Alexithymic and autistic traits: Relevance for comorbid depression and social phobia in adults with and without autism spectrum disorder / Laura ALBANTAKIS in Autism, 24-8 (November 2020)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 24-8 (November 2020) . - p.2046-2056 Titre : Alexithymic and autistic traits: Relevance for comorbid depression and social phobia in adults with and without autism spectrum disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Laura ALBANTAKIS, Auteur ; Marie-Luise BRANDI, Auteur ; Imme Christina ZILLEKENS, Auteur ; Lara HENCO, Auteur ; Leonie WEINDEL, Auteur ; Hanna THALER, Auteur ; Lena SCHLIEPHAKE, Auteur ; Bert TIMMERMANS, Auteur ; Leonhard SCHILBACH, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.2046-2056 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : *adults  *alexithymia  *autism spectrum disorder  *depression  *psychiatric comorbidity  *social phobia Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Adults with autism often develop mental health problems such as depression and social phobia. The reasons for this are still unclear. Many studies found that alexithymia plays an important role in mental health problems like depression. People with alexithymia have difficulties identifying and describing their emotions. Almost every second person with autism has alexithymia. Therefore, we explored in this study whether alexithymia is linked to worse mental health in autistic people. We looked at two common diagnoses, depression and social phobia. We found that alexithymia increased symptoms of depression, while autistic traits increased symptoms of social phobia. Our results suggest that alexithymia and autistic traits can increase the risk of mental health problems. An early assessment could help prevent mental health problems and improve quality of life. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361320936024 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=431 [article] Alexithymic and autistic traits: Relevance for comorbid depression and social phobia in adults with and without autism spectrum disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Laura ALBANTAKIS, Auteur ; Marie-Luise BRANDI, Auteur ; Imme Christina ZILLEKENS, Auteur ; Lara HENCO, Auteur ; Leonie WEINDEL, Auteur ; Hanna THALER, Auteur ; Lena SCHLIEPHAKE, Auteur ; Bert TIMMERMANS, Auteur ; Leonhard SCHILBACH, Auteur . - p.2046-2056. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 24-8 (November 2020) . - p.2046-2056 Mots-clés : *adults  *alexithymia  *autism spectrum disorder  *depression  *psychiatric comorbidity  *social phobia Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Adults with autism often develop mental health problems such as depression and social phobia. The reasons for this are still unclear. Many studies found that alexithymia plays an important role in mental health problems like depression. People with alexithymia have difficulties identifying and describing their emotions. Almost every second person with autism has alexithymia. Therefore, we explored in this study whether alexithymia is linked to worse mental health in autistic people. We looked at two common diagnoses, depression and social phobia. We found that alexithymia increased symptoms of depression, while autistic traits increased symptoms of social phobia. Our results suggest that alexithymia and autistic traits can increase the risk of mental health problems. An early assessment could help prevent mental health problems and improve quality of life. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361320936024 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=431

Autistic adults show enhanced generosity to socially distant others / Paul AG FORBES in Autism, 28-4 (April 2024)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 28-4 (April 2024) . - p.999-1009 Titre : Autistic adults show enhanced generosity to socially distant others Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Paul AG FORBES, Auteur ; Irini CHALIANI, Auteur ; Leonhard SCHILBACH, Auteur ; Tobias KALENSCHER, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.999-1009 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : decision-making,framing effect,prosocial behaviour,psychological theories of autism,social discounting,social distance Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Sharing resources is fundamental for human cooperation and survival. People tend to share resources more with individuals they feel close to compared to those who are more socially distant. This decline in generosity at increasing social distance is called social discounting and is influenced by both social traits and abilities, such as empathy, and non-social psychological factors, such as decision-making biases. People who receive a diagnosis of autism show differences in social interaction as well as displaying differences in non-social domains, such as more restricted and repetitive behaviours. We investigated social discounting in autism and found that autistic adults were more generous than neurotypical participants, which was driven by greater generosity to socially distant others. Crucially, we also investigated framing effects during prosocial decision-making. Autistic participants were less susceptible to whether decisions were framed as causing monetary gains, compared to preventing monetary losses, for the potential recipient. Our results support the view of 'enhanced rationality' in autism as participants' prosocial decisions were less influenced by potential biasing information, such as the closeness of the recipient or how choices were framed. Therefore, the differences seen in autism, as well as posing certain challenges, can also have prosocial consequences. Lay abstract Autistic people show differences in their social behaviour. But how autism affects decisions to share resources, an important part of cooperation, was previously unclear. In our study, participants made decisions about how to share money with different people, including people they felt close to, such as a friend, and people they felt less close to, such as a stranger. We found that compared to a group of non-autistic participants, autistic adults shared more money overall and this was driven by greater generosity to strangers. The results suggest that autistic adults were more generous because they made fair decisions (an equal split of the money) more consistently regardless of how close they felt to the person they were sharing with. By showing that autistic adults display greater generosity, our results could help to change public perceptions of autism and potentially improve opportunities for autistic people. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613231190674 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=525 [article] Autistic adults show enhanced generosity to socially distant others [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Paul AG FORBES, Auteur ; Irini CHALIANI, Auteur ; Leonhard SCHILBACH, Auteur ; Tobias KALENSCHER, Auteur . - p.999-1009. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 28-4 (April 2024) . - p.999-1009 Mots-clés : decision-making,framing effect,prosocial behaviour,psychological theories of autism,social discounting,social distance Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Sharing resources is fundamental for human cooperation and survival. People tend to share resources more with individuals they feel close to compared to those who are more socially distant. This decline in generosity at increasing social distance is called social discounting and is influenced by both social traits and abilities, such as empathy, and non-social psychological factors, such as decision-making biases. People who receive a diagnosis of autism show differences in social interaction as well as displaying differences in non-social domains, such as more restricted and repetitive behaviours. We investigated social discounting in autism and found that autistic adults were more generous than neurotypical participants, which was driven by greater generosity to socially distant others. Crucially, we also investigated framing effects during prosocial decision-making. Autistic participants were less susceptible to whether decisions were framed as causing monetary gains, compared to preventing monetary losses, for the potential recipient. Our results support the view of 'enhanced rationality' in autism as participants' prosocial decisions were less influenced by potential biasing information, such as the closeness of the recipient or how choices were framed. Therefore, the differences seen in autism, as well as posing certain challenges, can also have prosocial consequences. Lay abstract Autistic people show differences in their social behaviour. But how autism affects decisions to share resources, an important part of cooperation, was previously unclear. In our study, participants made decisions about how to share money with different people, including people they felt close to, such as a friend, and people they felt less close to, such as a stranger. We found that compared to a group of non-autistic participants, autistic adults shared more money overall and this was driven by greater generosity to strangers. The results suggest that autistic adults were more generous because they made fair decisions (an equal split of the money) more consistently regardless of how close they felt to the person they were sharing with. By showing that autistic adults display greater generosity, our results could help to change public perceptions of autism and potentially improve opportunities for autistic people. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613231190674 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=525

