunctional representation of expected value is associated with reinforcement-based decision-making deficits in adolescents with conduct problems [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Stuart F. WHITE, Auteur ; Patrick M. TYLER, Auteur ; Anna K. ERWAY, Auteur ; Mary L. BOTKIN, Auteur ; Venkata KOLLI, Auteur ; Harma MEFFERT, Auteur ; Kayla POPE, Auteur ; James R. BLAIR, Auteur . - p.938-946. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 57-8 (August 2016) . - p.938-946 Mots-clés : Conduct problems  decision-making  anterior insula  expected value  prediction error Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Previous work has shown that patients with conduct problems (CP) show impairments in reinforcement-based decision-making. However, studies with patients have not previously demonstrated any relationships between impairment in any of the neurocomputations underpinning reinforcement-based decision-making and specific symptom sets [e.g. level of CP and/or callous-unemotional (CU) traits]. Methods Seventy-two youths [20 female, mean age = 13.81 (SD = 2.14), mean IQ = 102.34 (SD = 10.99)] from a residential treatment program and the community completed a passive avoidance task while undergoing functional MRI. Results Greater levels of CP were associated with poorer task performance. Reduced representation of expected values (EV) when making avoidance responses within bilateral anterior insula cortex/inferior frontal gyrus (AIC/iFG) and striatum was associated with greater levels of CP but not CU traits. Conclusions The current data indicate that difficulties in the use of value information to motivate decisions to avoid suboptimal choices are associated with increased levels of CP (though not severity of CU traits). Moreover, they account for the behavioral deficits observed during reinforcement-based decision-making in youth with CP. In short, an individual's relative failure to utilize value information within AIC/iFG to avoid bad choices is associated with elevated levels of CP. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12557 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=292

Behavioral sensitivity to changing reinforcement contingencies in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder / Brent ALSOP in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 57-8 (August 2016)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 57-8 (August 2016) . - p.947-956 Titre : Behavioral sensitivity to changing reinforcement contingencies in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Brent ALSOP, Auteur ; Emi FURUKAWA, Auteur ; Paula SOWERBY, Auteur ; Stephanie JENSEN, Auteur ; Cara MOFFAT, Auteur ; Gail TRIPP, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.947-956 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder  response allocation  reinforcement  change Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Altered sensitivity to positive reinforcement has been hypothesized to contribute to the symptoms of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). In this study, we evaluated the ability of children with and without ADHD to adapt their behavior to changing reinforcer availability. Method Of one hundred sixty-seven children, 97 diagnosed with ADHD completed a signal-detection task in which correct discriminations between two stimuli were associated with different frequencies of reinforcement. The response alternative associated with the higher rate of reinforcement switched twice during the task without warning. For a subset of participants, this was followed by trials for which no reinforcement was delivered, irrespective of performance. Results Children in both groups developed an initial bias toward the more frequently reinforced response alternative. When the response alternative associated with the higher rate of reinforcement switched, the children's response allocation (bias) followed suit, but this effect was significantly smaller for children with ADHD. When reinforcement was discontinued, only children in the control group modified their response pattern. Conclusions Children with ADHD adjust their behavioral responses to changing reinforcer availability less than typically developing children, when reinforcement is intermittent and the association between an action and its consequences is uncertain. This may explain the difficulty children with ADHD have adapting their behavior to new situations, with different reinforcement contingencies, in daily life. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12561 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=292 [article] Behavioral sensitivity to changing reinforcement contingencies in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Brent ALSOP, Auteur ; Emi FURUKAWA, Auteur ; Paula SOWERBY, Auteur ; Stephanie JENSEN, Auteur ; Cara MOFFAT, Auteur ; Gail TRIPP, Auteur . - p.947-956. