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Children's responses to the image of self, peer, and adult: Autism and typical development / Wakako SANEFUJI in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 5-3 (July-September 2011)
[article]
Titre : Children's responses to the image of self, peer, and adult: Autism and typical development Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Wakako SANEFUJI, Auteur ; Hidehiro OHGAMI, Auteur Année de publication : 2011 Article en page(s) : p.1194-1200 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Self-other understanding Preference Similarity Autism Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The typical development (TD) of social cognition could be rooted in the implicit notion that others are like the self. Although many studies show their impairment of social orienting, such a primary notion in children with autistic disorder (AD) has not been known. The present paper examined the responses of children with AD to stimuli such as others with similar features as the self. The preferential looking paradigm was used to assess the responses of children with AD to others of the same or different age (i.e., peer or adult), and compare these responses to those of children with TD. Subsequently, the same participants’ responses to the self and peer were also examined. The results revealed that children with AD did not show preferential responses to peer nor adult, but showed a looking preference for their own images; on the other hand, children with TD preferred to look at both peer and the self. It could be interpreted that children with AD might not be able to generalize their understanding of the self to that of others at least at the visual level, whereas children with TD should, on the basis of self-recognition, detect similarity and perceive familiarity with others of the same age as themselves. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2011.01.006 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=119
in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 5-3 (July-September 2011) . - p.1194-1200[article] Children's responses to the image of self, peer, and adult: Autism and typical development [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Wakako SANEFUJI, Auteur ; Hidehiro OHGAMI, Auteur . - 2011 . - p.1194-1200.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 5-3 (July-September 2011) . - p.1194-1200
Mots-clés : Self-other understanding Preference Similarity Autism Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The typical development (TD) of social cognition could be rooted in the implicit notion that others are like the self. Although many studies show their impairment of social orienting, such a primary notion in children with autistic disorder (AD) has not been known. The present paper examined the responses of children with AD to stimuli such as others with similar features as the self. The preferential looking paradigm was used to assess the responses of children with AD to others of the same or different age (i.e., peer or adult), and compare these responses to those of children with TD. Subsequently, the same participants’ responses to the self and peer were also examined. The results revealed that children with AD did not show preferential responses to peer nor adult, but showed a looking preference for their own images; on the other hand, children with TD preferred to look at both peer and the self. It could be interpreted that children with AD might not be able to generalize their understanding of the self to that of others at least at the visual level, whereas children with TD should, on the basis of self-recognition, detect similarity and perceive familiarity with others of the same age as themselves. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2011.01.006 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=119 Episodic memory retrieval for story characters in high-functioning autism / Hidetsugu KOMEDA in Molecular Autism, (June 2013)
[article]
Titre : Episodic memory retrieval for story characters in high-functioning autism Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Hidetsugu KOMEDA, Auteur ; Hirotaka KOSAKA, Auteur ; Daisuke N. SAITO, Auteur ; Keisuke INOHARA, Auteur ; Toshio MUNESUE, Auteur ; Makoto ISHITOBI, Auteur ; Makoto SATO, Auteur ; Hidehiko OKAZAWA, Auteur Année de publication : 2013 Article en page(s) : 9 p. Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : High-functioning autism Narrative comprehension Recognition Memory retrieval Similarity Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background
The objective of this study was to examine differences in episodic memory retrieval between individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and typically developing (TD) individuals. Previous studies have shown that personality similarities between readers and characters facilitated reading comprehension. Highly extraverted participants read stories featuring extraverted protagonists more easily and judged the outcomes of such stories more rapidly than did less extraverted participants. Similarly, highly neurotic participants judged the outcomes of stories with neurotic protagonists more rapidly than did participants with low levels of neuroticism. However, the impact of the similarity effect on memory retrieval remains unclear. This study tested our ‘similarity hypothesis’, namely that memory retrieval is enhanced when readers with ASD and TD readers read stories featuring protagonists with ASD and with characteristics associated with TD individuals, respectively.
Methods
Eighteen Japanese individuals (one female) with high-functioning ASD (aged 17 to 40 years) and 17 age- and intelligence quotient (IQ)-matched Japanese (one female) TD participants (aged 22 to 40 years) read 24 stories; 12 stories featured protagonists with ASD characteristics, and the other 12 featured TD protagonists. Participants read a single sentence at a time and pressed a spacebar to advance to the next sentence. After reading all 24 stories, they were asked to complete a recognition task about the target sentence in each story.
Results
To investigate episodic memory in ASD, we analyzed encoding based on the reading times for and readability of the stories and retrieval processes based on the accuracy of and response times for sentence recognition. Although the results showed no differences between ASD and TD groups in encoding processes, they did reveal inter-group differences in memory retrieval. Although individuals with ASD demonstrated the same level of accuracy as did TD individuals, their patterns of memory retrieval differed with respect to response times.
Conclusions
Individuals with ASD more effectively retrieved ASD-congruent than ASD-incongruent sentences, and TD individuals retrieved stories with TD more effectively than stories with ASD protagonists. Thus, similarity between reader and story character had different effects on memory retrieval in the ASD and TD groups.En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/2040-2392-4-20 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=211
in Molecular Autism > (June 2013) . - 9 p.[article] Episodic memory retrieval for story characters in high-functioning autism [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Hidetsugu KOMEDA, Auteur ; Hirotaka KOSAKA, Auteur ; Daisuke N. SAITO, Auteur ; Keisuke INOHARA, Auteur ; Toshio MUNESUE, Auteur ; Makoto ISHITOBI, Auteur ; Makoto SATO, Auteur ; Hidehiko OKAZAWA, Auteur . - 2013 . - 9 p.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Molecular Autism > (June 2013) . - 9 p.