Effects of Observing Eye Contact on Gaze Following in High-Functioning Autism / Anne BÖCKLER in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 44-7 (July 2014)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 44-7 (July 2014) . - p.1651-1658 Titre : Effects of Observing Eye Contact on Gaze Following in High-Functioning Autism Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Anne BÖCKLER, Auteur ; Bert TIMMERMANS, Auteur ; Natalie SEBANZ, Auteur ; Kai VOGELEY, Auteur ; Leonhard SCHILBACH, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1651-1658 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Gaze following  Joint attention  Social cognition  High-functioning autism Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Observing eye contact between others enhances the tendency to subsequently follow their gaze and has been suggested to function as a social signal that adds meaning to an upcoming action or event. The present study investigated effects of observed eye contact in high-functioning autism (HFA). Two faces on a screen either looked at or away from each other before providing congruent or incongruent gaze cues to one of two target locations. In contrast to control participants, HFA participants did not depict enhanced gaze following after observing eye contact. Individuals with autism, hence, do not seem to process observed mutual gaze as a social signal indicating the relevance of upcoming (gaze) behaviour. This may be based on the reduced tendency of individuals with HFA to engage in social gaze behavior themselves, and might underlie some of the characteristic deficiencies in social communicative behaviour in autism. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-014-2038-5 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=236 [article] Effects of Observing Eye Contact on Gaze Following in High-Functioning Autism [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Anne BÖCKLER, Auteur ; Bert TIMMERMANS, Auteur ; Natalie SEBANZ, Auteur ; Kai VOGELEY, Auteur ; Leonhard SCHILBACH, Auteur . - p.1651-1658. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 44-7 (July 2014) . - p.1651-1658 Mots-clés : Gaze following  Joint attention  Social cognition  High-functioning autism Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Observing eye contact between others enhances the tendency to subsequently follow their gaze and has been suggested to function as a social signal that adds meaning to an upcoming action or event. The present study investigated effects of observed eye contact in high-functioning autism (HFA). Two faces on a screen either looked at or away from each other before providing congruent or incongruent gaze cues to one of two target locations. In contrast to control participants, HFA participants did not depict enhanced gaze following after observing eye contact. Individuals with autism, hence, do not seem to process observed mutual gaze as a social signal indicating the relevance of upcoming (gaze) behaviour. This may be based on the reduced tendency of individuals with HFA to engage in social gaze behavior themselves, and might underlie some of the characteristic deficiencies in social communicative behaviour in autism. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-014-2038-5 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=236

