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Validation of the Movie for the Assessment of Social Cognition in Adolescents with ASD: Fixation Duration and Pupil Dilation as Predictors of Performance / Nico MÜLLER in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 46-9 (September 2016)
[article]
Titre : Validation of the Movie for the Assessment of Social Cognition in Adolescents with ASD: Fixation Duration and Pupil Dilation as Predictors of Performance Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Nico MÜLLER, Auteur ; Sarah BAUMEISTER, Auteur ; Isabel DZIOBEK, Auteur ; Tobias BANASCHEWSKI, Auteur ; Luise POUSTKA, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.2831-2844 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder Eye-tracking Adolescence Pupil dilation Social cognition Ecological validity Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Impaired social cognition is one of the core characteristics of autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Appropriate measures of social cognition for high-functioning adolescents with ASD are, however, lacking. The Movie for the Assessment of Social Cognition (MASC) uses dynamic social stimuli, ensuring ecological validity, and has proven to be a sensitive measure in adulthood. In the current study, 33 adolescents with ASD and 23 controls were administered the MASC, while concurrent eye tracking was used to relate gaze behavior to performance levels. The ASD group exhibited reduced MASC scores, with social cognition performance being explained by shorter fixation duration on eyes and decreased pupil dilation. These potential diagnostic markers are discussed as indicators of different processing of social information in ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-016-2828-z Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=292
in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 46-9 (September 2016) . - p.2831-2844[article] Validation of the Movie for the Assessment of Social Cognition in Adolescents with ASD: Fixation Duration and Pupil Dilation as Predictors of Performance [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Nico MÜLLER, Auteur ; Sarah BAUMEISTER, Auteur ; Isabel DZIOBEK, Auteur ; Tobias BANASCHEWSKI, Auteur ; Luise POUSTKA, Auteur . - p.2831-2844.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 46-9 (September 2016) . - p.2831-2844
Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder Eye-tracking Adolescence Pupil dilation Social cognition Ecological validity Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Impaired social cognition is one of the core characteristics of autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Appropriate measures of social cognition for high-functioning adolescents with ASD are, however, lacking. The Movie for the Assessment of Social Cognition (MASC) uses dynamic social stimuli, ensuring ecological validity, and has proven to be a sensitive measure in adulthood. In the current study, 33 adolescents with ASD and 23 controls were administered the MASC, while concurrent eye tracking was used to relate gaze behavior to performance levels. The ASD group exhibited reduced MASC scores, with social cognition performance being explained by shorter fixation duration on eyes and decreased pupil dilation. These potential diagnostic markers are discussed as indicators of different processing of social information in ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-016-2828-z Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=292 Bimodal Virtual Reality Stroop for Assessing Distractor Inhibition in Autism Spectrum Disorders / Thomas D. PARSONS in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 46-4 (April 2016)
[article]
Titre : Bimodal Virtual Reality Stroop for Assessing Distractor Inhibition in Autism Spectrum Disorders Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Thomas D. PARSONS, Auteur ; Anne R. CARLEW, Auteur Année de publication : 2016 Article en page(s) : p.1255-1267 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Virtual reality Autism Neuropsychology Executive functioning Stroop Ecological validity Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Executive functioning deficits found in college students with ASD may have debilitating effects on their everyday activities. Although laboratory studies tend to report unimpaired inhibition in autism, studies of resistance to distractor inhibition reveal difficulties. In two studies, we compared a Virtual Classroom task with paper-and-pencil and computerized Stroop modalities in typically developing individuals and individuals with ASD. While significant differences were not observed between ASD and neurotypical groups on the paper-and-pencil and computerized task, individuals with ASD performed significantly worse on the virtual task with distractors. Findings suggest the potential of the Virtual Classroom Bimodal Stroop task to distinguish between prepotent response inhibition (non-distraction condition) and resistance to distractor inhibition (distraction condition) in adults with high functioning autism. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-015-2663-7 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=284
in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 46-4 (April 2016) . - p.1255-1267[article] Bimodal Virtual Reality Stroop for Assessing Distractor Inhibition in Autism Spectrum Disorders [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Thomas D. PARSONS, Auteur ; Anne R. CARLEW, Auteur . - 2016 . - p.1255-1267.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 46-4 (April 2016) . - p.1255-1267
