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Testing the Extreme Male Brain Theory of Autism Spectrum Disorder in a Familial Design / Ingeborg HAUTH in Autism Research, 7-4 (August 2014)
[article]
Titre : Testing the Extreme Male Brain Theory of Autism Spectrum Disorder in a Familial Design Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Ingeborg HAUTH, Auteur ; Yvette G. E. DE BRUIJN, Auteur ; Wouter STAAL, Auteur ; Jan K. BUITELAAR, Auteur ; Nanda N. ROMMELSE, Auteur Année de publication : 2014 Article en page(s) : p.491-500 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder extreme male brain theory testosterone 2D:4D finger length siblings parents empathizing systemizing Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) may be an extreme manifestation of some male-typical traits in both neuroanatomy and cognition. Using the ratio of the second to fourth digit (2D:4D) and digit length as biomarkers of (pre- and postnatal) testosterone levels, examined was whether hypermasculinized digit ratios and/or lengths were familial traits in ASD and investigated their relation to sexually dimorphic cognitive abilities. 2D:4D ratios and digit lengths of 216 children with ASD, 202 unaffected siblings, and 360 parents were compared with those of 174 control children and their 146 parents. Generalized Estimation Equations, Generalized Linear Models, and Linear Mixed Models were used to investigate parent–offspring relationships and group differences. In ASD probands and their relatives alike, digit length relative to overall height was significantly increased in comparison to controls. No significant group differences were found between affected and unaffected subjects, or between males and females. Additionally, 2D:4D ratios increased with age. No (consistent) associations were found between 2D:4D ratio or digit lengths and systemizing and empathizing skills. The findings emphasize the role of familially based elevated pre- and postnatal testosterone levels in the liability for ASD, but challenge the use of 2D:4D ratio as a proxy of prenatal testosterone exposure solely. Given that many genes influence digit length, the exact mechanisms underlying a familial predisposition toward increased digit length in ASD are as yet unknown and needs to be explored in future studies. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1384 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=238
in Autism Research > 7-4 (August 2014) . - p.491-500[article] Testing the Extreme Male Brain Theory of Autism Spectrum Disorder in a Familial Design [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Ingeborg HAUTH, Auteur ; Yvette G. E. DE BRUIJN, Auteur ; Wouter STAAL, Auteur ; Jan K. BUITELAAR, Auteur ; Nanda N. ROMMELSE, Auteur . - 2014 . - p.491-500.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Autism Research > 7-4 (August 2014) . - p.491-500
Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder extreme male brain theory testosterone 2D:4D finger length siblings parents empathizing systemizing Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) may be an extreme manifestation of some male-typical traits in both neuroanatomy and cognition. Using the ratio of the second to fourth digit (2D:4D) and digit length as biomarkers of (pre- and postnatal) testosterone levels, examined was whether hypermasculinized digit ratios and/or lengths were familial traits in ASD and investigated their relation to sexually dimorphic cognitive abilities. 2D:4D ratios and digit lengths of 216 children with ASD, 202 unaffected siblings, and 360 parents were compared with those of 174 control children and their 146 parents. Generalized Estimation Equations, Generalized Linear Models, and Linear Mixed Models were used to investigate parent–offspring relationships and group differences. In ASD probands and their relatives alike, digit length relative to overall height was significantly increased in comparison to controls. No significant group differences were found between affected and unaffected subjects, or between males and females. Additionally, 2D:4D ratios increased with age. No (consistent) associations were found between 2D:4D ratio or digit lengths and systemizing and empathizing skills. The findings emphasize the role of familially based elevated pre- and postnatal testosterone levels in the liability for ASD, but challenge the use of 2D:4D ratio as a proxy of prenatal testosterone exposure solely. Given that many genes influence digit length, the exact mechanisms underlying a familial predisposition toward increased digit length in ASD are as yet unknown and needs to be explored in future studies. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1384 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=238 The Empathizing-Systemizing Theory and 'Extreme Male Brain' (EMB) Theory in Parents of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD): An Explorative, Cross-Sectional Study / Francesco CRAIG in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 49-10 (October 2019)
[article]
Titre : The Empathizing-Systemizing Theory and 'Extreme Male Brain' (EMB) Theory in Parents of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD): An Explorative, Cross-Sectional Study Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Francesco CRAIG, Auteur ; A. DE GIACOMO, Auteur ; R. SAVINO, Auteur ; M. RUGGIERO, Auteur ; L. RUSSO, Auteur ; I. FANIZZA, Auteur ; L. MARGARI, Auteur ; A. TRABACCA, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.4067-4078 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder Empathizing Extreme male brain theory Parental broad autism phenotype Systemizing Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The aim of this study was to evaluate whether empathizing and systemizing are part of the parental broad autism phenotype (BAP). Parents (N = 76) of preschool children with a diagnosis of ASD and parents (N = 48) of typically developing (TD) children completed the Empathy Quotient (EQ) and Systemizing Quotient-Revised (SQ-R) questionnaires. The E-S discrepancy (D score) was used to test for sex differences in five "brain types". Our results suggest that the E-S theory do not seem to be part of the BAP. However, a stronger drive to systemize than empathize (Type S brain) could be a highly inheritable cognitive endophenotype of mothers of children with ASD. This study should be repeated with a larger sample size. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-019-04114-w Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=407
in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 49-10 (October 2019) . - p.4067-4078[article] The Empathizing-Systemizing Theory and 'Extreme Male Brain' (EMB) Theory in Parents of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD): An Explorative, Cross-Sectional Study [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Francesco CRAIG, Auteur ; A. DE GIACOMO, Auteur ; R. SAVINO, Auteur ; M. RUGGIERO, Auteur ; L. RUSSO, Auteur ; I. FANIZZA, Auteur ; L. MARGARI, Auteur ; A. TRABACCA, Auteur . - p.4067-4078.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 49-10 (October 2019) . - p.4067-4078
Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder Empathizing Extreme male brain theory Parental broad autism phenotype Systemizing Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The aim of this study was to evaluate whether empathizing and systemizing are part of the parental broad autism phenotype (BAP). Parents (N = 76) of preschool children with a diagnosis of ASD and parents (N = 48) of typically developing (TD) children completed the Empathy Quotient (EQ) and Systemizing Quotient-Revised (SQ-R) questionnaires. The E-S discrepancy (D score) was used to test for sex differences in five "brain types". Our results suggest that the E-S theory do not seem to be part of the BAP. However, a stronger drive to systemize than empathize (Type S brain) could be a highly inheritable cognitive endophenotype of mothers of children with ASD. This study should be repeated with a larger sample size. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-019-04114-w Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=407 The Extreme Male Brain theory and gender role behaviour in persons with an autism spectrum condition / Johannes E.A. STAUDER in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 5-3 (July-September 2011)
[article]
Titre : The Extreme Male Brain theory and gender role behaviour in persons with an autism spectrum condition Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Johannes E.A. STAUDER, Auteur ; L.J.M. CORNET, Auteur ; R.W.H.M. PONDS, Auteur Année de publication : 2011 Article en page(s) : p.1209-1214 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism Extreme Male Brain theory Gender role behaviour Psychosexual behaviour Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : According to the Extreme Male Brain theory persons with autism possess masculinised cognitive traits. In this study masculinisation of gender role behaviour is evaluated in 25 persons with an autism spectrum condition (ASC) and matched controls with gender role behaviour as part of a shortened version of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 and the Empathizing Quotient and Systemizing Quotient. Both males and females with an ASC showed minimum male role behaviour. It is suggested that the minimum male gender role could be related to an underdeveloped Theory of Mind, a well-known feature of autism. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2011.01.008 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=119
in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 5-3 (July-September 2011) . - p.1209-1214[article] The Extreme Male Brain theory and gender role behaviour in persons with an autism spectrum condition [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Johannes E.A. STAUDER, Auteur ; L.J.M. CORNET, Auteur ; R.W.H.M. PONDS, Auteur . - 2011 . - p.1209-1214.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 5-3 (July-September 2011) . - p.1209-1214
Mots-clés : Autism Extreme Male Brain theory Gender role behaviour Psychosexual behaviour Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : According to the Extreme Male Brain theory persons with autism possess masculinised cognitive traits. In this study masculinisation of gender role behaviour is evaluated in 25 persons with an autism spectrum condition (ASC) and matched controls with gender role behaviour as part of a shortened version of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 and the Empathizing Quotient and Systemizing Quotient. Both males and females with an ASC showed minimum male role behaviour. It is suggested that the minimum male gender role could be related to an underdeveloped Theory of Mind, a well-known feature of autism. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2011.01.008 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=119 Circumscribed Interests and Attention in Autism: The Role of Biological Sex / C. HARROP in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 48-10 (October 2018)
[article]
Titre : Circumscribed Interests and Attention in Autism: The Role of Biological Sex Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : C. HARROP, Auteur ; D. JONES, Auteur ; S. ZHENG, Auteur ; Sallie W. NOWELL, Auteur ; Brian A. BOYD, Auteur ; Noah J. SASSON, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.3449-3459 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Circumscribed interests Extreme Male Brain theory Eye-tracking Females Sex differences Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Recent studies suggest that circumscribed interests (CI) in females with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) may align more closely with interests reported in typical female development than those typically reported for ASD males. We used eye-tracking to quantify attention to arrays containing combinations of male, female and neutral images in elementary-aged males and females with and without ASD. A number of condition x sex effects emerged, with both groups attending to images that corresponded with interests typically associated with their biological sex. Diagnostic effects reported in similar studies were not replicated in our modified design. Our findings of more typical attention patterns to gender-typical images in ASD females is consistent with evidence of sex differences in CI and inconsistent with the "Extreme Male Brain" theory of ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-018-3612-z Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=369
in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 48-10 (October 2018) . - p.3449-3459[article] Circumscribed Interests and Attention in Autism: The Role of Biological Sex [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / C. HARROP, Auteur ; D. JONES, Auteur ; S. ZHENG, Auteur ; Sallie W. NOWELL, Auteur ; Brian A. BOYD, Auteur ; Noah J. SASSON, Auteur . - p.3449-3459.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 48-10 (October 2018) . - p.3449-3459
Mots-clés : Circumscribed interests Extreme Male Brain theory Eye-tracking Females Sex differences Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Recent studies suggest that circumscribed interests (CI) in females with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) may align more closely with interests reported in typical female development than those typically reported for ASD males. We used eye-tracking to quantify attention to arrays containing combinations of male, female and neutral images in elementary-aged males and females with and without ASD. A number of condition x sex effects emerged, with both groups attending to images that corresponded with interests typically associated with their biological sex. Diagnostic effects reported in similar studies were not replicated in our modified design. Our findings of more typical attention patterns to gender-typical images in ASD females is consistent with evidence of sex differences in CI and inconsistent with the "Extreme Male Brain" theory of ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-018-3612-z Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=369