Dépouillements

Issue Information in Autism Research, 9-3 (March 2016)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 9-3 (March 2016) . - p.329-332 Titre : Issue Information Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Article en page(s) : p.329-332 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1548 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=285 [article] Issue Information [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] . - p.329-332. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 9-3 (March 2016) . - p.329-332 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1548 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=285

Slowed Search in the Context of Unimpaired Grouping in Autism: Evidence from Multiple Conjunction Search / Brandon KEEHN in Autism Research, 9-3 (March 2016)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 9-3 (March 2016) . - p.333-339 Titre : Slowed Search in the Context of Unimpaired Grouping in Autism: Evidence from Multiple Conjunction Search Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Brandon KEEHN, Auteur ; Robert M. JOSEPH, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.333-339 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism  attention  visual search  perceptual grouping  priming Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : In multiple conjunction search, the target is not known in advance but is defined only with respect to the distractors in a given search array, thus reducing the contributions of bottom-up and top-down attentional and perceptual processes during search. This study investigated whether the superior visual search skills typically demonstrated by individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) would be evident in multiple conjunction search. Thirty-two children with ASD and 32 age- and nonverbal IQ-matched typically developing (TD) children were administered a multiple conjunction search task. Contrary to findings from the large majority of studies on visual search in ASD, response times of individuals with ASD were significantly slower than those of their TD peers. Evidence of slowed performance in ASD suggests that the mechanisms responsible for superior ASD performance in other visual search paradigms are not available in multiple conjunction search. Although the ASD group failed to exhibit superior performance, they showed efficient search and intertrial priming levels similar to the TD group. Efficient search indicates that ASD participants were able to group distractors into distinct subsets. In summary, while demonstrating grouping and priming effects comparable to those exhibited by their TD peers, children with ASD were slowed in their performance on a multiple conjunction search task, suggesting that their usual superior performance in visual search tasks is specifically dependent on top-down and/or bottom-up attentional and perceptual processes. Autism Res 2016, 9: 333–339. © 2015 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1534 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=285 [article] Slowed Search in the Context of Unimpaired Grouping in Autism: Evidence from Multiple Conjunction Search [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Brandon KEEHN, Auteur ; Robert M. JOSEPH, Auteur . - p.333-339. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 9-3 (March 2016) . - p.333-339 Mots-clés : autism  attention  visual search  perceptual grouping  priming Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : In multiple conjunction search, the target is not known in advance but is defined only with respect to the distractors in a given search array, thus reducing the contributions of bottom-up and top-down attentional and perceptual processes during search. This study investigated whether the superior visual search skills typically demonstrated by individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) would be evident in multiple conjunction search. Thirty-two children with ASD and 32 age- and nonverbal IQ-matched typically developing (TD) children were administered a multiple conjunction search task. Contrary to findings from the large majority of studies on visual search in ASD, response times of individuals with ASD were significantly slower than those of their TD peers. Evidence of slowed performance in ASD suggests that the mechanisms responsible for superior ASD performance in other visual search paradigms are not available in multiple conjunction search. Although the ASD group failed to exhibit superior performance, they showed efficient search and intertrial priming levels similar to the TD group. Efficient search indicates that ASD participants were able to group distractors into distinct subsets. In summary, while demonstrating grouping and priming effects comparable to those exhibited by their TD peers, children with ASD were slowed in their performance on a multiple conjunction search task, suggesting that their usual superior performance in visual search tasks is specifically dependent on top-down and/or bottom-up attentional and perceptual processes. Autism Res 2016, 9: 333–339. © 2015 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1534 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=285

