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Brief Report: Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Comprehensive Survey of Randomized Controlled Trials / S. TROMANS in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 48-9 (September 2018)
[article]
Titre : Brief Report: Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Comprehensive Survey of Randomized Controlled Trials Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : S. TROMANS, Auteur ; C. ADAMS, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.3228-3232 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Asd Autism Autistic Randomized Survey Trials Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials to provide an overview of evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of therapeutic interventions for autism spectrum disorders. From the final survey (529 RCTs), the mean size was 49 participants (standard deviation 50, range 1-479, median 36, mode 40), with a sharp increase in the number of RCTs from 2008. The most frequently evaluated intervention was antipsychotic treatment (n = 44, 3006 participants). The journal with the most RCTs was the Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders (N = 104). Most trials were small in size, emphasising the need for research groups to collaborate to generate higher quality data with greater applicability to clinical practice. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-018-3569-y Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=368
in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 48-9 (September 2018) . - p.3228-3232[article] Brief Report: Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Comprehensive Survey of Randomized Controlled Trials [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / S. TROMANS, Auteur ; C. ADAMS, Auteur . - p.3228-3232.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 48-9 (September 2018) . - p.3228-3232
Mots-clés : Asd Autism Autistic Randomized Survey Trials Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials to provide an overview of evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of therapeutic interventions for autism spectrum disorders. From the final survey (529 RCTs), the mean size was 49 participants (standard deviation 50, range 1-479, median 36, mode 40), with a sharp increase in the number of RCTs from 2008. The most frequently evaluated intervention was antipsychotic treatment (n = 44, 3006 participants). The journal with the most RCTs was the Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders (N = 104). Most trials were small in size, emphasising the need for research groups to collaborate to generate higher quality data with greater applicability to clinical practice. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-018-3569-y Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=368 Placebo response in pharmacological and dietary supplement trials of autism spectrum disorder (ASD): systematic review and meta-regression analysis / Spyridon SIAFIS in Molecular Autism, 11 (2020)
[article]
Titre : Placebo response in pharmacological and dietary supplement trials of autism spectrum disorder (ASD): systematic review and meta-regression analysis Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Spyridon SIAFIS, Auteur ; O?ulcan ÇIRAY, Auteur ; Johannes SCHNEIDER-THOMA, Auteur ; Irene BIGHELLI, Auteur ; Marc KRAUSE, Auteur ; Alessandro RODOLICO, Auteur ; Anna CERASO, Auteur ; Giacomo DESTE, Auteur ; Maximilian HUHN, Auteur ; David FRAGUAS, Auteur ; Dimitris MAVRIDIS, Auteur ; Tony CHARMAN, Auteur ; Declan G. MURPHY, Auteur ; Mara PARELLADA, Auteur ; Celso ARANGO, Auteur ; Stefan LEUCHT, Auteur Article en page(s) : 66 p. Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder Placebo Trials and/or for lectures from LB Pharma, Otsuka, Lundbeck, Boehringer Ingelheim, LTS Lohmann, Janssen, Johnson&Johnson, TEVA, MSD, Sandoz, SanofiAventis, Angelini, Recordati, Sunovion, and Geodon Richter. David Fraguas has been a consultant and/or has received fees from Angelini, Eisai, IE4Lab, Janssen, Lundbeck, and Otsuka. He has also received grant support from Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities) and from Fundación Alicia Koplowitz. Mara Parellada has received educational honoraria from Otsuka, research grants from FAK and Fundación Mutua Madrileña (FMM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities) and European ERANET and H2020 calls, travel grants from Otsuka and Janssen. Consultant for Exeltis and Servier. Celso Arango has been a consultant to or has received honoraria or grants from Acadia, Angelini, Gedeon Richter, Janssen Cilag, Lundbeck, Otsuka, Roche, Sage, Sanofi, Servier, Shire, Schering Plough, Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma, Sunovion and Takeda. In the last 3 years, Maximilian Huhn has received speakers honoraria from Janssen. Declan Murphy has received consulting fees from Roche. The other authors have nothing to disclose. Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Placebo response in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) might dilute drug-placebo differences and hinder drug development. Therefore, this meta-analysis investigated placebo response in core symptoms. METHODS: We searched ClinicalTrials.gov , CENTRAL, EMBASE, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, WHO-ICTRP (up to July 8, 2018), and PubMed (up to July 4, 2019) for randomized pharmacological and dietary supplement placebo-controlled trials (RCTs) with a minimum of seven days of treatment. Single-group meta-analyses were conducted using a random-effects model. Standardized mean changes (SMC) of core symptoms in placebo arms were the primary outcomes and placebo positive response rates were a secondary outcome. Predictors of placebo response were investigated with meta-regression analyses. The protocol was registered with PROSPERO ID CRD42019125317 . RESULTS: Eighty-six RCTs with 2360 participants on placebo were included in our analysis (87% in children/adolescents). The majority of trials were small, single-center with a duration of 8-12 weeks and published after 2009. Placebo response in social-communication difficulties was SMC = -?0.32, 95% CI [-?0.39, -?0.25], in repetitive behaviors -?0.23[-?0.32, -?0.15] and in scales measuring overall core symptoms -?0.36 [-?0.46, -?0.26]. Overall, 19%, 95% CI [16-22%] of participants were at least much improved with placebo. Caregiver (vs. clinician) ratings, lower risk of bias, flexible-dosing, larger sample sizes and number of sites, less recent publication year, baseline levels of irritability, and the use of a threshold of core symptoms at inclusion were associated with larger placebo response in at least a core symptom domain. LIMITATIONS: About 40% of the trials had an apparent focus on core symptoms. Investigation of the differential impact of predictors on placebo and drug response was impeded by the use of diverse experimental interventions with essentially different mechanisms of action. An individual-participant-data meta-analysis could allow for a more fine-grained analysis and provide more informative answers. CONCLUSIONS: Placebo response in ASD was substantial and predicted by design- and participant-related factors, which could inform the design of future trials in order to improve the detection of efficacy in core symptoms. Potential solutions could be the minimization and careful selection of study sites as well as rigorous participant enrollment and the use of measurements of change not solely dependent on caregivers. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-020-00372-z Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=433
in Molecular Autism > 11 (2020) . - 66 p.[article] Placebo response in pharmacological and dietary supplement trials of autism spectrum disorder (ASD): systematic review and meta-regression analysis [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Spyridon SIAFIS, Auteur ; O?ulcan ÇIRAY, Auteur ; Johannes SCHNEIDER-THOMA, Auteur ; Irene BIGHELLI, Auteur ; Marc KRAUSE, Auteur ; Alessandro RODOLICO, Auteur ; Anna CERASO, Auteur ; Giacomo DESTE, Auteur ; Maximilian HUHN, Auteur ; David FRAGUAS, Auteur ; Dimitris MAVRIDIS, Auteur ; Tony CHARMAN, Auteur ; Declan G. MURPHY, Auteur ; Mara PARELLADA, Auteur ; Celso ARANGO, Auteur ; Stefan LEUCHT, Auteur . - 66 p.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Molecular Autism > 11 (2020) . - 66 p.
Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder Placebo Trials and/or for lectures from LB Pharma, Otsuka, Lundbeck, Boehringer Ingelheim, LTS Lohmann, Janssen, Johnson&Johnson, TEVA, MSD, Sandoz, SanofiAventis, Angelini, Recordati, Sunovion, and Geodon Richter. David Fraguas has been a consultant and/or has received fees from Angelini, Eisai, IE4Lab, Janssen, Lundbeck, and Otsuka. He has also received grant support from Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities) and from Fundación Alicia Koplowitz. Mara Parellada has received educational honoraria from Otsuka, research grants from FAK and Fundación Mutua Madrileña (FMM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities) and European ERANET and H2020 calls, travel grants from Otsuka and Janssen. Consultant for Exeltis and Servier. Celso Arango has been a consultant to or has received honoraria or grants from Acadia, Angelini, Gedeon Richter, Janssen Cilag, Lundbeck, Otsuka, Roche, Sage, Sanofi, Servier, Shire, Schering Plough, Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma, Sunovion and Takeda. In the last 3 years, Maximilian Huhn has received speakers honoraria from Janssen. Declan Murphy has received consulting fees from Roche. The other authors have nothing to disclose. Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Placebo response in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) might dilute drug-placebo differences and hinder drug development. Therefore, this meta-analysis investigated placebo response in core symptoms. METHODS: We searched ClinicalTrials.gov , CENTRAL, EMBASE, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, WHO-ICTRP (up to July 8, 2018), and PubMed (up to July 4, 2019) for randomized pharmacological and dietary supplement placebo-controlled trials (RCTs) with a minimum of seven days of treatment. Single-group meta-analyses were conducted using a random-effects model. Standardized mean changes (SMC) of core symptoms in placebo arms were the primary outcomes and placebo positive response rates were a secondary outcome. Predictors of placebo response were investigated with meta-regression analyses. The protocol was registered with PROSPERO ID CRD42019125317 . RESULTS: Eighty-six RCTs with 2360 participants on placebo were included in our analysis (87% in