Getting a Grip on Social Gaze: Control over Others? Gaze Helps Gaze Detection in High-Functioning Autism / Thomas DRATSCH in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 43-2 (February 2013)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 43-2 (February 2013) . - p.286-300 Titre : Getting a Grip on Social Gaze: Control over Others? Gaze Helps Gaze Detection in High-Functioning Autism Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Thomas DRATSCH, Auteur ; Caroline SCHWARTZ, Auteur ; Kliment YANEV, Auteur ; Leonhard SCHILBACH, Auteur ; Kai VOGELEY, Auteur ; Gary BENTE, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.286-300 Langues : (Eng) Mots-clés : High-functioning autism  Direct gaze  Control  Predictability Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : We investigated the influence of control over a social stimulus on the ability to detect direct gaze in high-functioning autism (HFA). In a pilot study, 19 participants with and 19 without HFA were compared on a gaze detection and a gaze setting task. Participants with HFA were less accurate in detecting direct gaze in the detection task, but did not differ in their ability to establish direct gaze in the setting task. In the main experiment, the results of the pilot study were replicated with 37 participants with and 39 without HFA, suggesting that individuals with HFA have a specific deficit in the passive perception of social cues as opposed to the active control, which seems to be intact. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-012-1569-x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=188 [article] Getting a Grip on Social Gaze: Control over Others? Gaze Helps Gaze Detection in High-Functioning Autism [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Thomas DRATSCH, Auteur ; Caroline SCHWARTZ, Auteur ; Kliment YANEV, Auteur ; Leonhard SCHILBACH, Auteur ; Kai VOGELEY, Auteur ; Gary BENTE, Auteur . - p.286-300. Langues : (Eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 43-2 (February 2013) . - p.286-300 Mots-clés : High-functioning autism  Direct gaze  Control  Predictability Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : We investigated the influence of control over a social stimulus on the ability to detect direct gaze in high-functioning autism (HFA). In a pilot study, 19 participants with and 19 without HFA were compared on a gaze detection and a gaze setting task. Participants with HFA were less accurate in detecting direct gaze in the detection task, but did not differ in their ability to establish direct gaze in the setting task. In the main experiment, the results of the pilot study were replicated with 37 participants with and 39 without HFA, suggesting that individuals with HFA have a specific deficit in the passive perception of social cues as opposed to the active control, which seems to be intact. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-012-1569-x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=188

A matter of words: Impact of verbal and nonverbal information on impression formation in high-functioning autism / Bojana KUZMANOVIC in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 5-1 (January-March 2011)  

Public ISBD [article]  inResearch in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 5-1 (January-March 2011) . - p.604-613 Titre : A matter of words: Impact of verbal and nonverbal information on impression formation in high-functioning autism Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Bojana KUZMANOVIC, Auteur ; Fritz-Georg LEHNHARDT, Auteur ; Kai VOGELEY, Auteur ; Gary BENTE, Auteur ; Leonhard SCHILBACH, Auteur Année de publication : 2011 Article en page(s) : p.604-613 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Impression-formation High-functioning-autism Verbal Nonverbal Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Clinical intuition and resent research (Senju et al., 2009) suggests that adults with high-functioning autism (HFA) are able to use explicit verbal information but fail to react upon subtle nonverbal cues in order to understand others and navigate social encounters. In order to investigate the relative influence of different domains of socially relevant information in HFA as compared to matched controls, we used verbal and nonverbal stimuli as a basis for an interpersonal impression formation task. Results demonstrated a reduced sensitivity to nonverbal cues in individuals with HFA when consideration of conflicting information from the different domains was required, although HFA participants could well evaluate nonverbal stimuli in isolation. Thus, in a more complex experimental setting nonverbal information had a comparably weak impact on the impression formation confirming that social processing is preferentially based on verbal information in HFA. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2010.07.005 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=111 [article] A matter of words: Impact of verbal and nonverbal information on impression formation in high-functioning autism [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Bojana KUZMANOVIC, Auteur ; Fritz-Georg LEHNHARDT, Auteur ; Kai VOGELEY, Auteur ; Gary BENTE, Auteur ; Leonhard SCHILBACH, Auteur . - 2011 . - p.604-613. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 5-1 (January-March 2011) . - p.604-613 Mots-clés : Impression-formation High-functioning-autism Verbal Nonverbal Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Clinical intuition and resent research (Senju et al., 2009) suggests that adults with high-functioning autism (HFA) are able to use explicit verbal information but fail to react upon subtle nonverbal cues in order to understand others and navigate social encounters. In order to investigate the relative influence of different domains of socially relevant information in HFA as compared to matched controls, we used verbal and nonverbal stimuli as a basis for an interpersonal impression formation task. Results demonstrated a reduced sensitivity to nonverbal cues in individuals with HFA when consideration of conflicting information from the different domains was required, although HFA participants could well evaluate nonverbal stimuli in isolation. Thus, in a more complex experimental setting nonverbal information had a comparably weak impact on the impression formation confirming that social processing is preferentially based on verbal information in HFA. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2010.07.005 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=111

Responses to Nonverbal Behaviour of Dynamic Virtual Characters in High-Functioning Autism / Caroline SCHWARTZ in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 40-1 (January 2010)  

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Shall we do this together? Social gaze influences action control in a comparison group, but not in individuals with high-functioning autism / Leonhard SCHILBACH in Autism, 16-2 (March 2012)  

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Spontaneous Facial Mimicry is Modulated by Joint Attention and Autistic Traits / Janina NEUFELD in Autism Research, 9-7 (July 2016)  

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