Genome-wide Association Study of Autism Spectrum Disorder in the East Asian Populations / Xiaoxi LIU in Autism Research, 9-3 (March 2016)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 9-3 (March 2016) . - p.340-349 Titre : Genome-wide Association Study of Autism Spectrum Disorder in the East Asian Populations Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Xiaoxi LIU, Auteur ; Takafumi SHIMADA, Auteur ; Takeshi OTOWA, Auteur ; Yu-Yu WU, Auteur ; Yoshiya KAWAMURA, Auteur ; Mamoru TOCHIGI, Auteur ; Yasuhide IWATA, Auteur ; Tadashi UMEKAGE, Auteur ; Tomoko TOYOTA, Auteur ; Motoko MAEKAWA, Auteur ; Yoshimi IWAYAMA, Auteur ; Katsuaki SUZUKI, Auteur ; Chihiro KAKIUCHI, Auteur ; Hitoshi KUWABARA, Auteur ; Yukiko KANO, Auteur ; Hisami NISHIDA, Auteur ; Toshiro SUGIYAMA, Auteur ; Nobumasa KATO, Auteur ; Chia-Hsiang CHEN, Auteur ; Norio MORI, Auteur ; Kazuo YAMADA, Auteur ; Takeo YOSHIKAWA, Auteur ; Kiyoto KASAI, Auteur ; Katsushi TOKUNAGA, Auteur ; Tsukasa SASAKI, Auteur ; Susan Shur-Fen GAU, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.340-349 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism  autism spectrum disorder  genome-wide association study  genetics  common variation Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism spectrum disorder is a heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorder with strong genetic basis. To identify common genetic variations conferring the risk of ASD, we performed a two-stage genome-wide association study using ASD family and healthy control samples obtained from East Asian populations. A total of 166 ASD families (n?=?500) and 642 healthy controls from the Japanese population were used as the discovery cohort. Approximately 900,000 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were genotyped using Affymetrix Genome-Wide Human SNP array 6.0 chips. In the replication stage, 205 Japanese ASD cases and 184 healthy controls, as well as 418 Chinese Han trios (n?=?1,254), were genotyped by TaqMan platform. Case–control analysis, family based association test, and transmission/disequilibrium test (TDT) were then conducted to test the association. In the discovery stage, significant associations were suggested for 14 loci, including 5 known ASD candidate genes: GPC6, JARID2, YTHDC2, CNTN4, and CSMD1. In addition, significant associations were identified for several novel genes with intriguing functions, such as JPH3, PTPRD, CUX1, and RIT2. After a meta-analysis combining the Japanese replication samples, the strongest signal was found at rs16976358 (P?=?6.04 × 10?7), which is located near the RIT2 gene. In summary, our results provide independent support to known ASD candidate genes and highlight a number of novel genes warranted to be further investigated in a larger sample set in an effort to improve our understanding of the genetic basis of ASD. Autism Res 2016, 9: 340–349. © 2015 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1536 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=285 [article] Genome-wide Association Study of Autism Spectrum Disorder in the East Asian Populations [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Xiaoxi LIU, Auteur ; Takafumi SHIMADA, Auteur ; Takeshi OTOWA, Auteur ; Yu-Yu WU, Auteur ; Yoshiya KAWAMURA, Auteur ; Mamoru TOCHIGI, Auteur ; Yasuhide IWATA, Auteur ; Tadashi UMEKAGE, Auteur ; Tomoko TOYOTA, Auteur ; Motoko MAEKAWA, Auteur ; Yoshimi IWAYAMA, Auteur ; Katsuaki SUZUKI, Auteur ; Chihiro KAKIUCHI, Auteur ; Hitoshi KUWABARA, Auteur ; Yukiko KANO, Auteur ; Hisami NISHIDA, Auteur ; Toshiro SUGIYAMA, Auteur ; Nobumasa KATO, Auteur ; Chia-Hsiang CHEN, Auteur ; Norio MORI, Auteur ; Kazuo YAMADA, Auteur ; Takeo YOSHIKAWA, Auteur ; Kiyoto KASAI, Auteur ; Katsushi TOKUNAGA, Auteur ; Tsukasa SASAKI, Auteur ; Susan Shur-Fen GAU, Auteur . - p.340-349. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 9-3 (March 2016) . - p.340-349 Mots-clés : autism  autism spectrum disorder  genome-wide association study  genetics  common variation Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism spectrum disorder is a heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorder with strong genetic basis. To identify common genetic variations conferring the risk of ASD, we performed a two-stage genome-wide association study using ASD family and healthy control samples obtained from East Asian populations. A total of 166 ASD families (n?=?500) and 642 healthy controls from the Japanese population were used as the discovery cohort. Approximately 900,000 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were genotyped using Affymetrix Genome-Wide Human SNP array 6.0 chips. In the replication stage, 205 Japanese ASD cases and 184 healthy controls, as well as 418 Chinese Han trios (n?