children/adolescents). The majority of trials were small, single-center with a duration of 8-12 weeks and published after 2009. Placebo response in social-communication difficulties was SMC = -?0.32, 95% CI [-?0.39, -?0.25], in repetitive behaviors -?0.23[-?0.32, -?0.15] and in scales measuring overall core symptoms -?0.36 [-?0.46, -?0.26]. Overall, 19%, 95% CI [16-22%] of participants were at least much improved with placebo. Caregiver (vs. clinician) ratings, lower risk of bias, flexible-dosing, larger sample sizes and number of sites, less recent publication year, baseline levels of irritability, and the use of a threshold of core symptoms at inclusion were associated with larger placebo response in at least a core symptom domain. LIMITATIONS: About 40% of the trials had an apparent focus on core symptoms. Investigation of the differential impact of predictors on placebo and drug response was impeded by the use of diverse experimental interventions with essentially different mechanisms of action. An individual-participant-data meta-analysis could allow for a more fine-grained analysis and provide more informative answers. CONCLUSIONS: Placebo response in ASD was substantial and predicted by design- and participant-related factors, which could inform the design of future trials in order to improve the detection of efficacy in core symptoms. Potential solutions could be the minimization and careful selection of study sites as well as rigorous participant enrollment and the use of measurements of change not solely dependent on caregivers. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-020-00372-z Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=433 What are we targeting when we treat autism spectrum disorder? A systematic review of 406 clinical trials / Umberto PROVENZANI in Autism, 24-2 (February 2020)
[article]
Titre : What are we targeting when we treat autism spectrum disorder? A systematic review of 406 clinical trials Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Umberto PROVENZANI, Auteur ; Laura FUSAR-POLI, Auteur ; Natascia BRONDINO, Auteur ; Stefano DAMIANI, Auteur ; Marco VERCESI, Auteur ; Nicholas MEYER, Auteur ; Matteo ROCCHETTI, Auteur ; Pierluigi POLITI, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.274-284 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder core symptoms outcome measures systematic review trials Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The number of trials aimed at evaluating treatments for autism spectrum disorder has been increasing progressively. However, it is not clear which outcome measures should be used to assess their efficacy, especially for treatments which target core symptoms. The present review aimed to provide a comprehensive overview regarding the outcome measures used in clinical trials for people with autism spectrum disorder. We systematically searched the Web of Knowledge(SM) database between 1980 and 2016 to identify published controlled trials investigating the efficacy of interventions in autism spectrum disorder. We included 406 trials in the final database, from which a total of 327 outcome measures were identified. Only seven scales were used in more than 5% of the studies, among which only three measured core symptoms (Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule, Childhood Autism Rating Scale, and Social Responsiveness Scale). Of note, 69% of the tools were used in the literature only once. Our systematic review has shown that the evaluation of efficacy in intervention trials for autism spectrum disorder relies on heterogeneous and often non-specific tools for this condition. The fragmentation of tools may significantly hamper the comparisons between studies and thus the discovery of effective treatments for autism spectrum disorder. Greater consensus regarding the choice of these measures should be reached. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361319854641 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=415
in Autism > 24-2 (February 2020) . - p.274-284[article] What are we targeting when we treat autism spectrum disorder? A systematic review of 406 clinical trials [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Umberto PROVENZANI, Auteur ; Laura FUSAR-POLI, Auteur ; Natascia BRONDINO, Auteur ; Stefano DAMIANI, Auteur ; Marco VERCESI, Auteur ; Nicholas MEYER, Auteur ; Matteo ROCCHETTI, Auteur ; Pierluigi POLITI, Auteur . - p.274-284.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Autism > 24-2 (February 2020) . - p.274-284
Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder core symptoms outcome measures systematic review trials Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The number of trials aimed at evaluating treatments for autism spectrum disorder has been increasing progressively. However, it is not clear which outcome measures should be used to assess their efficacy, especially for treatments which target core symptoms. The present review aimed to provide a comprehensive overview regarding the outcome measures used in clinical trials for people with autism spectrum disorder. We systematically searched the Web of Knowledge(SM) database between 1980 and 2016 to identify published controlled trials investigating the efficacy of interventions in autism spectrum disorder. We included 406 trials in the final database, from which a total of 327 outcome measures were identified. Only seven scales were used in more than 5% of the studies, among which only three measured core symptoms (Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule, Childhood Autism Rating Scale, and Social Responsiveness Scale). Of note, 69% of the tools were used in the literature only once. Our systematic review has shown that the evaluation of efficacy in intervention trials for autism spectrum disorder relies on heterogeneous and often non-specific tools for this condition. The fragmentation of tools may significantly hamper the comparisons between studies and thus the discovery of effective treatments for autism spectrum disorder. Greater consensus regarding the choice of these measures should be reached. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361319854641 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=415 Psychotropic Medications in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Systematic Review and Synthesis for Evidence-Based Practice / Matthew SIEGEL in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 42-8 (August 2012)
[article]
Titre : Psychotropic Medications in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Systematic Review and Synthesis for Evidence-Based Practice Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Matthew SIEGEL, Auteur ; Amy A. BEAULIEU, Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : p.1592-1605 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism Evidence base Pharmacology Review Trials Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This paper presents a systematic review, rating and synthesis of the empirical evidence for the use of psychotropic medications in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Thirty-three randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published in peer-reviewed journals qualified for inclusion and were coded and analyzed using a systematic evaluative method specific to autism research (Reichow et al. in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 38:1311–1319, 2008). Results are presented by agent and primary target symptom(s). The findings suggest established evidence for relatively few agents, with preliminary and promising evidence for a larger group. Challenges and opportunities in the developing field of ASD psychopharmacology are identified, and recommendations for further research are provided. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-011-1399-2 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=178
in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 42-8 (August 2012) . - p.1592-1605[article] Psychotropic Medications in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Systematic Review and Synthesis for Evidence-Based Practice [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Matthew SIEGEL, Auteur ; Amy A. BEAULIEU, Auteur . - 2012 . - p.1592-1605.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 42-8 (August 2012) . - p.1592-1605
Mots-clés : Autism Evidence base Pharmacology Review Trials Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This paper presents a systematic review, rating and synthesis of the empirical evidence for the use of psychotropic medications in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Thirty-three randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published in peer-reviewed journals qualified for inclusion and were coded and analyzed using a systematic evaluative method specific to autism research (Reichow et al. in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 38:1311–1319, 2008). Results are presented by agent and primary target symptom(s). The findings suggest established evidence for relatively few agents, with preliminary and promising evidence for a larger group. Challenges and opportunities in the developing field of ASD psychopharmacology are identified, and recommendations for further research are provided. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-011-1399-2 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=178 Utility of the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule and the Brief Observation of Social and Communication Change for Measuring Outcomes for a Parent-Mediated Early Autism Intervention / Sophie CARRUTHERS in Autism Research, 14-2 (February 2021)
[article]
Titre : Utility of the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule and the Brief Observation of Social and Communication Change for Measuring Outcomes for a Parent-Mediated Early Autism Intervention Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Sophie CARRUTHERS, Auteur ; Tony CHARMAN, Auteur ; Nicole EL HAWI, Auteur ; Young Ah KIM, Auteur ; Rachel RANDLE, Auteur ; Catherine LORD, Auteur ; Andrew PICKLES, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.411-425 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule Brief Observation of Social Communication Change autism spectrum disorder intervention outcome measures trials Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Measuring outcomes for autistic children following social communication interventions is an ongoing challenge given the heterogeneous changes, which can be subtle. We tested and compared the overall and item-level intervention effects of the Brief Observation of Social Communication Change (BOSCC), Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS-2) algorithm, and