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Editorial: Factualities - establishing empirical truths in child psychology and psychiatry / A. J. OLDEHINKEL in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 62-10 (October 2021)
[article]
Titre : Editorial: Factualities - establishing empirical truths in child psychology and psychiatry Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : A. J. OLDEHINKEL, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1163-1165 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adolescent Humans Psychiatry Psychology, Child Empirical research facts misperceptions perspective Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Empirical science is a fact-finding enterprise. This raises the question when we know enough about a particular topic to draw firm conclusions and can stop searching for additional evidence in order to save efforts for issues that are less well-established. Clarity on when scientific evidence has passed the stage of to-be-tested hypotheses is important, and setting up criteria for such stopping rules is a necessary as well as thought-provoking challenge. Not only over-investigating phenomena is undesirable but the opposite, falsely assuming beliefs to be facts, as well. Two common reasons for such misperceptions are that negative news is more likely to spread around than positive news (negativity instinct), and that individuals tend to look at problems from always the same perspective (single-perspective instinct). Our field is not immune to those instincts: child psychologists and psychiatrists tend to focus on messages suggesting that the burden of children´s mental health problems calls for more intervention and research, rather than on reports that the majority of children are doing quite well. This focus on problems may obscure the reality that the vast majority of children and adolescents never experience severe mental health problems, despite the challenges of growing up in a complex world. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13515 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=456
in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 62-10 (October 2021) . - p.1163-1165[article] Editorial: Factualities - establishing empirical truths in child psychology and psychiatry [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / A. J. OLDEHINKEL, Auteur . - p.1163-1165.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 62-10 (October 2021) . - p.1163-1165
Mots-clés : Adolescent Humans Psychiatry Psychology, Child Empirical research facts misperceptions perspective Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Empirical science is a fact-finding enterprise. This raises the question when we know enough about a particular topic to draw firm conclusions and can stop searching for additional evidence in order to save efforts for issues that are less well-established. Clarity on when scientific evidence has passed the stage of to-be-tested hypotheses is important, and setting up criteria for such stopping rules is a necessary as well as thought-provoking challenge. Not only over-investigating phenomena is undesirable but the opposite, falsely assuming beliefs to be facts, as well. Two common reasons for such misperceptions are that negative news is more likely to spread around than positive news (negativity instinct), and that individuals tend to look at problems from always the same perspective (single-perspective instinct). Our field is not immune to those instincts: child psychologists and psychiatrists tend to focus on messages suggesting that the burden of children´s mental health problems calls for more intervention and research, rather than on reports that the majority of children are doing quite well. This focus on problems may obscure the reality that the vast majority of children and adolescents never experience severe mental health problems, despite the challenges of growing up in a complex world. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13515 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=456 Repetitive behaviors: Listening to the voice of people with high-functioning autism spectrum disorder / Iris MANOR-BINYAMINI in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 64 (August 2019)
[article]
Titre : Repetitive behaviors: Listening to the voice of people with high-functioning autism spectrum disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Iris MANOR-BINYAMINI, Auteur ; Michal SCHREIBER-DIVON, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.23-30 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Repetitive behaviors People Autism Spectrum Disorder Perspective Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This study examined how people with high-functioning autism spectrum disorder (HFASD) perceive and explain their own repetitive behaviors. Despite the wealth of knowledge on repetitive behaviors in HFASD, there are few studies on repetitive behaviors from the perspective of adults with HFASD. Here, data were collected from semi structured, phenomenological interviews with 16 adults (aged 35–55 years) with ASD. The findings indicated four main reasons for repetitive behavior: enhancing the ability to function; reducing external stimuli and avoiding communication; coping with stress, distress, and excitement; and coping with social communication. Conclusion The findings suggest that repetitive behaviors play a functional role in people with HFASD and also serve as a way for these individuals to cope with their environment. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2019.04.001 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=399
in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 64 (August 2019) . - p.23-30[article] Repetitive behaviors: Listening to the voice of people with high-functioning autism spectrum disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Iris MANOR-BINYAMINI, Auteur ; Michal SCHREIBER-DIVON, Auteur . - p.23-30.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 64 (August 2019) . - p.23-30
Mots-clés : Repetitive behaviors People Autism Spectrum Disorder Perspective Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This study examined how people with high-functioning autism spectrum disorder (HFASD) perceive and explain their own repetitive behaviors. Despite the wealth of knowledge on repetitive behaviors in HFASD, there are few studies on repetitive behaviors from the perspective of adults with HFASD. Here, data were collected from semi structured, phenomenological interviews with 16 adults (aged 35–55 years) with ASD. The findings indicated four main reasons for repetitive behavior: enhancing the ability to function; reducing external stimuli and avoiding communication; coping with stress, distress, and excitement; and coping with social communication. Conclusion The findings suggest that repetitive behaviors play a functional role in people with HFASD and also serve as a way for these individuals to cope with their environment. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2019.04.001 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=399 Emotional Processing of Ironic Versus Literal Criticism in Autistic and Nonautistic Adults: Evidence From Eye-Tracking / Mahsa BARZY in Autism Research, 13-4 (April 2020)