=?1,254), were genotyped by TaqMan platform. Case–control analysis, family based association test, and transmission/disequilibrium test (TDT) were then conducted to test the association. In the discovery stage, significant associations were suggested for 14 loci, including 5 known ASD candidate genes: GPC6, JARID2, YTHDC2, CNTN4, and CSMD1. In addition, significant associations were identified for several novel genes with intriguing functions, such as JPH3, PTPRD, CUX1, and RIT2. After a meta-analysis combining the Japanese replication samples, the strongest signal was found at rs16976358 (P?=?6.04 × 10?7), which is located near the RIT2 gene. In summary, our results provide independent support to known ASD candidate genes and highlight a number of novel genes warranted to be further investigated in a larger sample set in an effort to improve our understanding of the genetic basis of ASD. Autism Res 2016, 9: 340–349. © 2015 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1536 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=285

Altered Striatal Synaptic Function and Abnormal Behaviour in Shank3 Exon4-9 Deletion Mouse Model of Autism / Thomas C. JARAMILLO in Autism Research, 9-3 (March 2016)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 9-3 (March 2016) . - p.350-375 Titre : Altered Striatal Synaptic Function and Abnormal Behaviour in Shank3 Exon4-9 Deletion Mouse Model of Autism Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Thomas C. JARAMILLO, Auteur ; Haley E. SPEED, Auteur ; Zhong XUAN, Auteur ; Jeremy M. REIMERS, Auteur ; Shunan LIU, Auteur ; Craig M. POWELL, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.350-375 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  Shank3  Phelan-McDermid syndrome  mouse model  grooming Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Shank3 is a multi-domain, synaptic scaffolding protein that organizes proteins in the postsynaptic density of excitatory synapses. Clinical studies suggest that ?0.5% of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) cases may involve SHANK3 mutation/deletion. Patients with SHANK3 mutations exhibit deficits in cognition along with delayed/impaired speech/language and repetitive and obsessive/compulsive-like (OCD-like) behaviors. To examine how mutation/deletion of SHANK3 might alter brain function leading to ASD, we have independently created mice with deletion of Shank3 exons 4-9, a region implicated in ASD patients. We find that homozygous deletion of exons 4-9 (Shank3e4-9 KO) results in loss of the two highest molecular weight isoforms of Shank3 and a significant reduction in other isoforms. Behaviorally, both Shank3e4-9 heterozygous (HET) and Shank3e4-9 KO mice display increased repetitive grooming, deficits in novel and spatial object recognition learning and memory, and abnormal ultrasonic vocalizations. Shank3e4-9 KO mice also display abnormal social interaction when paired with one another. Analysis of synaptosome fractions from striata of Shank3e4-9 KO mice reveals decreased Homer1b/c, GluA2, and GluA3 expression. Both Shank3e4-9 HET and KO demonstrated a significant reduction in NMDA/AMPA ratio at excitatory synapses onto striatal medium spiny neurons. Furthermore, Shank3e4-9 KO mice displayed reduced hippocampal LTP despite normal baseline synaptic transmission. Collectively these behavioral, biochemical and physiological changes suggest Shank3 isoforms have region-specific roles in regulation of AMPAR subunit localization and NMDAR function in the Shank3e4-9 mutant mouse model of autism. Autism Res 2016, 9: 350–375. © 2015 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1529 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=285 [article] Altered Striatal Synaptic Function and Abnormal Behaviour in Shank3 Exon4-9 Deletion Mouse Model of Autism [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Thomas C. JARAMILLO, Auteur ; Haley E. SPEED, Auteur ; Zhong XUAN, Auteur ; Jeremy M. REIMERS, Auteur ; Shunan LIU, Auteur ; Craig M. POWELL, Auteur . - p.350-375. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 9-3 (March 2016) . - p.350-375 Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  Shank3  Phelan-McDermid syndrome  mouse model  grooming Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Shank3 is a multi-domain, synaptic scaffolding protein that organizes proteins in the postsynaptic density of excitatory synapses. Clinical studies suggest that ?0.5% of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) cases may involve SHANK3 mutation/deletion. Patients with SHANK3 mutations exhibit deficits in cognition along with delayed/impaired speech/language and repetitive and obsessive/compulsive-like (OCD-like) behaviors. To examine how mutation/deletion of SHANK3 might alter brain function leading to ASD, we have independently created mice with deletion of Shank3 exons 4-9, a region implicated in ASD patients. We find that homozygous deletion of exons 4-9 (Shank3e4-9 KO) results in loss of the two highest molecular weight isoforms of Shank3 and a significant reduction in other isoforms. Behaviorally, both Shank3e4-9 heterozygous (HET) and Shank3e4-9 KO mice display increased repetitive grooming, deficits in novel and spatial object recognition learning and memory, and abnormal ultrasonic vocalizations. Shank3e4-9 KO mice also display abnormal social