Mots-clés : Virtual reality Autism Neuropsychology Executive functioning Stroop Ecological validity Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Executive functioning deficits found in college students with ASD may have debilitating effects on their everyday activities. Although laboratory studies tend to report unimpaired inhibition in autism, studies of resistance to distractor inhibition reveal difficulties. In two studies, we compared a Virtual Classroom task with paper-and-pencil and computerized Stroop modalities in typically developing individuals and individuals with ASD. While significant differences were not observed between ASD and neurotypical groups on the paper-and-pencil and computerized task, individuals with ASD performed significantly worse on the virtual task with distractors. Findings suggest the potential of the Virtual Classroom Bimodal Stroop task to distinguish between prepotent response inhibition (non-distraction condition) and resistance to distractor inhibition (distraction condition) in adults with high functioning autism. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-015-2663-7 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=284 Examining the relationship between face processing and social interaction behavior in children with and without autism spectrum disorder / B. A. CORBETT in Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders, 6-1 (December 2014)
[article]
Titre : Examining the relationship between face processing and social interaction behavior in children with and without autism spectrum disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : B. A. CORBETT, Auteur ; C. NEWSOM, Auteur ; A. P. KEY, Auteur ; L. R. QUALLS, Auteur ; E. K. EDMISTON, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.35 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder Ecological validity Face memory Neuropsychology Play Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) show impairment in reciprocal social communication, which includes deficits in social cognition and behavior. Since social cognition and social behavior are considered to be interdependent, it is valuable to examine social processes on multiple levels of analysis. Neuropsychological measures of face processing often reveal deficits in social cognition in ASD including the ability to identify and remember facial information. However, the extent to which neuropsychological measures are associated with or predictive of real-world social behavior is unclear. METHODS: The study investigated 66 children (ASD 34, typically developing (TD) 32) using neuropsychological measures of face processing (identity, affect, and memory). Children also participated in a peer interaction paradigm, which allowed observation and coding of natural social interaction behaviors during play with peers (e.g., Self-Play, Cooperative Play, Verbal Bout). ANCOVA, regression, and correlation models analyzed between-group differences, the ability of neuropsychological measures to predict social behavior, and the strength of the associations. RESULTS: Between-group differences were shown on Memory for Faces Delayed and the peer interaction variables Self-Play and Verbal Bout. Regression models indicated that Memory for Faces Delayed predicted the amount of Self-Play, Equipment use alone, and Cooperative Play with peers on the playground. Autism symptomology only predicted verbal exchange with peers. CONCLUSIONS: Face memory strongly predicts relevant social engagement patterns in both children with and without ASD. Impairment in facial memory is associated with reduced 'real-world' social interaction and more self-play, whereas higher performance in face memory predicts more cooperative play. Results highlight the strong connection between face memory and reciprocal social interaction, suggesting that improvement in one may benefit the other. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1866-1955-6-35 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=346
in Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders > 6-1 (December 2014) . - p.35[article] Examining the relationship between face processing and social interaction behavior in children with and without autism spectrum disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / B. A. CORBETT, Auteur ; C. NEWSOM, Auteur ; A. P. KEY, Auteur ; L. R. QUALLS, Auteur ; E. K. EDMISTON, Auteur . - p.35.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders > 6-1 (December 2014) . - p.35
Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder Ecological validity Face memory Neuropsychology Play Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) show impairment in reciprocal social communication, which includes deficits in social cognition and behavior. Since social cognition and social behavior are considered to be interdependent, it is valuable to examine social processes on multiple levels of analysis. Neuropsychological measures of face processing often reveal deficits in social cognition in ASD including the ability to identify and remember facial information. However, the extent to which neuropsychological measures are associated with or predictive of real-world social behavior is unclear. METHODS: The study investigated 66 children (ASD 34, typically developing (TD) 32) using neuropsychological measures of face processing (identity, affect, and memory). Children also participated in a peer interaction paradigm, which allowed observation and coding of natural social interaction behaviors during play with peers (e.g., Self-Play, Cooperative Play, Verbal Bout). ANCOVA, regression, and correlation models analyzed between-group differences, the ability of neuropsychological measures to predict social behavior, and the strength of the associations. RESULTS: Between-group differences were shown on Memory for Faces Delayed and the peer interaction variables Self-Play and Verbal Bout. Regression models indicated that Memory for Faces Delayed predicted the amount of Self-Play, Equipment use alone, and Cooperative Play with peers on the playground. Autism symptomology only predicted verbal exchange with peers. CONCLUSIONS: Face memory strongly predicts relevant social engagement patterns in both children with and without ASD. Impairment in facial memory is associated with reduced 'real-world' social interaction and more self-play, whereas higher performance in face memory predicts more cooperative play. Results highlight the strong connection between face memory and reciprocal social interaction, suggesting that improvement in one may benefit the other. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1866-1955-6-35 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=346 How accurate are autistic adults and those high in autistic traits at making face-to-face line-of-sight judgements? / Megan FREETH in Autism, 24-6 (August 2020)
