661 recherche sur le mot-clé 'extreme-male'

2D:4D Ratio and Autism Spectrum Disorder in Brunei Darussalam / Shirley H.F. LEE in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 51-12 (December 2021)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 51-12 (December 2021) . - p.4577-4586 Titre : 2D:4D Ratio and Autism Spectrum Disorder in Brunei Darussalam Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Shirley H.F. LEE, Auteur ; Syahiirah Abd AZIZ, Auteur ; Mawarni HAMID, Auteur ; Ya Chee LIM, Auteur ; David KOH, Auteur ; Li Ling CHAW, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.4577-4586 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism Spectrum Disorder/diagnosis/epidemiology  Brunei  Case-Control Studies  Child  Child, Preschool  Female  Fingers  Hand  Humans  Male  Sex Characteristics  2D:4D ratio  2D:4D ratio symmetry  Androgens  Autism spectrum disorders (ASD)  Brunei Darussalam  Digit ratio  Extreme male brain (EMB)  Hormones  Testosterone  this manuscript. Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Despite the global increase in the prevalence of autism spectrum disorders (ASD), relevant research studies are lacking in Brunei Darussalam. Various studies have shown a significant association between a lowered 2D:4D ratio (ratio of second digit/index finger to the fourth digit/ring finger) and ASD, making it one of the potential phenotypic biomarkers for early detection of autism, which is important for early intervention and management. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to explore the association between 2D:4D ratio and ASD in Brunei Darussalam, as a potential tool to complement early ASD diagnosis. METHODS: We conducted a case-control study comprising 28 ASD and 62 typically developing (TD) children in the case and control group, respectively (age range: 3-11 years old; median age: 6 years old). Median 2D:4D ratios were measured, compared and analysed between the two groups. Logistic regression models were used to explore potential associations between the median 2D:4D ratio and ASD in respective gender, for both left and right hands, independently. RESULTS: Our study shows that the median 2D:4D ratio of left hand in ASD males is significantly lower than those in TD males, after adjusting for ethnicity and age [Odds Ratio (OR) = 0.57 (95% Confidence Interval (CI): 0.31-0.96); p = 0.044]. For females, there is no association of ASD with the median left hand 2D:4D ratio [OR = 3.09 (95% CI: 0.98-19.86); p = 0.144] or the median right hand 2D:4D ratio [OR = 1.23 (95% CI: 0.42-3.88); p = 0.702]. Our study also shows a significant positive correlation and/or a reduced asymmetry between the average 2D:4D ratio of left hands and right hands in ASD males (Pearson's correlation (r) = 0.48; 95% CI: 0.076-0.75, p = 0.023). CONCLUSIONS: There is significant association between a lowered median 2D:4D ratio of the left hand (in males only) and ASD diagnosis. Once validated in a larger sample size, a lowered median 2D:4D ratio on the left hand may be a potential tool to complement ASD diagnosis for males in our study population. There is no association between the median 2D:4D ratio (left or right hands) and ASD in females, which could be due to the small female sample size and/or the possibility of different aetiology for ASD in females. Reduced asymmetry between the average 2D:4D ratio of left and right hands observed in ASD males only (not in ASD females) also suggests the importance of considering gender-specific biomarkers for ASD diagnosis. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-021-04899-9 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=454 [article] 2D:4D Ratio and Autism Spectrum Disorder in Brunei Darussalam [texte imprimé] / Shirley H.F. LEE, Auteur ; Syahiirah Abd AZIZ, Auteur ; Mawarni HAMID, Auteur ; Ya Chee LIM, Auteur ; David KOH, Auteur ; Li Ling CHAW, Auteur . - p.4577-4586. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 51-12 (December 2021) . - p.4577-4586 Mots-clés : Autism Spectrum Disorder/diagnosis/epidemiology  Brunei  Case-Control Studies  Child  Child, Preschool  Female  Fingers  Hand  Humans  Male  Sex Characteristics  2D:4D ratio  2D:4D ratio symmetry  Androgens  Autism spectrum disorders (ASD)  Brunei Darussalam  Digit ratio  Extreme male brain (EMB)  Hormones  Testosterone  this manuscript. Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Despite the global increase in the prevalence of autism spectrum disorders (ASD), relevant research studies are lacking in Brunei Darussalam. Various studies have shown a significant association between a lowered 2D:4D ratio (ratio of second digit/index finger to the fourth digit/ring finger) and ASD, making it one of the potential phenotypic biomarkers for early detection of autism, which is important for early intervention and management. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to explore the association between 2D:4D ratio and ASD in Brunei Darussalam, as a potential tool to complement early ASD diagnosis. METHODS: We conducted a case-control study comprising 28 ASD and 62 typically developing (TD) children in the case and control group, respectively (age range: 3-11 years old; median age: 6 years old). Median 2D:4D ratios were measured, compared and analysed between the two groups. Logistic regression models were used to explore potential associations between the median 2D:4D ratio and ASD in respective gender, for both left and right hands, independently. RESULTS: Our study shows that the median 2D:4D ratio of left hand in ASD males is significantly lower than those in TD males, after adjusting for ethnicity and age [Odds Ratio (OR) = 0.57 (95% Confidence Interval (CI): 0.31-0.96); p = 0.044]. For females, there is no association of ASD with the median left hand 2D:4D ratio [OR = 3.09 (95% CI: 0.98-19.86); p = 0.144] or the median right hand 2D:4D ratio [OR = 1.23 (95% CI: 0.42-3.88); p = 0.702]. Our study also shows a significant positive correlation and/or a reduced asymmetry between the average 2D:4D ratio of left hands and right hands in ASD males (Pearson's correlation (r) = 0.48; 95% CI: 0.076-0.75, p = 0.023). CONCLUSIONS: There is significant association between a lowered median 2D:4D ratio of the left hand (in males only) and ASD diagnosis. Once validated in a larger sample size, a lowered median 2D:4D ratio on the left hand may be a potential tool to complement ASD diagnosis for males in our study population. There is no association between the median 2D:4D ratio (left or right hands) and ASD in females, which could be due to the small female sample size and/or the possibility of different aetiology for ASD in females. Reduced asymmetry between the average 2D:4D ratio of left and right hands observed in ASD males only (not in ASD females) also suggests the importance of considering gender-specific biomarkers for ASD diagnosis. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-021-04899-9 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=454