interaction when paired with one another. Analysis of synaptosome fractions from striata of Shank3e4-9 KO mice reveals decreased Homer1b/c, GluA2, and GluA3 expression. Both Shank3e4-9 HET and KO demonstrated a significant reduction in NMDA/AMPA ratio at excitatory synapses onto striatal medium spiny neurons. Furthermore, Shank3e4-9 KO mice displayed reduced hippocampal LTP despite normal baseline synaptic transmission. Collectively these behavioral, biochemical and physiological changes suggest Shank3 isoforms have region-specific roles in regulation of AMPAR subunit localization and NMDAR function in the Shank3e4-9 mutant mouse model of autism. Autism Res 2016, 9: 350–375. © 2015 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1529 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=285

Clinical Pattern of Autism in Nigeria / Doris N. IZUWAH in Autism Research, 9-3 (March 2016)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 9-3 (March 2016) . - p.376-381 Titre : Clinical Pattern of Autism in Nigeria Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Doris N. IZUWAH, Auteur ; Boma A. N. OKOH, Auteur ; Edward A. D. ALIKOR, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.376-381 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism  clinical presentation  comorbidities  diagnosis  Nigeria Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism, a global disorder has been widely studied in the Western world. However, there are limited studies on its occurrence, risk factors, and presentation in developing countries such as Nigeria. This retrospective study highlights the pattern of presentation of autism and presence of some risk factors in 75 Nigerian cases referred to a private autism center. The diagnosis of autism was made using Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition (DSM IV), International Classification of Diseases Fourth edition, the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers, Autism Treatment Evaluation Checklist, and Childhood Autism Rating Scale. There were 60 males and 15 females with a male to female ratio of 4:1. The mean age at presentation to the center was 6.87?±?4.20 years and majority (91.9%) belonged to a high socioeconomic class. Already established risk factors, clinical features, and comorbidities of autism present among the study group were similar to findings in individuals with autism in other parts of the world. Autism Res 2016, 9: 376–381. © 2015 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1531 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=285 [article] Clinical Pattern of Autism in Nigeria [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Doris N. IZUWAH, Auteur ; Boma A. N. OKOH, Auteur ; Edward A. D. ALIKOR, Auteur . - p.376-381. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 9-3 (March 2016) . - p.376-381 Mots-clés : autism  clinical presentation  comorbidities  diagnosis  Nigeria Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism, a global disorder has been widely studied in the Western world. However, there are limited studies on its occurrence, risk factors, and presentation in developing countries such as Nigeria. This retrospective study highlights the pattern of presentation of autism and presence of some risk factors in 75 Nigerian cases referred to a private autism center. The diagnosis of autism was made using Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition (DSM IV), International Classification of Diseases Fourth edition, the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers, Autism Treatment Evaluation Checklist, and Childhood Autism Rating Scale. There were 60 males and 15 females with a male to female ratio of 4:1. The mean age at presentation to the center was 6.87?±?4.20 years and majority (91.9%) belonged to a high socioeconomic class. Already established risk factors, clinical features, and comorbidities of autism present among the study group were similar to findings in individuals with autism in other parts of the world. Autism Res 2016, 9: 376–381. © 2015 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1531 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=285

Lateralization of Brain Networks and Clinical Severity in Toddlers with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A HARDI Diffusion MRI Study / Eugenia CONTI in Autism Research, 9-3 (March 2016)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 9-3 (March 2016) . - p.382-392 Titre : Lateralization of Brain Networks and Clinical Severity in Toddlers with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A HARDI Diffusion MRI Study Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Eugenia CONTI, Auteur ; Sara CALDERONI, Auteur ; Anna GAGLIANESE, Auteur ; Kerstin PANNEK, Auteur ; Sara MAZZOTTI, Auteur ; Stephen ROSE, Auteur ; Danilo SCELFO, Auteur ; Michela TOSETTI, Auteur ; Filippo MURATORI, Auteur ; Giovanni CIONI, Auteur ; Andrea GUZZETTA, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.382-392 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism  autism spectrum disorder  diffusion imaging  high-angular-resolution diffusion