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 57-8 (August 2016) . - p.947-956 Mots-clés : Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder  response allocation  reinforcement  change Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Altered sensitivity to positive reinforcement has been hypothesized to contribute to the symptoms of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). In this study, we evaluated the ability of children with and without ADHD to adapt their behavior to changing reinforcer availability. Method Of one hundred sixty-seven children, 97 diagnosed with ADHD completed a signal-detection task in which correct discriminations between two stimuli were associated with different frequencies of reinforcement. The response alternative associated with the higher rate of reinforcement switched twice during the task without warning. For a subset of participants, this was followed by trials for which no reinforcement was delivered, irrespective of performance. Results Children in both groups developed an initial bias toward the more frequently reinforced response alternative. When the response alternative associated with the higher rate of reinforcement switched, the children's response allocation (bias) followed suit, but this effect was significantly smaller for children with ADHD. When reinforcement was discontinued, only children in the control group modified their response pattern. Conclusions Children with ADHD adjust their behavioral responses to changing reinforcer availability less than typically developing children, when reinforcement is intermittent and the association between an action and its consequences is uncertain. This may explain the difficulty children with ADHD have adapting their behavior to new situations, with different reinforcement contingencies, in daily life. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12561 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=292

School mobility during childhood predicts psychotic symptoms in late adolescence / Catherine WINSPER in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 57-8 (August 2016)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 57-8 (August 2016) . - p.957-966 Titre : School mobility during childhood predicts psychotic symptoms in late adolescence Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Catherine WINSPER, Auteur ; Dieter WOLKE, Auteur ; Alex BRYSON, Auteur ; Andrew THOMPSON, Auteur ; Swaran P. SINGH, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.957-966 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : ALSPAC  school mobility  adolescence  psychotic symptoms  bullying Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Recently, school mobility was identified as a risk factor for psychotic symptoms in early adolescence. The extent to which this risk continues into late adolescence and the trajectories via which this risk manifests remain unexplored. Methods Psychotic symptoms in 4,720 adolescents aged 18 were ascertained by trained psychologists using the Psychosis-Like Symptoms Interview. Mothers reported on sociodemographic factors (i.e., family adversity, ethnicity and urbanicity) from pregnancy to 4 years; child's involvement in bullying at age 6–7 years; residential mobility at 11 years and school mobility at 11–12 years. Young people reported on their friendships at 8 years, and antisocial behaviour and cannabis use at 15 years. Results School mobility across childhood significantly predicted psychotic symptoms at 18 years (adjusted odds ratio = 2.15; 95% confidence intervals = 1.06, 4.40). Within path analysis, school mobility (? = .183, p = .035), involvement in bullying (? = .133, p = .013), antisocial behaviour (? = .052, p = .004), cannabis use (? = .254, p = .020) and female sex (? = .420, p < .001) significantly predicted psychotic symptoms. Residential mobility (? = .375, p < .001), involvement in bullying (? = .120, p = .022) and poor friendships (? = .038, p = .014) significantly predicted school mobility. Residential mobility indirectly increased the risk of psychotic symptoms via school mobility (? = .069, p = .041). Conclusions Children who move schools often are more likely to have experienced peer problems. School mobility, in turn, appears to be a robust marker for psychotic symptoms in late adolescence. Clinicians and teachers should consider school mobility as an important risk indicator for both peer problems and psychopathology. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12572 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=292 [article] School mobility during childhood predicts psychotic symptoms in late adolescence [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Catherine WINSPER, Auteur ; Dieter WOLKE, Auteur ; Alex BRYSON, Auteur ; Andrew THOMPSON, Auteur ; Swaran P. SINGH, Auteur . - p.957-966. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 57-8 (August 2016) . - p.957-966 Mots-clés : ALSPAC  school mobility  adolescence  psychotic symptoms  bullying Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Recently, school mobility was identified as a risk factor for psychotic symptoms in early adolescence. The extent to which this risk continues into late adolescence and the trajectories via which this risk manifests remain unexplored. Methods Psychotic symptoms in 4,720 adolescents aged 18 were ascertained by trained psychologists using the Psychosis-Like Symptoms Interview. Mothers reported on sociodemographic factors (i.e., family adversity, ethnicity and urbanicity) from pregnancy to 4 years; child's involvement in bullying at age 6–7 years; residential mobility at 11 years and school mobility at 11–12 years. Young people reported on their friendships at 8 years, and antisocial behaviour and cannabis use at 15 years. Results School mobility across childhood significantly predicted