Absence of sex differences in mental rotation performance in autism spectrum disorder / Melanie S. ROHDE in Autism, 22-7 (October 2018)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 22-7 (October 2018) . - p.855-865 Titre : Absence of sex differences in mental rotation performance in autism spectrum disorder Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Melanie S. ROHDE, Auteur ; Alexandra Livia GEORGESCU, Auteur ; Kai VOGELEY, Auteur ; Rolf FIMMERS, Auteur ; Christine M. FALTER-WAGNER, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.855-865 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : adults  autism spectrum disorders  extreme male brain  mental rotation  sex differences  visuo-spatial Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Mental rotation is one of the most investigated cognitive functions showing consistent sex differences. The 'Extreme Male Brain' hypothesis attributes the cognitive profile of individuals with autism spectrum disorder to an extreme version of the male cognitive profile. Previous investigations focused almost exclusively on males with autism spectrum disorder with only limited implications for affected females. This study is the first testing a sample of 12 female adults with high-functioning autism spectrum disorder compared to 14 males with autism spectrum disorder, 12 typically developing females and 14 typically developing males employing a computerised version of the mental rotation test. Reaction time and accuracy served as dependent variables. Their linear relationship with degree of rotation allows separation of rotational aspects of the task, indicated by slopes of the psychometric function, and non-rotational aspects, indicated by intercepts of the psychometric function. While the typical and expected sex difference for rotational task aspects was corroborated in typically developing individuals, no comparable sex difference was found in autism spectrum disorder individuals. Autism spectrum disorder and typically developing individuals did not differ in mental rotation performance. This finding does not support the extreme male brain hypothesis of autism. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361317714991 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=370 [article] Absence of sex differences in mental rotation performance in autism spectrum disorder [texte imprimé] / Melanie S. ROHDE, Auteur ; Alexandra Livia GEORGESCU, Auteur ; Kai VOGELEY, Auteur ; Rolf FIMMERS, Auteur ; Christine M. FALTER-WAGNER, Auteur . - p.855-865. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 22-7 (October 2018) . - p.855-865 Mots-clés : adults  autism spectrum disorders  extreme male brain  mental rotation  sex differences  visuo-spatial Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Mental rotation is one of the most investigated cognitive functions showing consistent sex differences. The 'Extreme Male Brain' hypothesis attributes the cognitive profile of individuals with autism spectrum disorder to an extreme version of the male cognitive profile. Previous investigations focused almost exclusively on males with autism spectrum disorder with only limited implications for affected females. This study is the first testing a sample of 12 female adults with high-functioning autism spectrum disorder compared to 14 males with autism spectrum disorder, 12 typically developing females and 14 typically developing males employing a computerised version of the mental rotation test. Reaction time and accuracy served as dependent variables. Their linear relationship with degree of rotation allows separation of rotational aspects of the task, indicated by slopes of the psychometric function, and non-rotational aspects, indicated by intercepts of the psychometric function. While the typical and expected sex difference for rotational task aspects was corroborated in typically developing individuals, no comparable sex difference was found in autism spectrum disorder individuals. Autism spectrum disorder and typically developing individuals did not differ in mental rotation performance. This finding does not support the extreme male brain hypothesis of autism. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361317714991 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=370