[article]
Titre : Emotional Processing of Ironic Versus Literal Criticism in Autistic and Nonautistic Adults: Evidence From Eye-Tracking Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Mahsa BARZY, Auteur ; Ruth FILIK, Auteur ; David WILLIAMS, Auteur ; Heather J. FERGUSON, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.563-578 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism emotion eye-tracking irony language comprehension perspective sarcasm Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Typically developing adults are able to keep track of story characters' emotional states online while reading. Filik et al. showed that initially, participants expected the victim to be more hurt by ironic comments than literal, but later considered them less hurtful; ironic comments were regarded as more amusing. We examined these processes in autistic adults, since previous research has demonstrated socio-emotional difficulties among autistic people, which may lead to problems processing irony and its related emotional processes despite an intact ability to integrate language in context. We recorded eye movements from autistic and nonautistic adults while they read narratives in which a character (the victim) was either criticized in an ironic or a literal manner by another character (the protagonist). A target sentence then either described the victim as feeling hurt/amused by the comment, or the protagonist as having intended to hurt/amused the victim by making the comment. Results from the nonautistic adults broadly replicated the key findings from Filik et al., supporting the two-stage account. Importantly, the autistic adults did not show comparable two-stage processing of ironic language; they did not differentiate between the emotional responses for victims or protagonists following ironic versus literal criticism. These findings suggest that autistic people experience a specific difficulty taking into account other peoples' communicative intentions (i.e., infer their mental state) to appropriately anticipate emotional responses to an ironic comment. We discuss how these difficulties might link to atypical socio-emotional processing in autism, and the ability to maintain successful real-life social interactions. Autism Res 2020, 13: 563-578. (c) 2020 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: In line with research showing that autistic people have difficulties considering others' mental states, we found autistic adults were impaired at distinguishing the emotions and intentions experienced by story characters who received sarcastic comments (e.g., "That was fantastic parking" in a context where someone's parking was particularly bad). These findings highlight the difficulties that autistic people experience taking into account other peoples' intentions during communication to appropriately anticipate their emotional responses. (c) 2020 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2272 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=421
in Autism Research > 13-4 (April 2020) . - p.563-578[article] Emotional Processing of Ironic Versus Literal Criticism in Autistic and Nonautistic Adults: Evidence From Eye-Tracking [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Mahsa BARZY, Auteur ; Ruth FILIK, Auteur ; David WILLIAMS, Auteur ; Heather J. FERGUSON, Auteur . - p.563-578.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Autism Research > 13-4 (April 2020) . - p.563-578
Mots-clés : autism emotion eye-tracking irony language comprehension perspective sarcasm Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Typically developing adults are able to keep track of story characters' emotional states online while reading. Filik et al. showed that initially, participants expected the victim to be more hurt by ironic comments than literal, but later considered them less hurtful; ironic comments were regarded as more amusing. We examined these processes in autistic adults, since previous research has demonstrated socio-emotional difficulties among autistic people, which may lead to problems processing irony and its related emotional processes despite an intact ability to integrate language in context. We recorded eye movements from autistic and nonautistic adults while they read narratives in which a character (the victim) was either criticized in an ironic or a literal manner by another character (the protagonist). A target sentence then either described the victim as feeling hurt/amused by the comment, or the protagonist as having intended to hurt/amused the victim by making the comment. Results from the nonautistic adults broadly replicated the key findings from Filik et al., supporting the two-stage account. Importantly, the autistic adults did not show comparable two-stage processing of ironic language; they did not differentiate between the emotional responses for victims or protagonists following ironic versus literal criticism. These findings suggest that autistic people experience a specific difficulty taking into account other peoples' communicative intentions (i.e., infer their mental state) to appropriately anticipate emotional responses to an ironic comment. We discuss how these difficulties might link to atypical socio-emotional processing in autism, and the ability to maintain successful real-life social interactions. Autism Res 2020, 13: 563-578. (c) 2020 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: In line with research showing that autistic people have difficulties considering others' mental states, we found autistic adults were impaired at distinguishing the emotions and intentions experienced by story characters who received sarcastic comments (e.g., "That was fantastic parking" in a context where someone's parking was particularly bad). These findings highlight the difficulties that autistic people experience taking into account other peoples' intentions during communication to appropriately anticipate their emotional responses. (c) 2020 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2272 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=421