Development of a gaze contingent method for auditory threshold evaluation in non-verbal ASD children / Brian SULLIVAN in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 62 (June 2019)  

Public ISBD [article]  inResearch in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 62 (June 2019) . - p.85-98 Titre : Development of a gaze contingent method for auditory threshold evaluation in non-verbal ASD children Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Brian SULLIVAN, Auteur ; C. Ellie WILSON, Auteur ; David SALDANA, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.85-98 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Children  Audition  Non-verbal  Eye tracking  Gaze contingent  Perceptual threshold Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Minimally verbal children with autistic spectrum disorder (ASD) make up an estimated third of the ASD population (Downs et al., 2005), but have been understudied due to difficulties in running experiments with such participants. We sought to develop an instrument to evaluate auditory perception, with the goal of testing both typically developing (TD) and ASD children, including minimally verbal ASD. Audio difference thresholds are typically measured by an audiologist using visual reinforcement audiometry (VRA) techniques, but this requires a trained clinician. Alternatively, mismatch negativity (MMN) via an electroencephalogram can provide an objective threshold measure and the participant can passively attend to stimuli. However, EEG equipment is expensive, and the procedure can be uncomfortable and difficult with anxious or touch sensitive participants. Method We developed a testing software for estimating auditory thresholds in children using a gaze contingent ‘game’. Our open source software uses an eye tracker, Matlab and child-oriented stimuli to automate aspects of VRA. Initial results suggest that audio thresholds can be obtained using our affordable non-invasive system, operated with minimal training, but refinement is necessary. Results Our method can obtain thresholds for most typical children, but data collection in young ASD children proved more challenging, yielding poor results, and will require further development to make the game more accessible. While promising, these results need to be corroborated with an alternate measure of difference threshold. Conclusion We document our efforts to design an effective interactive game to assess auditory perception using gaze-contingent eye-tracking methods; and provide case level insights on the testing individual participants and the heterogeneous ability and performance levels within ASD. We discuss the challenges experienced in testing and eye tracking both typical and ASD children to inform clinical and research groups to advance this promising line of research. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2019.02.006 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=389 [article] Development of a gaze contingent method for auditory threshold evaluation in non-verbal ASD children [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Brian SULLIVAN, Auteur ; C. Ellie WILSON, Auteur ; David SALDANA, Auteur . - p.85-98. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 62 (June 2019) . - p.85-98 Mots-clés : Children  Audition  Non-verbal  Eye tracking  Gaze contingent  Perceptual threshold Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Minimally verbal children with autistic spectrum disorder (ASD) make up an estimated third of the ASD population (Downs et al., 2005), but have been understudied due to difficulties in running experiments with such participants. We sought to develop an instrument to evaluate auditory perception, with the goal of testing both typically developing (TD) and ASD children, including minimally verbal ASD. Audio difference thresholds are typically measured by an audiologist using visual reinforcement audiometry (VRA) techniques, but this requires a trained clinician. Alternatively, mismatch negativity (MMN) via an electroencephalogram can provide an objective threshold measure and the participant can passively attend to stimuli. However, EEG equipment is expensive, and the procedure can be uncomfortable and difficult with anxious or touch sensitive participants. Method We developed a testing software for estimating auditory thresholds in children using a gaze contingent ‘game’. Our open source software uses an eye tracker, Matlab and child-oriented stimuli to automate aspects of VRA. Initial results suggest that audio thresholds can be obtained using our affordable non-invasive system, operated with minimal training, but refinement is necessary. Results Our method can obtain thresholds for most typical children, but data collection in young ASD children proved more challenging, yielding poor results, and will require further development to make the game more accessible. While promising, these results need to be corroborated with an alternate measure of difference threshold. Conclusion We document our efforts to design an effective interactive game to assess auditory perception using gaze-contingent eye-tracking methods; and provide case level insights on the testing individual participants and the heterogeneous ability and performance levels within ASD. We discuss the challenges experienced in testing and eye tracking both typical and ASD children to inform clinical and research groups to advance this promising line of research. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2019.02.006 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=389