Association between early androgens and autistic traits: A systematic review and meta-analysis / Nadia COSCINI in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 85 (July 2021)  

Public ISBD [article]  inResearch in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 85 (July 2021) . - 101789 Titre : Association between early androgens and autistic traits: A systematic review and meta-analysis Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Nadia COSCINI, Auteur ; Katrina WILLIAMS, Auteur ; Denise CHEW, Auteur ; Kenneth C. PANG, Auteur ; Michele A. O’CONNELL, Auteur ; Tamara MAY, Auteur Article en page(s) : 101789 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism  Androgen  Testosterone  Extreme male brain  Systematic review Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background We systematically reviewed evidence for the androgen theory which proposes exposure to elevated levels of androgens in early development predisposes to autistic behaviour. Method MEDLINE, EMBASE and Pubmed were searched for studies measuring androgens in mother or child during pregnancy or the first year of life and examined autistic behaviours (including social ability and repetitive behaviour) and language measured up to age 24 years. Results Twenty-five of 3,041 publications met inclusion criteria, exploring 11 unique cohorts. Overall quality of evidence was very low as studies were non-experimental and most had high risk of bias. Only one research group found significant associations between autistic behaviour and androgens in amniotic fluid. There were mixed findings across the studies reviewed. Meta-analysis indicated a small significant pooled association between autistic behaviour and androgens in amniotic fluid (males and females combined; 3 studies), 0.28 [95 % CI 0.14, 0.41], also significant in males and females separately. Conclusions Despite interest in this topic, of studies exploring direct measures of early androgens and later autistic traits, there is only a small amount of low-quality evidence from independent cohorts. The androgen theory of autism is neither confirmed nor refuted by the existing association studies included in this review. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2021.101789 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=458 [article] Association between early androgens and autistic traits: A systematic review and meta-analysis [texte imprimé] / Nadia COSCINI, Auteur ; Katrina WILLIAMS, Auteur ; Denise CHEW, Auteur ; Kenneth C. PANG, Auteur ; Michele A. O’CONNELL, Auteur ; Tamara MAY, Auteur . - 101789. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 85 (July 2021) . - 101789 Mots-clés : Autism  Androgen  Testosterone  Extreme male brain  Systematic review Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background We systematically reviewed evidence for the androgen theory which proposes exposure to elevated levels of androgens in early development predisposes to autistic behaviour. Method MEDLINE, EMBASE and Pubmed were searched for studies measuring androgens in mother or child during pregnancy or the first year of life and examined autistic behaviours (including social ability and repetitive behaviour) and language measured up to age 24 years. Results Twenty-five of 3,041 publications met inclusion criteria, exploring 11 unique cohorts. Overall quality of evidence was very low as studies were non-experimental and most had high risk of bias. Only one research group found significant associations between autistic behaviour and androgens in amniotic fluid. There were mixed findings across the studies reviewed. Meta-analysis indicated a small significant pooled association between autistic behaviour and androgens in amniotic fluid (males and females combined; 3 studies), 0.28 [95 % CI 0.14, 0.41], also significant in males and females separately. Conclusions Despite interest in this topic, of studies exploring direct measures of early androgens and later autistic traits, there is only a small amount of low-quality evidence from independent cohorts. The androgen theory of autism is neither confirmed nor refuted by the existing association studies included in this review. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2021.101789 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=458