ADOS-2 Calibrated Severity Scores (CSS) with autistic children aged 2-5?years from the Preschool Autism Communication Trial (PACT). The BOSCC was applied to Module 1 ADOS assessments (ADOS-BOSCC). Among the 117 children using single or no words (Module 1), the ADOS-BOSCC, ADOS algorithm, and ADOS CSS each detected small non-significant intervention effects. However, on the ADOS algorithm, there was a medium significant intervention effect for children with "few to no words" at baseline, while children with "some words" showed little intervention effect. For the full PACT sample (including ADOS Module 2, total n=152), ADOS metrics evidenced significant small (CSS) and medium (algorithm) overall intervention effects. None of the Module 1 item-level intervention effects reached significance, with largest changes observed for Gesture (ADOS-BOSCC and ADOS), Facial Expressions (ADOS), and Intonation (ADOS). Significant ADOS Module 2 item-level effects were observed for Mannerisms and Repetitive Interests and Stereotyped Behaviors. Despite strong psychometric properties, the ADOS-BOSCC was not more sensitive to behavioral changes than the ADOS among Module 1 children. Our results suggest the ADOS can be a sensitive outcome measure. Item-level intervention effect plots have the potential to indicate intervention "signatures of change," a concept that may be useful in future trials and systematic reviews. LAY SUMMARY: This study compares two outcome measures in a parent-mediated therapy. Neither was clearly better or worse than the other; however, the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule produced somewhat clearer evidence than the Brief Observation of Social Communication Change of improvement among children who had use of "few to no" words at the start. We explore which particular behaviors are associated with greater improvement. These findings can inform researchers when they consider how best to explore the impact of their intervention. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2449 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=441
in Autism Research > 14-2 (February 2021) . - p.411-425[article] Utility of the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule and the Brief Observation of Social and Communication Change for Measuring Outcomes for a Parent-Mediated Early Autism Intervention [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Sophie CARRUTHERS, Auteur ; Tony CHARMAN, Auteur ; Nicole EL HAWI, Auteur ; Young Ah KIM, Auteur ; Rachel RANDLE, Auteur ; Catherine LORD, Auteur ; Andrew PICKLES, Auteur . - p.411-425.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Autism Research > 14-2 (February 2021) . - p.411-425
Mots-clés : Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule Brief Observation of Social Communication Change autism spectrum disorder intervention outcome measures trials Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Measuring outcomes for autistic children following social communication interventions is an ongoing challenge given the heterogeneous changes, which can be subtle. We tested and compared the overall and item-level intervention effects of the Brief Observation of Social Communication Change (BOSCC), Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS-2) algorithm, and ADOS-2 Calibrated Severity Scores (CSS) with autistic children aged 2-5?years from the Preschool Autism Communication Trial (PACT). The BOSCC was applied to Module 1 ADOS assessments (ADOS-BOSCC). Among the 117 children using single or no words (Module 1), the ADOS-BOSCC, ADOS algorithm, and ADOS CSS each detected small non-significant intervention effects. However, on the ADOS algorithm, there was a medium significant intervention effect for children with "few to no words" at baseline, while children with "some words" showed little intervention effect. For the full PACT sample (including ADOS Module 2, total n=152), ADOS metrics evidenced significant small (CSS) and medium (algorithm) overall intervention effects. None of the Module 1 item-level intervention effects reached significance, with largest changes observed for Gesture (ADOS-BOSCC and ADOS), Facial Expressions (ADOS), and Intonation (ADOS). Significant ADOS Module 2 item-level effects were observed for Mannerisms and Repetitive Interests and Stereotyped Behaviors. Despite strong psychometric properties, the ADOS-BOSCC was not more sensitive to behavioral changes than the ADOS among Module 1 children. Our results suggest the ADOS can be a sensitive outcome measure. Item-level intervention effect plots have the potential to indicate intervention "signatures of change," a concept that may be useful in future trials and systematic reviews. LAY SUMMARY: This study compares two outcome measures in a parent-mediated therapy. Neither was clearly better or worse than the other; however, the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule produced somewhat clearer evidence than the Brief Observation of Social Communication Change of improvement among children who had use of "few to no" words at the start. We explore which particular behaviors are associated with greater improvement. These findings can inform researchers when they consider how best to explore the impact of their intervention. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2449 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=441