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Slow intestinal transit contributes to elevate urinary p-cresol level in Italian autistic children / Stefano GABRIELE in Autism Research, 9-7 (July 2016)
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Titre : Slow intestinal transit contributes to elevate urinary p-cresol level in Italian autistic children Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Stefano GABRIELE, Auteur ; Roberto SACCO, Auteur ; Laura ALTIERI, Auteur ; Cristina NERI, Auteur ; Andrea URBANI, Auteur ; Carmela BRAVACCIO, Auteur ; Maria Pia RICCIO, Auteur ; Maria Rosaria IOVENE, Auteur ; Francesca BOMBACE, Auteur ; Laura DE MAGISTRIS, Auteur ; Antonio M. PERSICO, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.752-759 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism autism spectrum disorder biomarker constipation gut intestinal transit organic contaminants neurotoxicity Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The uremic toxin p-cresol (4-methylphenol) is either of environmental origin or can be synthetized from tyrosine by cresol-producing bacteria present in the gut lumen. Elevated p-cresol amounts have been previously found in the urines of Italian and French autism spectrum disorder (ASD) children up until 8 years of age, and may be associated with autism severity or with the intensity of abnormal behaviors. This study aims to investigate the mechanism producing elevated urinary p-cresol in ASD. Urinary p-cresol levels were thus measured by High Performance Liquid Chromatography in a sample of 53 Italian ASD children assessed for (a) presence of Clostridium spp. strains in the gut by means of an in vitro fecal stool test and of Clostridium difficile-derived toxin A/B in the feces, (b) intestinal permeability using the lactulose/mannitol (LA/MA) test, (c) frequent use of antibiotics due to recurrent infections during the first 2 years of postnatal life, and (d) stool habits with the Bristol Stool Form Scale. Chronic constipation was the only variable significantly associated with total urinary p-cresol concentration (P < 0.05). No association was found with presence of Clostridium spp. in the gut flora (P?=?0.92), augmented intestinal permeability (P?=?0.18), or frequent use of antibiotics in early infancy (P?=?0.47). No ASD child was found to carry C. difficile in the gut or to release toxin A/B in the feces. In conclusion, urinary p-cresol levels are elevated in young ASD children with increased intestinal transit time and chronic constipation. Autism Res 2016, 9: 752–759. © 2015 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1571 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=292
in Autism Research > 9-7 (July 2016) . - p.752-759[article] Slow intestinal transit contributes to elevate urinary p-cresol level in Italian autistic children [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Stefano GABRIELE, Auteur ; Roberto SACCO, Auteur ; Laura ALTIERI, Auteur ; Cristina NERI, Auteur ; Andrea URBANI, Auteur ; Carmela BRAVACCIO, Auteur ; Maria Pia RICCIO, Auteur ; Maria Rosaria IOVENE, Auteur ; Francesca BOMBACE, Auteur ; Laura DE MAGISTRIS, Auteur ; Antonio M. PERSICO, Auteur . - p.752-759.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Autism Research > 9-7 (July 2016) . - p.752-759
Mots-clés : autism autism spectrum disorder biomarker constipation gut intestinal transit organic contaminants neurotoxicity Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The uremic toxin p-cresol (4-methylphenol) is either of environmental origin or can be synthetized from tyrosine by cresol-producing bacteria present in the gut lumen. Elevated p-cresol amounts have been previously found in the urines of Italian and French autism spectrum disorder (ASD) children up until 8 years of age, and may be associated with autism severity or with the intensity of abnormal behaviors. This study aims to investigate the mechanism producing elevated urinary p-cresol in ASD. Urinary p-cresol levels were thus measured by High Performance Liquid Chromatography in a sample of 53 Italian ASD children assessed for (a) presence of Clostridium spp. strains in the gut by means of an in vitro fecal stool test and of Clostridium difficile-derived toxin A/B in the feces, (b) intestinal permeability using the lactulose/mannitol (LA/MA) test, (c) frequent use of antibiotics due to recurrent infections during the first 2 years of postnatal life, and (d) stool habits with the Bristol Stool Form Scale. Chronic constipation was the only variable significantly associated with total urinary p-cresol concentration (P < 0.05). No association was found with presence of Clostridium spp. in the gut flora (P?=?0.92), augmented intestinal permeability (P?=?0.18), or frequent use of antibiotics in early infancy (P?=?0.47). No ASD child was found to carry C. difficile in the gut or to release toxin A/B in the feces. In conclusion, urinary p-cresol levels are elevated in young ASD children with increased intestinal transit time and chronic constipation. Autism Res 2016, 9: 752–759. © 2015 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1571 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=292