Autistic traits, systemising, empathising, and theory of mind in transgender and non-binary adults / Karson T.F. KUNG in Molecular Autism, 11 (2020)  

Public ISBD [article]  inMolecular Autism > 11 (2020) . - 73 p. Titre : Autistic traits, systemising, empathising, and theory of mind in transgender and non-binary adults Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Karson T.F. KUNG, Auteur Article en page(s) : 73 p. Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism  Empathy  Extreme male brain  Gender minority  Non-binary  Systemising  Theory of mind  Transgender Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Prior research examining autistic traits in gender minority adults has reported mixed findings. Most prior studies did not include non-binary individuals. Little is known about the mechanisms shaping autistic traits in gender minority adults. This study examined autistic traits, as well as constructs related to the extreme male brain theory of autism and the mindblindness theory, in transgender and non-binary adults. METHODS: An online survey was conducted to assess autism-related traits in 323 gender minority adults, including 74 transgender men (individuals assigned female at birth and identify as a man), 95 transgender women (individuals assigned male at birth and identify as a woman), 104 non-binary AFAB (individuals assigned female at birth and identify as non-binary), and 50 non-binary AMAB (individuals assigned male at birth and identify as non-binary). Autistic traits, systemising, empathising, and Theory of Mind (ToM) were measured using the Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ), the short forms of the Systemising Quotient (SQ-Short) and the Empathy Quotient (EQ-Short), the 10-item version of the Empathy Quotient (EQ-10) and the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test (Eyes Test). Participants' scores on these measures were compared with previously published scores based on large-scale general population samples including thousands of participants. RESULTS: On average, compared with control females in the general population samples, both transgender men and non-binary AFAB scored significantly higher on the AQ and the SQ-Short but scored significantly lower on the EQ-Short, the EQ-10, and the Eyes Test. No clear or consistent group differences emerged when transgender women and non-binary AMAB were compared with control males. LIMITATIONS: The present study does not have a large sample of gender minority adults. It has been argued that the measures employed may not provide a precise assessment of the psychological constructs of interest. The present study has a "non-clinical" sample. However, not all gender minorities have access to or require clinical services, and so a "non-clinical" sample may be more representative of the gender minority community as a whole than samples recruited through clinics. CONCLUSIONS: The current findings suggest a "masculinised" autism-related profile and reduced ToM in transgender men and in non-binary AFAB. These findings might be interpreted to support the extreme male brain theory of autism and the mindblindness theory. Further research is needed to corroborate these findings. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-020-00378-7 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=433 [article] Autistic traits, systemising, empathising, and theory of mind in transgender and non-binary adults [texte imprimé] / Karson T.F. KUNG, Auteur . - 73 p. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Molecular Autism > 11 (2020) . - 73 p. Mots-clés : Autism  Empathy  Extreme male brain  Gender minority  Non-binary  Systemising  Theory of mind  Transgender Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Prior research examining autistic traits in gender minority adults has reported mixed findings. Most prior studies did not include non-binary individuals. Little is known about the mechanisms shaping autistic traits in gender minority adults. This study examined autistic traits, as well as constructs related to the extreme male brain theory of autism and the mindblindness theory, in transgender and non-binary adults. METHODS: An online survey was conducted to assess autism-related traits in 323 gender minority adults, including 74 transgender men (individuals assigned female at birth and identify as a man), 95 transgender women (individuals assigned male at birth and identify as a woman), 104 non-binary AFAB (individuals assigned female at birth and identify as non-binary), and 50 non-binary AMAB (individuals assigned male at birth and identify as non-binary). Autistic traits, systemising, empathising, and Theory of Mind (ToM) were measured using the Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ), the short forms of the Systemising Quotient (SQ-Short) and the Empathy Quotient (EQ-Short), the 10-item version of the Empathy Quotient (EQ-10) and the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test (Eyes Test). Participants' scores on these measures were compared with previously published scores based on large-scale general population samples including thousands of participants. RESULTS: On average, compared with control females in the general population samples, both transgender men and non-binary AFAB scored significantly higher on the AQ and the SQ-Short but scored significantly lower on the EQ-Short, the EQ-10, and the Eyes Test. No clear or consistent group differences emerged when transgender women and non-binary AMAB were compared with control males. LIMITATIONS: The present study does not have a large sample of gender minority adults. It has been argued that the measures employed may not provide a precise assessment of the psychological constructs of interest. The present study has a "non-clinical" sample. However, not all gender minorities have access to or require clinical services, and so a "non-clinical" sample may be more representative of the gender minority community as a whole than samples recruited through clinics. CONCLUSIONS: The current findings suggest a "masculinised" autism-related profile and reduced ToM in transgender men and in non-binary AFAB. These findings might be interpreted to support the extreme male brain theory of autism and the mindblindness theory. Further research is needed to corroborate these findings. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-020-00378-7 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=433

