Analogical reasoning in autism. A systematic review and meta-analysis / Kinga MORSANYI

Public ISBD in Thinking, Reasoning, and Decision Making in Autism / Kinga MORSANYI Titre : Analogical reasoning in autism. A systematic review and meta-analysis Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Kinga MORSANYI, Auteur ; Dušan STAMENKOVIC, Auteur ; Keith J. HOLYOAK, Auteur Année de publication : 2019 Importance : p.59-87 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PAR-A PAR-A - Fonctionnement Autistique Résumé : This chapter provides a brief overview of analogical reasoning, first in the typically developing population and then in the autism spectrum disorder (ASD) population. Many studies of analogical reasoning have used variations of a mapping task, which requires the participant to identify correspondences between specific objects in the source and target. Instructions sometimes specify that a relational match is to be sought, but may instead leave the match criterion relatively vague. The chapter presents a systematic review of empirical investigations of analogical reasoning in autism, including studies that assessed performance on J. C. Raven’s matrices. The spared analogical abilities observed in ASD also suggest refinements in models of autistic functioning. On the face of it, solving problems of the type exemplified by Raven’s matrices requires attention to visuospatial relations between geometrical forms and also requires integration of constraints provided by multiple relations. Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=418 in Thinking, Reasoning, and Decision Making in Autism / Kinga MORSANYI Analogical reasoning in autism. A systematic review and meta-analysis [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Kinga MORSANYI, Auteur ; Dušan STAMENKOVIC, Auteur ; Keith J. HOLYOAK, Auteur . - 2019 . - p.59-87. Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PAR-A PAR-A - Fonctionnement Autistique Résumé : This chapter provides a brief overview of analogical reasoning, first in the typically developing population and then in the autism spectrum disorder (ASD) population. Many studies of analogical reasoning have used variations of a mapping task, which requires the participant to identify correspondences between specific objects in the source and target. Instructions sometimes specify that a relational match is to be sought, but may instead leave the match criterion relatively vague. The chapter presents a systematic review of empirical investigations of analogical reasoning in autism, including studies that assessed performance on J. C. Raven’s matrices. The spared analogical abilities observed in ASD also suggest refinements in models of autistic functioning. On the face of it, solving problems of the type exemplified by Raven’s matrices requires attention to visuospatial relations between geometrical forms and also requires integration of constraints provided by multiple relations. Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=418

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Decontextualised Minds: Adolescents with Autism are Less Susceptible to the Conjunction Fallacy than Typically Developing Adolescents / Kinga MORSANYI in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 40-11 (November 2010)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 40-11 (November 2010) . - p.1378-1388 Titre : Decontextualised Minds: Adolescents with Autism are Less Susceptible to the Conjunction Fallacy than Typically Developing Adolescents Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Kinga MORSANYI, Auteur ; Simon J. HANDLEY, Auteur ; Jonathan S. B. T. EVANS, Auteur Année de publication : 2010 Article en page(s) : p.1378-1388 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism  Conjunction fallacy  Contextualisation  Developmental disorders  Heuristics and biases  Judgment and decision making Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The conjunction fallacy has been cited as a classic example of the automatic contextualisation of problems. In two experiments we compared the performance of autistic and typically developing adolescents on a set of conjunction fallacy tasks. Participants with autism were less susceptible to the conjunction fallacy. Experiment 2 also demonstrated that the difference between the groups did not result from increased sensitivity to the conjunction rule, or from impaired processing of social materials amongst the autistic participants. Although adolescents with autism showed less bias in their reasoning they were not more logical than the control group in a normative sense. The findings are discussed in the light of accounts which emphasise differences in contextual processing between typical and autistic populations. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-010-0993-z Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=114 [article] Decontextualised Minds: Adolescents with Autism are Less Susceptible to the Conjunction Fallacy than Typically Developing Adolescents [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Kinga MORSANYI, Auteur ; Simon J. HANDLEY, Auteur ; Jonathan S. B. T. EVANS, Auteur . - 2010 . - p.1378-1388. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 40-11 (November 2010) . - p.1378-1388 Mots-clés : Autism  Conjunction fallacy  Contextualisation  Developmental disorders  Heuristics and biases  Judgment and decision making Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The conjunction fallacy has been cited as a classic example of the automatic contextualisation of problems. In two experiments we compared the performance of autistic and typically developing adolescents on a set of conjunction fallacy tasks. Participants with autism were less susceptible to the conjunction fallacy. Experiment 2 also demonstrated that the difference between the groups did not result from increased sensitivity to the conjunction rule, or from impaired processing of social materials amongst the autistic participants. Although adolescents with autism showed less bias in their reasoning they were not more logical than the control group in a normative sense. The findings are discussed in the light of accounts which emphasise differences in contextual processing between typical and autistic populations. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-010-0993-z Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=114