psychotic symptoms at 18 years (adjusted odds ratio = 2.15; 95% confidence intervals = 1.06, 4.40). Within path analysis, school mobility (? = .183, p = .035), involvement in bullying (? = .133, p = .013), antisocial behaviour (? = .052, p = .004), cannabis use (? = .254, p = .020) and female sex (? = .420, p < .001) significantly predicted psychotic symptoms. Residential mobility (? = .375, p < .001), involvement in bullying (? = .120, p = .022) and poor friendships (? = .038, p = .014) significantly predicted school mobility. Residential mobility indirectly increased the risk of psychotic symptoms via school mobility (? = .069, p = .041). Conclusions Children who move schools often are more likely to have experienced peer problems. School mobility, in turn, appears to be a robust marker for psychotic symptoms in late adolescence. Clinicians and teachers should consider school mobility as an important risk indicator for both peer problems and psychopathology. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12572 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=292

Association between immigrant background and ADHD: a nationwide population-based case–control study / Venla LEHTI in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 57-8 (August 2016)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 57-8 (August 2016) . - p.967-975 Titre : Association between immigrant background and ADHD: a nationwide population-based case–control study Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Venla LEHTI, Auteur ; Roshan CHUDAL, Auteur ; Auli SUOMINEN, Auteur ; Mika GISSLER, Auteur ; Andre SOURANDER, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.967-975 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder  epidemiology  immigration  parental  risk factor Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Information about psychiatric disorders among those with immigrant parents is important for early detection and service development. The aim of this study is to examine the association between parental immigration and the diagnosis of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in offspring in Finland. Methods This matched case–control study was based on a national birth cohort. The sample included all singletons who were born in Finland in 1991–2005 and diagnosed with ADHD by the year 2011 (n = 10,409) and their matched controls (n = 39,124). Nationwide registers were used to identify participants and to gather information on the parents' country of birth and native language. Conditional logistic regression analyses were conducted using maternal and paternal migration status and region of birth as well as time since maternal migration as exposure factors. Results The likelihood of being diagnosed with ADHD was significantly increased among children of two immigrant parents [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 4.7, 95% CI 3.4–6.6] and children of an immigrant father (aOR 1.9, 95% CI 1.6–2.2). The likelihood of receiving an ADHD diagnosis was equal among children whose mother was a recent immigrant when she gave birth and those whose mother had stayed in Finland at least for a year before birth. The association between parental migration and ADHD diagnosis was strongest among fathers born in sub-Saharan Africa or Latin America and among mothers born in sub-Saharan Africa or North Africa and Middle East. Children, whose parents were born in countries with low Human Development Index (HDI), were more often diagnosed with ADHD. Conclusions The increased likelihood of ADHD diagnosis among children of immigrants indicates increased exposure to environmental risk factors, differences in the use of health services, or challenges in diagnosing immigrants' children. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12570 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=292 [article] Association between immigrant background and ADHD: a nationwide population-based case–control study [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Venla LEHTI, Auteur ; Roshan CHUDAL, Auteur ; Auli SUOMINEN, Auteur ; Mika GISSLER, Auteur ; Andre SOURANDER, Auteur . - p.967-975. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 57-8 (August 2016) . - p.967-975 Mots-clés : Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder  epidemiology  immigration  parental  risk factor Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Information about psychiatric disorders among those with immigrant parents is important for early detection and service development. The aim of this study is to examine the association between parental immigration and the diagnosis of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in offspring in Finland. Methods This matched case–control study was based on a national birth cohort. The sample included all singletons who were born in Finland in 1991–2005 and diagnosed with ADHD by the year 2011 (n = 10,409) and their matched controls (n = 39,124). Nationwide registers were used to identify participants and to gather information on the parents' country of birth and native language. Conditional logistic regression analyses were conducted using maternal and paternal migration status and region of birth as well as time since maternal migration as exposure factors. Results The likelihood of being diagnosed with ADHD was significantly increased among children of