Attachment and callous-unemotional traits in children with early-onset conduct problems / Dave PASALICH in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 53-8 (August 2012)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 53-8 (August 2012) . - p.838-845 Titre : Attachment and callous-unemotional traits in children with early-onset conduct problems Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Dave PASALICH, Auteur ; Mark R. DADDS, Auteur ; David J. HAWES, Auteur ; John BRENNAN, Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : p.838-845 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Callous-unemotional  attachment  parent-child relationship  conduct problems Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background:  Antisocial children with callous-unemotional (CU) traits appear to be disconnected from other people’s emotions; although little is known about their experience of the parent-child emotional bond. This study examined parent-child attachment relationships and levels of CU traits in conduct-problem children. Method:  Attachment classifications in boys (M = 6.31 years) with disruptive behaviour disorders were assessed using the Manchester Child Attachment Story Task. Multiple informants rated children’s CU traits. Results:  Independent of severity of conduct problems, high levels of CU traits were associated with more insecure attachment; specifically, disorganised attachment representations; however, CU traits were not associated with avoidant representations. Conclusions:  Among conduct-problem children, those higher on CU traits appear to be at increased risk of experiencing disruptions in parent-child attachment relationships; attachment may be an important area for treatment and prevention efforts for CU traits in young children. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2012.02544.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=177 [article] Attachment and callous-unemotional traits in children with early-onset conduct problems [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Dave PASALICH, Auteur ; Mark R. DADDS, Auteur ; David J. HAWES, Auteur ; John BRENNAN, Auteur . - 2012 . - p.838-845. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 53-8 (August 2012) . - p.838-845 Mots-clés : Callous-unemotional  attachment  parent-child relationship  conduct problems Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background:  Antisocial children with callous-unemotional (CU) traits appear to be disconnected from other people’s emotions; although little is known about their experience of the parent-child emotional bond. This study examined parent-child attachment relationships and levels of CU traits in conduct-problem children. Method:  Attachment classifications in boys (M = 6.31 years) with disruptive behaviour disorders were assessed using the Manchester Child Attachment Story Task. Multiple informants rated children’s CU traits. Results:  Independent of severity of conduct problems, high levels of CU traits were associated with more insecure attachment; specifically, disorganised attachment representations; however, CU traits were not associated with avoidant representations. Conclusions:  Among conduct-problem children, those higher on CU traits appear to be at increased risk of experiencing disruptions in parent-child attachment relationships; attachment may be an important area for treatment and prevention efforts for CU traits in young children. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2012.02544.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=177

Do callous-unemotional traits moderate the relative importance of parental coercion versus warmth in child conduct problems? An observational study / Dave PASALICH in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 52-12 (December 2011)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 52-12 (December 2011) . - p.1308-1315 Titre : Do callous-unemotional traits moderate the relative importance of parental coercion versus warmth in child conduct problems? An observational study Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Dave PASALICH, Auteur ; Mark R. DADDS, Auteur ; David J. HAWES, Auteur ; John BRENNAN, Auteur Année de publication : 2011 Article en page(s) : p.1308-1315 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Callous-unemotional  conduct problems  coercion  warmth  parent–child interaction Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background:  Research suggests that parenting has little influence on the development of antisocial behavior in children with callous-unemotional (CU) traits. We aimed to extend and improve on prior studies examining the moderating role of CU traits on associations between parenting and conduct problems, by using independent observations of two key dimensions of parenting: coercion and warmth. Methods:  The participants included clinic-referred conduct-disordered boys (4–12 years; N = 95) and their families. Coercive parenting was coded from observations of family interaction and parental warmth was coded from Five-Minute Speech Samples. CU traits and conduct problems were rated by multiple informants. Results:  In both mothers and fathers, CU traits moderated links between observed parenting and conduct problems. Specifically, coercive parenting was more strongly positively associated with conduct problems in boys with lower levels of CU traits, whereas parental warmth was more strongly negatively associated with conduct problems in boys with higher levels of CU traits. Conclusions:  These findings suggest that different dimensions of parenting may need to be targeted in the treatment of early onset conduct problems in children high and low on CU traits. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2011.02435.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=147 [article] Do callous-unemotional traits moderate the relative importance of parental coercion versus warmth in child conduct problems? An observational study [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Dave PASALICH, Auteur ; Mark R. DADDS, Auteur ; David J. HAWES, Auteur ; John BRENNAN, Auteur . - 2011 . - p.1308-1315. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 52-12 (December 2011) . - p.1308-1315 Mots-clés : Callous-unemotional  conduct problems  coercion  warmth  parent–child interaction Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background:  Research suggests that parenting has little influence on the development of antisocial behavior in children with callous-unemotional (CU) traits. We aimed to extend and improve on prior studies examining the moderating role of CU traits on associations between parenting and conduct problems, by using independent observations of two key dimensions of parenting: coercion and warmth. Methods:  The participants included clinic-referred conduct-disordered boys (4–12 years; N = 95) and their families. Coercive parenting was coded from observations of family interaction and parental warmth was coded from Five-Minute Speech Samples. CU traits and conduct problems were rated by multiple informants. Results:  In both mothers and fathers, CU traits moderated links between observed parenting and conduct problems. Specifically, coercive parenting was more strongly positively associated with conduct problems in boys with lower levels of CU traits, whereas parental warmth was more strongly negatively associated with conduct problems in boys with higher levels of CU traits. Conclusions:  These findings suggest that different dimensions of parenting may need to be targeted in the treatment of early onset conduct problems in children high and low on CU traits. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2011.02435.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=147