Circumscribed Interests and Attention in Autism: The Role of Biological Sex / Clare HARROP in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 48-10 (October 2018)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 48-10 (October 2018) . - p.3449-3459 Titre : Circumscribed Interests and Attention in Autism: The Role of Biological Sex Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Clare HARROP, Auteur ; Desiree JONES, Auteur ; Shuting ZHENG, Auteur ; Sallie W. NOWELL, Auteur ; Brian A. BOYD, Auteur ; Noah J. SASSON, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.3449-3459 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Circumscribed interests  Extreme Male Brain theory  Eye-tracking  Females  Sex differences Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Recent studies suggest that circumscribed interests (CI) in females with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) may align more closely with interests reported in typical female development than those typically reported for ASD males. We used eye-tracking to quantify attention to arrays containing combinations of male, female and neutral images in elementary-aged males and females with and without ASD. A number of condition x sex effects emerged, with both groups attending to images that corresponded with interests typically associated with their biological sex. Diagnostic effects reported in similar studies were not replicated in our modified design. Our findings of more typical attention patterns to gender-typical images in ASD females is consistent with evidence of sex differences in CI and inconsistent with the "Extreme Male Brain" theory of ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-018-3612-z Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=369 [article] Circumscribed Interests and Attention in Autism: The Role of Biological Sex [texte imprimé] / Clare HARROP, Auteur ; Desiree JONES, Auteur ; Shuting ZHENG, Auteur ; Sallie W. NOWELL, Auteur ; Brian A. BOYD, Auteur ; Noah J. SASSON, Auteur . - p.3449-3459. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 48-10 (October 2018) . - p.3449-3459 Mots-clés : Circumscribed interests  Extreme Male Brain theory  Eye-tracking  Females  Sex differences Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Recent studies suggest that circumscribed interests (CI) in females with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) may align more closely with interests reported in typical female development than those typically reported for ASD males. We used eye-tracking to quantify attention to arrays containing combinations of male, female and neutral images in elementary-aged males and females with and without ASD. A number of condition x sex effects emerged, with both groups attending to images that corresponded with interests typically associated with their biological sex. Diagnostic effects reported in similar studies were not replicated in our modified design. Our findings of more typical attention patterns to gender-typical images in ASD females is consistent with evidence of sex differences in CI and inconsistent with the "Extreme Male Brain" theory of ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-018-3612-z Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=369

A Critical Review of the Research on the Extreme Male Brain Theory and Digit Ratio (2D:4D) / Missy L. TEATERO in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 43-11 (November 2013)  

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Does the Extreme Male Brain Hypothesis of Autism Apply More to Females Than Males? A Systematic and Meta-Analytic Approach / Cory SZAKAL in Autism Research, 19-4 (April 2026)  

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More than maths and mindreading: Sex differences in empathizing/systemizing covariance / Jeffrey M. VALLA in Autism Research, 3-4 (August 2010)  

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Network-specific sex differentiation of intrinsic brain function in males with autism / Dorothea L. FLORIS in Molecular Autism, 9 (2018)  

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No relationship between prenatal androgen exposure and autistic traits: convergent evidence from studies of children with congenital adrenal hyperplasia and of amniotic testosterone concentrations in typically developing children / Karson T.F. KUNG in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 57-12 (December 2016)  

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