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Titre : How accurate are autistic adults and those high in autistic traits at making face-to-face line-of-sight judgements? Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Megan FREETH, Auteur ; Emma MORGAN, Auteur ; Patricia BUGEMBE, Auteur ; Aaron BROWN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1482-1493 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism autistic traits ecological validity gaze following line-of-sight judgements social cognition and social behaviour Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : In order to effectively understand and consider what others are talking about, we sometimes need to follow their line-of-sight to the location at which they are looking, as this can provide important contextual information regarding what they are saying. If we are not able to follow other people's line-of-sight, this could result in social communication difficulties. Here we tested how effectively autistic and neurotypical adults are at following a social partner's line-of-sight during a face-to-face task. In a first study, completed by 14 autistic adult participants of average to above-average verbal ability and 14 neurotypical adult participants, we found that all participants were able to effectively follow the social partner's line-of-sight. We also found that participants tended to be as effective at making these judgements from both a brief, 1s, glance or a long, 5s, stare. However, autistic adults were less accurate, on average, than neurotypical adults overall. In a second study, a separate group of 65 neurotypical adults completed the same line-of-sight judgement task to investigate whether task performance was related to individual variation in self-reported autistic traits. This found that the amount of self-reported autistic traits was not at all related to people's ability to accurately make line-of-sight judgements. This research isolates and furthers our understanding of an important component part of the social communication process and assesses it in a real-world context. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361320909176 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=428
in Autism > 24-6 (August 2020) . - p.1482-1493[article] How accurate are autistic adults and those high in autistic traits at making face-to-face line-of-sight judgements? [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Megan FREETH, Auteur ; Emma MORGAN, Auteur ; Patricia BUGEMBE, Auteur ; Aaron BROWN, Auteur . - p.1482-1493.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Autism > 24-6 (August 2020) . - p.1482-1493
Mots-clés : autism autistic traits ecological validity gaze following line-of-sight judgements social cognition and social behaviour Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : In order to effectively understand and consider what others are talking about, we sometimes need to follow their line-of-sight to the location at which they are looking, as this can provide important contextual information regarding what they are saying. If we are not able to follow other people's line-of-sight, this could result in social communication difficulties. Here we tested how effectively autistic and neurotypical adults are at following a social partner's line-of-sight during a face-to-face task. In a first study, completed by 14 autistic adult participants of average to above-average verbal ability and 14 neurotypical adult participants, we found that all participants were able to effectively follow the social partner's line-of-sight. We also found that participants tended to be as effective at making these judgements from both a brief, 1s, glance or a long, 5s, stare. However, autistic adults were less accurate, on average, than neurotypical adults overall. In a second study, a separate group of 65 neurotypical adults completed the same line-of-sight judgement task to investigate whether task performance was related to individual variation in self-reported autistic traits. This found that the amount of self-reported autistic traits was not at all related to people's ability to accurately make line-of-sight judgements. This research isolates and furthers our understanding of an important component part of the social communication process and assesses it in a real-world context. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361320909176 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=428 Social attention patterns of autistic and non-autistic adults when viewing real versus reel people / Beatriz LOPEZ in Autism, 27-8 (November 2023)
[article]