Impaired attention to the eyes of attachment figures and the developmental origins of psychopathy / Mark R. DADDS in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 52-3 (March 2011)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 52-3 (March 2011) . - p.238-245 Titre : Impaired attention to the eyes of attachment figures and the developmental origins of psychopathy Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Mark R. DADDS, Auteur ; Jasmin JAMBRAK, Auteur ; Dave PASALICH, Auteur ; David J. HAWES, Auteur ; John BRENNAN, Auteur Année de publication : 2011 Article en page(s) : p.238-245 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Psychopathy  conduct problems  eye contact  parent–child interactions Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background:  A pervasive failure to attend and respond to emotionally salient stimuli is a core feature of psychopathy. We hypothesise that this begins early in life and is expressed most importantly as a failure to attend to core emotional features (viz., the eyes) of attachment figures. The current study tested whether impaired eye contact is a characteristic of children with antisocial behaviour and callous-unemotional (CU) traits in real life settings. Methods:  Conduct problem males were assessed on levels of CU traits and observed in free play and ‘emotion talk’ scenarios with their parents. Eye contact was measured for each dyad (child to mother, child to father, mother to child, father to child) as a proportion of intervals in which the child and parent interacted. Results:  Levels of eye contact were reciprocated in mother–son and father–son dyads, but males with high CU traits showed consistent impairments in eye contact towards their parents. Mothers of high CU boys did not show impairments; however, fathers of high CU boys showed similar impairment. Levels of eye contact were also associated with independent measures of fear recognition, and general empathy in the boys. Conclusions:  The findings provide the first evidence that impairments in eye contact, previously shown during computer tasks, characterise psychopathic traits in young males. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2010.02323.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=118 [article] Impaired attention to the eyes of attachment figures and the developmental origins of psychopathy [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Mark R. DADDS, Auteur ; Jasmin JAMBRAK, Auteur ; Dave PASALICH, Auteur ; David J. HAWES, Auteur ; John BRENNAN, Auteur . - 2011 . - p.238-245. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 52-3 (March 2011) . - p.238-245 Mots-clés : Psychopathy  conduct problems  eye contact  parent–child interactions Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background:  A pervasive failure to attend and respond to emotionally salient stimuli is a core feature of psychopathy. We hypothesise that this begins early in life and is expressed most importantly as a failure to attend to core emotional features (viz., the eyes) of attachment figures. The current study tested whether impaired eye contact is a characteristic of children with antisocial behaviour and callous-unemotional (CU) traits in real life settings. Methods:  Conduct problem males were assessed on levels of CU traits and observed in free play and ‘emotion talk’ scenarios with their parents. Eye contact was measured for each dyad (child to mother, child to father, mother to child, father to child) as a proportion of intervals in which the child and parent interacted. Results:  Levels of eye contact were reciprocated in mother–son and father–son dyads, but males with high CU traits showed consistent impairments in eye contact towards their parents. Mothers of high CU boys did not show impairments; however, fathers of high CU boys showed similar impairment. Levels of eye contact were also associated with independent measures of fear recognition, and general empathy in the boys. Conclusions:  The findings provide the first evidence that impairments in eye contact, previously shown during computer tasks, characterise psychopathic traits in young males. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2010.02323.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=118