How do individuals with autism think ? / Kinga MORSANYI

Public ISBD in Thinking, Reasoning, and Decision Making in Autism / Kinga MORSANYI Titre : How do individuals with autism think ? Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Kinga MORSANYI, Auteur ; Ruth M. J. BYRNE, Auteur Année de publication : 2019 Importance : p.1-12 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PAR-A PAR-A - Fonctionnement Autistique Résumé : This introduction presents an overview of the key concepts discussed in the subsequent chapters of this book. The book focuses on decision making, imaginative thought, and pragmatic communication and inference in individuals with autism. There are many other fascinating questions about how individuals with autism think compared to typical individuals. The book suggests that individuals with autism tend not to be “lazy thinkers” and instead tend to rely on deliberative reflection. They review evidence that adults with autism are less susceptible to producing intuitive responses in decision-making and logical reasoning. The book shows that on the contrary, striking similarities are observed between individuals with autism and typical individuals in their abilities to engage in analogical thought. It presents evidence that children with autism make fewer correct counterfactual inferences than typically developing children, and they create different sorts of alternatives to reality and emphasize that pragmatic difficulties in individuals with autism are neither global nor uniform. Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=418 in Thinking, Reasoning, and Decision Making in Autism / Kinga MORSANYI How do individuals with autism think ? [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Kinga MORSANYI, Auteur ; Ruth M. J. BYRNE, Auteur . - 2019 . - p.1-12. Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PAR-A PAR-A - Fonctionnement Autistique Résumé : This introduction presents an overview of the key concepts discussed in the subsequent chapters of this book. The book focuses on decision making, imaginative thought, and pragmatic communication and inference in individuals with autism. There are many other fascinating questions about how individuals with autism think compared to typical individuals. The book suggests that individuals with autism tend not to be “lazy thinkers” and instead tend to rely on deliberative reflection. They review evidence that adults with autism are less susceptible to producing intuitive responses in decision-making and logical reasoning. The book shows that on the contrary, striking similarities are observed between individuals with autism and typical individuals in their abilities to engage in analogical thought. It presents evidence that children with autism make fewer correct counterfactual inferences than typically developing children, and they create different sorts of alternatives to reality and emphasize that pragmatic difficulties in individuals with autism are neither global nor uniform. Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=418

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Reasoning on the Basis of Fantasy Content: Two Studies with High-Functioning Autistic Adolescents / Kinga MORSANYI in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 42-11 (November 2012)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 42-11 (November 2012) . - p.2297-2311 Titre : Reasoning on the Basis of Fantasy Content: Two Studies with High-Functioning Autistic Adolescents Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Kinga MORSANYI, Auteur ; Simon J. HANDLEY, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.2297-2311 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism  Cognitive development  Developmental disorders  Executive functioning  Fantasy context  Syllogistic reasoning Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Reasoning about problems with empirically false content can be hard, as the inferences that people draw are heavily influenced by their background knowledge. However, presenting empirically false premises in a fantasy context helps children and adolescents to disregard their beliefs, and to reason on the basis of the premises. The aim of the present experiments was to see if high-functioning adolescents with autism are able to utilize fantasy context to the same extent as typically developing adolescents when they reason about empirically false premises. The results indicate that problems with engaging in pretence in autism persist into adolescence, and this hinders the ability of autistic individuals to disregard their beliefs when empirical knowledge is irrelevant. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-012-1477-0 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=182 [article] Reasoning on the Basis of Fantasy Content: Two Studies with High-Functioning Autistic Adolescents [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Kinga MORSANYI, Auteur ; Simon J. HANDLEY, Auteur . - p.2297-2311. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 42-11 (November 2012) . - p.2297-2311 Mots-clés : Autism  Cognitive development  Developmental disorders  Executive functioning  Fantasy context  Syllogistic reasoning Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Reasoning about problems with empirically false content can be hard, as the inferences that people draw are heavily influenced by their background knowledge. However, presenting empirically false premises in a fantasy context helps children and adolescents to disregard their beliefs, and to reason on the basis of the premises. The aim of the present experiments was to see if high-functioning adolescents with autism are able to utilize fantasy context to the same extent as typically developing adolescents when they reason about empirically false premises. The results indicate that problems with engaging in pretence in autism persist into adolescence, and this hinders the ability of autistic individuals to disregard their beliefs when empirical knowledge is irrelevant. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-012-1477-0 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=182