Titre : Social attention patterns of autistic and non-autistic adults when viewing real versus reel people Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Beatriz LOPEZ, Auteur ; Nicola Jean GREGORY, Auteur ; Megan FREETH, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.2372-2383 Mots-clés : autism ecological validity eye-tracking social attention Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Research consistently shows that autistic adults do not attend to faces as much as non-autistic adults. However, this conclusion is largely based on studies using pre-recorded videos or photographs as stimuli. In studies using real social scenarios, the evidence is not as clear. To explore the extent to which differences in findings relate to differences in the methodologies used across studies, we directly compared social attention of 32 autistic and 33 non-autistic adults when watching exactly the same video. However, half of the participants in each group were told simply to watch the video (Video condition), and the other half were led to believe they were watching a live webcam feed ('Live' condition). The results yielded no significant group differences in the 'Live' condition. However, significant group differences were found in the 'Video' condition. In this condition, non-autistic participants, but not autistic participants, showed a marked social bias towards faces. The findings highlight the importance of studying social attention combining different methods. Specifically, we argue that studies using pre-recorded footage and studies using real people tap into separate components contributing to social attention. One that is an innate, automatic component and one that is modulated by social norms.Lay AbstractEarly research shows that autistic adults do not attend to faces as much as non-autistic adults. However, some recent studies where autistic people are placed in scenarios with real people reveal that they attend to faces as much as non-autistic people. This study compares attention to faces in two situations. In one, autistic and non-autistic adults watched a pre-recorded video. In the other, they watched what they thought were two people in a room in the same building, via a life webcam, when in fact exactly the same video in two situations. We report the results of 32 autistic adults and 33 non-autistic adults. The results showed that autistic adults do not differ in any way from non-autistic adults when they watched what they believed was people interacting in real time. However, when they thought they were watching a video, non-autistic participants showed higher levels of attention to faces than non-autistic participants. We conclude that attention to social stimuli is the result of a combination of two processes. One innate, which seems to be different in autism, and one that is influenced by social norms, which works in the same way in autistic adults without learning disabilities. The results suggest that social attention is not as different in autism as first thought. Specifically, the study contributes to dispel long-standing deficit models regarding social attention in autism as it points to subtle differences in the use of social norms rather than impairments. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613231162156 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=513
in Autism > 27-8 (November 2023) . - p.2372-2383[article] Social attention patterns of autistic and non-autistic adults when viewing real versus reel people [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Beatriz LOPEZ, Auteur ; Nicola Jean GREGORY, Auteur ; Megan FREETH, Auteur . - p.2372-2383.
in Autism > 27-8 (November 2023) . - p.2372-2383
Mots-clés : autism ecological validity eye-tracking social attention Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Research consistently shows that autistic adults do not attend to faces as much as non-autistic adults. However, this conclusion is largely based on studies using pre-recorded videos or photographs as stimuli. In studies using real social scenarios, the evidence is not as clear. To explore the extent to which differences in findings relate to differences in the methodologies used across studies, we directly compared social attention of 32 autistic and 33 non-autistic adults when watching exactly the same video. However, half of the participants in each group were told simply to watch the video (Video condition), and the other half were led to believe they were watching a live webcam feed ('Live' condition). The results yielded no significant group differences in the 'Live' condition. However, significant group differences were found in the 'Video' condition. In this condition, non-autistic participants, but not autistic participants, showed a marked social bias towards faces. The findings highlight the importance of studying social attention combining different methods. Specifically, we argue that studies using pre-recorded footage and studies using real people tap into separate components contributing to social attention. One that is an innate, automatic component and one that is modulated by social norms.Lay AbstractEarly research shows that autistic adults do not attend to faces as much as non-autistic adults. However, some recent studies where autistic people are placed in scenarios with real people reveal that they attend to faces as much as non-autistic people. This study compares attention to faces in two situations. In one, autistic and non-autistic adults watched a pre-recorded video. In the other, they watched what they thought were two people in a room in the same building, via a life webcam, when in fact exactly the same video in two situations. We report the results of 32 autistic adults and 33 non-autistic adults. The results showed that autistic adults do not differ in any way from non-autistic adults when they watched what they believed was people interacting in real time. However, when they thought they were watching a video, non-autistic participants showed higher levels of attention to faces than non-autistic participants. We conclude that attention to social stimuli is the result of a combination of two processes. One innate, which seems to be different in autism, and one that is influenced by social norms, which works in the same way in autistic adults without learning disabilities. The results suggest that social attention is not as different in autism as first thought. Specifically, the study contributes to dispel long-standing deficit models regarding social attention in autism as it points to subtle differences in the use of social norms rather than impairments. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613231162156 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=513