Methylation of the oxytocin receptor gene and oxytocin blood levels in the development of psychopathy / Mark R. DADDS in Development and Psychopathology, 26-1 (February 2014)  

Public ISBD [article]  inDevelopment and Psychopathology > 26-1 (February 2014) . - p.33-40 Titre : Methylation of the oxytocin receptor gene and oxytocin blood levels in the development of psychopathy Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Mark R. DADDS, Auteur ; Caroline MOUL, Auteur ; Avril CAUCHI, Auteur ; Carol DOBSON-STONE, Auteur ; David J. HAWES, Auteur ; John BRENNAN, Auteur ; Richard E. EBSTEIN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.33-40 Langues : Français (fre) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Child conduct problems (CPs) are a robust predictor of adult mental health; the concurrence of callous–unemotional (CU) traits confers specific risk for psychopathy. Psychopathy may be related to disturbances in the oxytocin (OXT) system. Evidence suggests that epigenetic changes in the OXT receptor gene (OXTR) are associated with lower circulating OXT and social–cognitive difficulties. We tested methylation levels of OXTR in 4- to 16-year-old males who met DSM criteria for a diagnosis of oppositional–defiant or conduct disorder and were stratified by CU traits and age. Measures were DNA methylation levels of six CpG sites in the promoter region of the OXTR gene (where a CpG site is a cytosine nucleotide occurs next to a guanine nucleotide in the linear sequence of bases along its lenth, linked together by phosphate binding), and OXT blood levels. High CU traits were associated with greater methylation of the OXTR gene for two cytosine nucleotide and guanine nucleotide phosphate linked sites and lower circulating OXT in older males. Higher methylation correlated with lower OXT levels. We conclude that greater methylation of OXTR characterizes adolescent males with high levels of CU and CPs, and this methylation is associated with lower circulating OXT and functional impairment in interpersonal empathy. The results add genetic evidence that high CU traits specify a distinct subgroup within CP children, and they suggest models of psychopathy may be informed by further identification of these epigenetic processes and their functional significance. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0954579413000497 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=224 [article] Methylation of the oxytocin receptor gene and oxytocin blood levels in the development of psychopathy [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Mark R. DADDS, Auteur ; Caroline MOUL, Auteur ; Avril CAUCHI, Auteur ; Carol DOBSON-STONE, Auteur ; David J. HAWES, Auteur ; John BRENNAN, Auteur ; Richard E. EBSTEIN, Auteur . - p.33-40. Langues : Français (fre) in Development and Psychopathology > 26-1 (February 2014) . - p.33-40 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Child conduct problems (CPs) are a robust predictor of adult mental health; the concurrence of callous–unemotional (CU) traits confers specific risk for psychopathy. Psychopathy may be related to disturbances in the oxytocin (OXT) system. Evidence suggests that epigenetic changes in the OXT receptor gene (OXTR) are associated with lower circulating OXT and social–cognitive difficulties. We tested methylation levels of OXTR in 4- to 16-year-old males who met DSM criteria for a diagnosis of oppositional–defiant or conduct disorder and were stratified by CU traits and age. Measures were DNA methylation levels of six CpG sites in the promoter region of the OXTR gene (where a CpG site is a cytosine nucleotide occurs next to a guanine nucleotide in the linear sequence of bases along its lenth, linked together by phosphate binding), and OXT blood levels. High CU traits were associated with greater methylation of the OXTR gene for two cytosine nucleotide and guanine nucleotide phosphate linked sites and lower circulating OXT in older males. Higher methylation correlated with lower OXT levels. We conclude that greater methylation of OXTR characterizes adolescent males with high levels of CU and CPs, and this methylation is associated with lower circulating OXT and functional impairment in interpersonal empathy. The results add genetic evidence that high CU traits specify a distinct subgroup within CP children, and they suggest models of psychopathy may be informed by further identification of these epigenetic processes and their functional significance. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0954579413000497 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=224