two immigrant parents [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 4.7, 95% CI 3.4–6.6] and children of an immigrant father (aOR 1.9, 95% CI 1.6–2.2). The likelihood of receiving an ADHD diagnosis was equal among children whose mother was a recent immigrant when she gave birth and those whose mother had stayed in Finland at least for a year before birth. The association between parental migration and ADHD diagnosis was strongest among fathers born in sub-Saharan Africa or Latin America and among mothers born in sub-Saharan Africa or North Africa and Middle East. Children, whose parents were born in countries with low Human Development Index (HDI), were more often diagnosed with ADHD. Conclusions The increased likelihood of ADHD diagnosis among children of immigrants indicates increased exposure to environmental risk factors, differences in the use of health services, or challenges in diagnosing immigrants' children. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12570 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=292

Factors differentiating callous-unemotional children with and without conduct problems / Tina D. WALL in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 57-8 (August 2016)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 57-8 (August 2016) . - p.976-983 Titre : Factors differentiating callous-unemotional children with and without conduct problems Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Tina D. WALL, Auteur ; Paul J. FRICK, Auteur ; Kostas A. FANTI, Auteur ; Eva R. KIMONIS, Auteur ; Alexandros LORDOS, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.976-983 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Conduct problems  callous-unemotional traits  parenting  executive functioning  impulsivity Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Callous-unemotional (CU) traits are a risk factor for a severe, aggressive, and persistent pattern of conduct problems (CP). This study investigated characteristics that might differentiate children with elevated CU traits with and without CP in an effort to identify factors that may reduce the risk for CP in children with limited prosocial emotions. Methods Utilizing a sample of 1,366 children from Cyprus, five groups were identified for further study based on latent profile analysis: low-risk (67.2%), high-CP/low-CU (7.9%), high-CU (9.4%), moderate-CP/CU (8.4%), and high-CP/CU (7.2%). The identified groups were compared on behavioral and social measures. Results There were significant main effects of group for: impulsivity and executive functioning; parenting; and connectedness to school. The high-CU group had significantly lower hyperactivity-impulsivity and executive functioning deficits, significantly higher self-regulation, and their mothers reported more maternal involvement and positive parenting than those in the high-CP/CU group. Also, the high-CU group showed more school connectedness than those in the high-CP/CU group. Conclusions These findings highlight several factors in the child and in his or her social environment that are associated with CU traits in the absence of serious CP and that may suggest targets for intervention for youth who may lack prosocial emotions. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12569 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=292 [article] Factors differentiating callous-unemotional children with and without conduct problems [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Tina D. WALL, Auteur ; Paul J. FRICK, Auteur ; Kostas A. FANTI, Auteur ; Eva R. KIMONIS, Auteur ; Alexandros LORDOS, Auteur . - p.976-983. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 57-8 (August 2016) . - p.976-983 Mots-clés : Conduct problems  callous-unemotional traits  parenting  executive functioning  impulsivity Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Callous-unemotional (CU) traits are a risk factor for a severe, aggressive, and persistent pattern of conduct problems (CP). This study investigated characteristics that might differentiate children with elevated CU traits with and without CP in an effort to identify factors that may reduce the risk for CP in children with limited prosocial emotions. Methods Utilizing a sample of 1,366 children from Cyprus, five groups were identified for further study based on latent profile analysis: low-risk (67.2%), high-CP/low-CU (7.9%), high-CU (9.4%), moderate-CP/CU (8.4%), and high-CP/CU (7.2%). The identified groups were compared on behavioral and social measures. Results There were significant main effects of group for: impulsivity and executive functioning; parenting; and connectedness to school. The high-CU group had significantly lower hyperactivity-impulsivity and executive functioning deficits, significantly higher self-regulation, and their mothers reported more maternal involvement and positive parenting than those in the high-CP/CU group. Also, the high-CU group showed more school connectedness than those in the high-CP/CU group. Conclusions These findings highlight several factors in the child and in his or her social environment that are associated with CU traits in the absence of serious CP and that may suggest targets for intervention for youth who may lack prosocial emotions. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12569 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=292