Impaired P1 Habituation and Mismatch Negativity in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder / Francisco J. RUIZ-MARTINEZ in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 50-2 (February 2020)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 50-2 (February 2020) . - p.603-616 Titre : Impaired P1 Habituation and Mismatch Negativity in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Francisco J. RUIZ-MARTINEZ, Auteur ; Elena I. RODRIGUEZ-MARTINEZ, Auteur ; C. Ellie WILSON, Auteur ; Shu YAU, Auteur ; David SALDANA, Auteur ; Carlos M. GOMEZ, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.603-616 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Auditory P1  Autism  Habituation  Mismatch negativity  Sensory perception Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Passive testing of auditory function is an important objective in individuals with ASD due to known difficulties in understanding and/or following task instructions. In present study the habituation to standard tones following deviants and the auditory discriminative processes were examined in two conditions: electronic and human sounds, in a sample of 16 ASD children. ASD children presented a reduced habituation in the P1 component and a decrease in the amplitude of the mismatch negativity indicating a lower auditory discrimination with respect to controls. MMN amplitude was related to sensory sensitivity. Results suggest an increased activation to repeatedly auditory stimulus and a poor auditory discrimination, for both: electronic and human sounds with consequences on the impaired sensory behavior of ASD subjects. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-019-04299-0 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=416 [article] Impaired P1 Habituation and Mismatch Negativity in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Francisco J. RUIZ-MARTINEZ, Auteur ; Elena I. RODRIGUEZ-MARTINEZ, Auteur ; C. Ellie WILSON, Auteur ; Shu YAU, Auteur ; David SALDANA, Auteur ; Carlos M. GOMEZ, Auteur . - p.603-616. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 50-2 (February 2020) . - p.603-616 Mots-clés : Auditory P1  Autism  Habituation  Mismatch negativity  Sensory perception Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Passive testing of auditory function is an important objective in individuals with ASD due to known difficulties in understanding and/or following task instructions. In present study the habituation to standard tones following deviants and the auditory discriminative processes were examined in two conditions: electronic and human sounds, in a sample of 16 ASD children. ASD children presented a reduced habituation in the P1 component and a decrease in the amplitude of the mismatch negativity indicating a lower auditory discrimination with respect to controls. MMN amplitude was related to sensory sensitivity. Results suggest an increased activation to repeatedly auditory stimulus and a poor auditory discrimination, for both: electronic and human sounds with consequences on the impaired sensory behavior of ASD subjects. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-019-04299-0 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=416

Objective and subjective quality of life in adults with autism spectrum disorders in southern Spain / David SALDANA in Autism, 13-3 (May 2009)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 13-3 (May 2009) . - p.303-316 Titre : Objective and subjective quality of life in adults with autism spectrum disorders in southern Spain Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : David SALDANA, Auteur ; Rosa M. ALVAREZ, Auteur ; Silvia LOBATON, Auteur ; Ana M. LOPEZ, Auteur ; Macarena MORENO, Auteur ; Miguel ROJANO, Auteur Année de publication : 2009 Article en page(s) : p.303-316 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : adults ASD quality-of-life Spain Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Subjective and objective measures of quality of life (QoL) were obtained for adults with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) living in Andalusia (Spain). Seventy-four families responded to questionnaires about objective QoL indicators such as employment, health, adaptive behaviour and social network, and were asked to act as proxies for subjective QoL measures. Outcome on objective QoL was extremely poor. Social networks were most frequently composed of family members. Community-oriented resources were absent in most cases. For two-thirds of the families, the ability to act as proxies for subjective QoL was seriously limited by the participants' poor social and communicative abilities. The results are indicative of the need for additional support to families of adults with ASD and increased community-based resources. Further conceptualization of indicators and measurement of subjective QoL in individuals with severe disabilities and ASD is also needed in order to include their own perspective in the evaluation of service provision. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361309103792 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=728 [article] Objective and subjective quality of life in adults with autism spectrum disorders in southern Spain [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / David SALDANA, Auteur ; Rosa M. ALVAREZ, Auteur ; Silvia LOBATON, Auteur ; Ana M. LOPEZ, Auteur ; Macarena MORENO, Auteur ; Miguel ROJANO, Auteur . - 2009 . - p.303-316. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 13-3 (May 2009) . - p.303-316 Mots-clés : adults ASD quality-of-life Spain Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Subjective and objective measures of quality of life (QoL) were obtained for adults with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) living in Andalusia (Spain). Seventy-four families responded to questionnaires about objective QoL indicators such as employment, health, adaptive behaviour and social network, and were asked to act as proxies for subjective QoL measures. Outcome on objective QoL was extremely poor. Social networks were most frequently composed of family members. Community-oriented resources were absent in most cases. For two-thirds of the families, the ability to act as proxies for subjective QoL was seriously limited by the participants' poor social and communicative abilities. The results are indicative of the need for additional support to families of adults with ASD and increased community-based resources. Further conceptualization of indicators and measurement of subjective QoL in individuals with severe disabilities and ASD is also needed in order to include their own perspective in the evaluation of service provision. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361309103792 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=728