Thinking, Reasoning, and Decision Making in Autism / Kinga MORSANYI

Public ISBD Titre : Thinking, Reasoning, and Decision Making in Autism Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Kinga MORSANYI, Auteur ; Ruth M. J. BYRNE, Auteur Editeur : London, [Angleterre] : Routledge Année de publication : 2019 Collection : Current issues in thinking and reasoning Importance : 161 p. ISBN/ISSN/EAN : 978-1-138-48117-6 Note générale : Bibliogr., Index Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Raisonnement  Prise de décision Index. décimale : PAR-A PAR-A - Fonctionnement Autistique Résumé : Thinking and Reasoning in Autism provides fresh insights into the cognitive processes that underlie some of the typical characteristics of autism. Autism has long been considered an enigma, and no single theory so far has been able to explain, or even fully describe, the key characteristics of the autistic mind. From the interdisciplinary perspective of new research in cognitive psychology, linguistics, philosophy, and neuroscience, this book explores thinking, reasoning and decision making in autism. The new cognitive approaches challenge some of the existing assumptions of the nature of thought in autism, including presumed areas of impairments. Instead, this book focuses on the nuanced array of cognitive signatures that characterize the autistic mind, and in many cases it reveals the possibility of intact performance alongside instances of remarkably enhanced thinking. The book considers the implications of these characteristics, providing in-depth analyses of specific areas of cognitive functioning, and their everyday manifestations. Featuring contributions from world-leading researchers from the fields of cognitive science and autism research, this volume will be essential reading for advanced students and researchers, as well as those working with individuals with autism spectrum disorders. [Résumé d'Auteur/Editeur] Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=418 Thinking, Reasoning, and Decision Making in Autism [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Kinga MORSANYI, Auteur ; Ruth M. J. BYRNE, Auteur . - London, [Angleterre] : Routledge, 2019 . - 161 p.. - (Current issues in thinking and reasoning) . ISBN : 978-1-138-48117-6 Bibliogr., Index Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Raisonnement  Prise de décision Index. décimale : PAR-A PAR-A - Fonctionnement Autistique Résumé : Thinking and Reasoning in Autism provides fresh insights into the cognitive processes that underlie some of the typical characteristics of autism. Autism has long been considered an enigma, and no single theory so far has been able to explain, or even fully describe, the key characteristics of the autistic mind. From the interdisciplinary perspective of new research in cognitive psychology, linguistics, philosophy, and neuroscience, this book explores thinking, reasoning and decision making in autism. The new cognitive approaches challenge some of the existing assumptions of the nature of thought in autism, including presumed areas of impairments. Instead, this book focuses on the nuanced array of cognitive signatures that characterize the autistic mind, and in many cases it reveals the possibility of intact performance alongside instances of remarkably enhanced thinking. The book considers the implications of these characteristics, providing in-depth analyses of specific areas of cognitive functioning, and their everyday manifestations. Featuring contributions from world-leading researchers from the fields of cognitive science and autism research, this volume will be essential reading for advanced students and researchers, as well as those working with individuals with autism spectrum disorders. [Résumé d'Auteur/Editeur] Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=418

Contenu

• How do individuals with autism think ? / Kinga MORSANYI
• The Dual Process Theory of Autism / Chris ASHWIN
• Decision-making processes of high-functioning adults on the autism spectrum / Irwin P. LEVIN
• Analogical reasoning in autism. A systematic review and meta-analysis / Kinga MORSANYI
• Pragmatic reasoning in autism / Bart GEURTS
• Counterfactual and false-belief reasoning in individuals with autism / Célia RASGA
• Reasoning and discourse coherence in Autism Spectrum Disorder / Keith STENNING

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