Nasal Oxytocin for Social Deficits in Childhood Autism: A Randomized Controlled Trial / Mark R. DADDS in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 44-3 (March 2014)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 44-3 (March 2014) . - p.521-531 Titre : Nasal Oxytocin for Social Deficits in Childhood Autism: A Randomized Controlled Trial Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Mark R. DADDS, Auteur ; Elayne MACDONALD, Auteur ; Avril CAUCHI, Auteur ; Katrina WILLIAMS, Auteur ; Florence LEVY, Auteur ; John BRENNAN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.521-531 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism  Oxytocin  Children  Randomized controlled trial Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The last two decades have witnessed a surge in research investigating the application of oxytocin as a method of enhancing social behaviour in humans. Preliminary evidence suggests oxytocin may have potential as an intervention for autism. We evaluated a 5-day ‘live-in’ intervention using a double-blind randomized control trial. 38 male youths (7–16 years old) with autism spectrum disorders were administered 24 or 12 international units (depending on weight) intranasal placebo or oxytocin once daily over four consecutive days. The oxytocin or placebo was administered during parent–child interaction training sessions. Parent and child behaviours were assessed using parent reports, clinician ratings, and independent observations, at multiple time points to measure side-effects; social interaction skills; repetitive behaviours; emotion recognition and diagnostic status. Compared to placebo, intranasal oxytocin did not significantly improve emotion recognition, social interaction skills, or general behavioral adjustment in male youths with autism spectrum disorders. The results show that the benefits of nasal oxytocin for young individuals with autism spectrum disorders may be more circumscribed than suggested by previous studies, and suggest caution in recommending it as an intervention that is broadly effective. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-013-1899-3 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=225 [article] Nasal Oxytocin for Social Deficits in Childhood Autism: A Randomized Controlled Trial [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Mark R. DADDS, Auteur ; Elayne MACDONALD, Auteur ; Avril CAUCHI, Auteur ; Katrina WILLIAMS, Auteur ; Florence LEVY, Auteur ; John BRENNAN, Auteur . - p.521-531. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 44-3 (March 2014) . - p.521-531 Mots-clés : Autism  Oxytocin  Children  Randomized controlled trial Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The last two decades have witnessed a surge in research investigating the application of oxytocin as a method of enhancing social behaviour in humans. Preliminary evidence suggests oxytocin may have potential as an intervention for autism. We evaluated a 5-day ‘live-in’ intervention using a double-blind randomized control trial. 38 male youths (7–16 years old) with autism spectrum disorders were administered 24 or 12 international units (depending on weight) intranasal placebo or oxytocin once daily over four consecutive days. The oxytocin or placebo was administered during parent–child interaction training sessions. Parent and child behaviours were assessed using parent reports, clinician ratings, and independent observations, at multiple time points to measure side-effects; social interaction skills; repetitive behaviours; emotion recognition and diagnostic status. Compared to placebo, intranasal oxytocin did not significantly improve emotion recognition, social interaction skills, or general behavioral adjustment in male youths with autism spectrum disorders. The results show that the benefits of nasal oxytocin for young individuals with autism spectrum disorders may be more circumscribed than suggested by previous studies, and suggest caution in recommending it as an intervention that is broadly effective. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-013-1899-3 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=225

Polymorphisms in the oxytocin receptor gene are associated with the development of psychopathy / Mark R. DADDS in Development and Psychopathology, 26-1 (February 2014)  

Permalink

---

1 (1 - 6 / 6)