Performance of Children with Autism on the Embedded Figures Test: A Closer Look at a Popular Task / Sarah J. WHITE in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 41-11 (November 2011)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 41-11 (November 2011) . - p.1565-1572 Titre : Performance of Children with Autism on the Embedded Figures Test: A Closer Look at a Popular Task Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Sarah J. WHITE, Auteur ; David SALDANA, Auteur Année de publication : 2011 Article en page(s) : p.1565-1572 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorders  Central coherence  Local bias  Embedded figures  Inconsistent results  Cognitive heterogeneity Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The Embedded Figures Test assesses weak central coherence and individuals with autism are commonly assumed to perform superiorly; however, the evidence for this claim is somewhat mixed. Here, two large (N = 45 and 62) samples of high-functioning children (6–16 years) with autism spectrum disorder performed similarly to typically-developing children on accuracy and reaction time measures; this could not be attributed to insufficient power. Inconsistent past findings are most likely due to methodological and analysis techniques, as well as heterogeneity in central coherence within autism spectrum disorders. While this task has been useful in establishing weak central coherence as a cognitive theory in autism, inconsistent past findings and its inability to disentangle global and local processing suggest that it should be used with caution in the future. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-011-1182-4 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=147 [article] Performance of Children with Autism on the Embedded Figures Test: A Closer Look at a Popular Task [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Sarah J. WHITE, Auteur ; David SALDANA, Auteur . - 2011 . - p.1565-1572. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 41-11 (November 2011) . - p.1565-1572 Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorders  Central coherence  Local bias  Embedded figures  Inconsistent results  Cognitive heterogeneity Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The Embedded Figures Test assesses weak central coherence and individuals with autism are commonly assumed to perform superiorly; however, the evidence for this claim is somewhat mixed. Here, two large (N = 45 and 62) samples of high-functioning children (6–16 years) with autism spectrum disorder performed similarly to typically-developing children on accuracy and reaction time measures; this could not be attributed to insufficient power. Inconsistent past findings are most likely due to methodological and analysis techniques, as well as heterogeneity in central coherence within autism spectrum disorders. While this task has been useful in establishing weak central coherence as a cognitive theory in autism, inconsistent past findings and its inability to disentangle global and local processing suggest that it should be used with caution in the future. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-011-1182-4 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=147

Readers with Autism Can Produce Inferences, but they Cannot Answer Inferential Questions / Maria J. TIRADO in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 46-3 (March 2016)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 46-3 (March 2016) . - p.1025-1037 Titre : Readers with Autism Can Produce Inferences, but they Cannot Answer Inferential Questions Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Maria J. TIRADO, Auteur ; David SALDANA, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1025-1037 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism  Inferences  Poor comprehension  Reading comprehension Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Readers with autism (ASD), poor comprehension (PC), and typical development (TD) took part in three reading experiments requiring the production of inferences. In Experiments 1 and 2 reading times for target phrases—placed immediately after text implicitly indicating the emotion of a protagonist or after a number of filler sentences, respectively—were used as measures of inferencing. In Experiment 3, participants were explicitly asked to identify the protagonist’s emotion. There were no significant differences among groups in Experiment 1. Compared to TD readers, the PC group performed poorly in Experiments 2 and 3. ASD readers performed worse than PC participants only in the explicit-question task. Although ASD readers can produce inferences, they respond to questions about them with difficulty. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-015-2648-6 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=281 [article] Readers with Autism Can Produce Inferences, but they Cannot Answer Inferential Questions [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Maria J. TIRADO, Auteur ; David SALDANA, Auteur . - p.1025-1037. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 46-3 (March 2016) . - p.1025-1037 Mots-clés : Autism  Inferences  Poor comprehension  Reading comprehension Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Readers with autism (ASD), poor comprehension (PC), and typical development (TD) took part in three reading experiments requiring the production of inferences. In Experiments 1 and 2 reading times for target phrases—placed immediately after text implicitly indicating the emotion of a protagonist or after a number of filler sentences, respectively—were used as measures of inferencing. In Experiment 3, participants were explicitly asked to identify the protagonist’s emotion. There were no significant differences among groups in Experiment 1. Compared to TD readers, the PC group performed poorly in Experiments 2 and 3. ASD readers performed worse than PC participants only in the explicit-question task. Although ASD readers can produce inferences, they respond to questions about them with difficulty. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-015-2648-6 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=281

Reading Goals and Executive Function in Autism: An Eye-Tracking Study / Martina MICAI in Autism Research, 14-5 (May 2021)  

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Strategies of readers with autism when responding to inferential questions: An eye-movement study / Martina MICAI in Autism Research, 10-5 (May 2017)  

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Support, Inclusion, and Special Education Teachers’ Attitudes toward the Education of Students with Autism Spectrum Disorders / Isabel R. RODRIGUEZ in Autism Research and Treatment, (December 2011)  

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