Mots-clés : High-functioning autism Narrative comprehension Recognition Memory retrieval Similarity Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background
The objective of this study was to examine differences in episodic memory retrieval between individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and typically developing (TD) individuals. Previous studies have shown that personality similarities between readers and characters facilitated reading comprehension. Highly extraverted participants read stories featuring extraverted protagonists more easily and judged the outcomes of such stories more rapidly than did less extraverted participants. Similarly, highly neurotic participants judged the outcomes of stories with neurotic protagonists more rapidly than did participants with low levels of neuroticism. However, the impact of the similarity effect on memory retrieval remains unclear. This study tested our ‘similarity hypothesis’, namely that memory retrieval is enhanced when readers with ASD and TD readers read stories featuring protagonists with ASD and with characteristics associated with TD individuals, respectively.
Methods
Eighteen Japanese individuals (one female) with high-functioning ASD (aged 17 to 40 years) and 17 age- and intelligence quotient (IQ)-matched Japanese (one female) TD participants (aged 22 to 40 years) read 24 stories; 12 stories featured protagonists with ASD characteristics, and the other 12 featured TD protagonists. Participants read a single sentence at a time and pressed a spacebar to advance to the next sentence. After reading all 24 stories, they were asked to complete a recognition task about the target sentence in each story.
Results
To investigate episodic memory in ASD, we analyzed encoding based on the reading times for and readability of the stories and retrieval processes based on the accuracy of and response times for sentence recognition. Although the results showed no differences between ASD and TD groups in encoding processes, they did reveal inter-group differences in memory retrieval. Although individuals with ASD demonstrated the same level of accuracy as did TD individuals, their patterns of memory retrieval differed with respect to response times.
Conclusions
Individuals with ASD more effectively retrieved ASD-congruent than ASD-incongruent sentences, and TD individuals retrieved stories with TD more effectively than stories with ASD protagonists. Thus, similarity between reader and story character had different effects on memory retrieval in the ASD and TD groups.En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/2040-2392-4-20 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=211 The broad autism phenotype predicts relationship outcomes in newly formed college roommates / Daniel J FASO in Autism, 20-4 (May 2016)
[article]
Titre : The broad autism phenotype predicts relationship outcomes in newly formed college roommates Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Daniel J FASO, Auteur ; Conrad A CORRETTI, Auteur ; Robert A ACKERMAN, Auteur ; Noah J. SASSON, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.412-424 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder broad autism phenotype roommates similarity social motivation Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Although previous studies have reported that the broad autism phenotype is associated with reduced relationship quality within established relationships, understanding how this association emerges requires assessment prior to relationship development. In the present longitudinal study, college roommates with minimal familiarity prior to cohabitation (N?=?162) completed the broad autism phenotype questionnaire and intermittently reported on their relationship quality and interpersonal behaviors toward their roommate over their first 10?weeks of living together. Actor–Partner Interdependence Models demonstrated that roommates mismatched on aloofness (one high and one low) had lower relationship satisfaction than those matched on it, with the interpersonal behavior of warmth mediating this association. Because relationship satisfaction remained high when both roommates were aloof, satisfaction does not appear predicated upon the presence of aloofness generally but rather reflects a product of dissimilarity in aloof profiles between roommates. In contrast, although participants reported less relationship satisfaction and commitment with roommates higher on pragmatic language abnormalities, mismatches on this broad autism phenotype trait, and on rigid personality, were less consequential. In sum, these findings suggest that complementary profiles of social motivation may facilitate relationship quality during the early course of relationship development. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361315585733 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=287
in Autism > 20-4 (May 2016) . - p.412-424[article] The broad autism phenotype predicts relationship outcomes in newly formed college roommates [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Daniel J FASO, Auteur ; Conrad A CORRETTI, Auteur ; Robert A ACKERMAN, Auteur ; Noah J. SASSON, Auteur . - p.412-424.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Autism > 20-4 (May 2016) . - p.412-424
Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder broad autism phenotype roommates similarity social motivation Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Although previous studies have reported that the broad autism phenotype is associated with reduced relationship quality within established relationships, understanding how this association emerges requires assessment prior to relationship development. In the present longitudinal study, college roommates with minimal familiarity prior to cohabitation (N?=?162) completed the broad autism phenotype questionnaire and intermittently reported on their relationship quality and interpersonal behaviors toward their roommate over their first 10?weeks of living together. Actor–Partner Interdependence Models demonstrated that roommates mismatched on aloofness (one high and one low) had lower relationship satisfaction than those matched on it, with the interpersonal behavior of warmth mediating this association. Because relationship satisfaction remained high when both roommates were aloof, satisfaction does not appear predicated upon the presence of aloofness generally but rather reflects a product of dissimilarity in aloof profiles between roommates. In contrast, although participants reported less relationship satisfaction and commitment with roommates higher on pragmatic language abnormalities, mismatches on this broad autism phenotype trait, and on rigid personality, were less consequential. In sum, these findings suggest that complementary profiles of social motivation may facilitate relationship quality during the early course of relationship development. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361315585733 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=287