imaging  whole brain tractography  toddlers  brain lateralization  cerebral lateralization Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Recent diffusion tensor imaging studies in adolescents and children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) have reported a loss or an inversion of the typical left–right lateralization in fronto-temporal regions crucial for sociocommunicative skills. No studies explored atypical lateralization in toddlers and its correlation with clinical severity of ASD. We recruited a cohort of 20 subjects aged 36 months or younger receiving a first clinical diagnosis of ASD (15 males; age range 20–36 months). Patients underwent diffusion MRI (High-Angular-Resolution Diffusion Imaging protocol). Data from cortical parcellation were combined with tractography to obtain a connection matrix and diffusion indexes (DI) including mean fractional anisotropy (DFA), number of tracts (DNUM), and total tract length (DTTL). A laterality index was generated for each measure, and then correlated with the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule-Generic (ADOS-G) total score. Laterality indexes of DFA were significantly correlated with ADOS-G total scores only in two intrafrontal connected areas (correlation was positive in one case and negative in the other). Laterality indexes of DTTL and DNUM showed significant negative correlations (P? En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1533 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=285 [article] Lateralization of Brain Networks and Clinical Severity in Toddlers with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A HARDI Diffusion MRI Study [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Eugenia CONTI, Auteur ; Sara CALDERONI, Auteur ; Anna GAGLIANESE, Auteur ; Kerstin PANNEK, Auteur ; Sara MAZZOTTI, Auteur ; Stephen ROSE, Auteur ; Danilo SCELFO, Auteur ; Michela TOSETTI, Auteur ; Filippo MURATORI, Auteur ; Giovanni CIONI, Auteur ; Andrea GUZZETTA, Auteur . - p.382-392. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 9-3 (March 2016) . - p.382-392 Mots-clés : autism  autism spectrum disorder  diffusion imaging  high-angular-resolution diffusion imaging  whole brain tractography  toddlers  brain lateralization  cerebral lateralization Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Recent diffusion tensor imaging studies in adolescents and children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) have reported a loss or an inversion of the typical left–right lateralization in fronto-temporal regions crucial for sociocommunicative skills. No studies explored atypical lateralization in toddlers and its correlation with clinical severity of ASD. We recruited a cohort of 20 subjects aged 36 months or younger receiving a first clinical diagnosis of ASD (15 males; age range 20–36 months). Patients underwent diffusion MRI (High-Angular-Resolution Diffusion Imaging protocol). Data from cortical parcellation were combined with tractography to obtain a connection matrix and diffusion indexes (DI) including mean fractional anisotropy (DFA), number of tracts (DNUM), and total tract length (DTTL). A laterality index was generated for each measure, and then correlated with the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule-Generic (ADOS-G) total score. Laterality indexes of DFA were significantly correlated with ADOS-G total scores only in two intrafrontal connected areas (correlation was positive in one case and negative in the other). Laterality indexes of DTTL and DNUM showed significant negative correlations (P? En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1533 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=285

Over-Responsiveness and Greater Variability in Roughness Perception in Autism / Sarah M. HAIGH in Autism Research, 9-3 (March 2016)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 9-3 (March 2016) . - p.393-402 Titre : Over-Responsiveness and Greater Variability in Roughness Perception in Autism Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Sarah M. HAIGH, Auteur ; Nancy MINSHEW, Auteur ; David J. HEEGER, Auteur ; Ilan DINSTEIN, Auteur ; Marlene BEHRMANN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.393-402 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism  tactile  variability  sensory hypersensitivity Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Although sensory problems, including tactile hypersensitivity and hyposensitivity (DSM-5) are commonly associated with autism, there is a dearth of systematic and rigorous research in this domain. Here, we report findings from a psychophysical experiment that explored differences in tactile perception between individuals with autism and typically developing control participants, who, using their index finger, rated a series of surfaces on the extent of their roughness. Each surface was rated multiple times and we calculated both the average rating and the variability across trials. Relative to controls, the individuals with autism perceived the surfaces as rougher overall and exhibited greater variability in their ratings across trials. These findings characterize altered tactile perception in autism and suggest that sensory problems in autism may be the product of overly responsive and variable sensory processing. Autism Res 2016, 9: 393–402. © 2015 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1505 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=285 [article] Over-Responsiveness and Greater Variability in Roughness Perception in Autism [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Sarah M. HAIGH, Auteur ; Nancy MINSHEW, Auteur ; David J. HEEGER, Auteur ; Ilan DINSTEIN, Auteur ; Marlene BEHRMANN, Auteur . - p.393-402. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 9-3 (March 2016) . - p.393-402 Mots-clés : autism  tactile  variability  sensory hypersensitivity Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Although sensory problems, including tactile hypersensitivity and hyposensitivity (DSM-5) are commonly associated with autism, there is a dearth of systematic and rigorous research in this domain. Here, we report findings from a psychophysical experiment that explored differences in tactile perception between individuals with autism and typically developing control participants, who, using their index finger, rated a series of surfaces on the extent of their roughness. Each surface was rated multiple times and we calculated both the average rating and the variability across trials. Relative to controls, the individuals with autism perceived the surfaces as rougher overall and exhibited greater variability in their ratings across trials. These findings characterize altered tactile perception in autism and suggest that sensory problems in autism may be the product of overly responsive and variable sensory processing. Autism Res 2016, 9: 393–402. © 2015 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1505 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=285

Reduced Efficiency and Capacity of Cognitive Control in Autism Spectrum Disorder / Melissa-Ann MACKIE in Autism Research, 9-3 (March 2016)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 9-3 (March 2016) . - p.403-414 Titre : Reduced Efficiency and Capacity of Cognitive Control in Autism Spectrum Disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Melissa-Ann MACKIE, Auteur ; Jin FAN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.403-414 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism  cognitive control  information processing  information theory  executive functions Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Cognitive control constrains mental operations to prioritize information that reaches conscious awareness and is essential to flexible, adaptive behavior under conditions of uncertainty. Cognitive control can be compromised by neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD), which is characterized by the presence of social and communicative deficits, and restricted interests/repetitive behaviors. Although prior investigations have attempted to elucidate the nature of cognitive control in ASD, whether there is an underlying information processing deficit associated with cognitive control remains unclear. This study challenged cognitive control in 15 high-functioning adults with ASD and 15 typically developing (TD) controls using three novel tasks designed to systematically manipulate uncertainty. We aimed to investigate the efficiency of cognitive control in sequential information processing, cognitive control of nonsequential information processing across a range of cognitive loads and cognitive control capacity under time constraint. Results demonstrated that the ASD group performed less efficiently on sequential and nonsequential information processing, and had reduced cognitive control capacity under time constraint relative to the TD group. These findings suggest that inefficient cognitive control of information processing may be a fundamental deficit in ASD. Autism Res 2016, 9: 403–414. © 2015 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1517 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=285 [article] Reduced Efficiency and Capacity of Cognitive Control in Autism Spectrum Disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Melissa-Ann MACKIE, Auteur ; Jin FAN, Auteur . - p.403-414. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 9-3 (March 2016) . - p.403-414 Mots-clés : autism  cognitive control  information processing  information theory  executive functions Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Cognitive control constrains mental operations to prioritize information that reaches conscious awareness and is essential to flexible, adaptive behavior under conditions of uncertainty. Cognitive control can be compromised by neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD), which is characterized by the presence of social and communicative deficits, and restricted interests/repetitive behaviors. Although prior investigations have attempted to elucidate the nature of cognitive control in ASD, whether there is an underlying information processing deficit associated with cognitive control remains unclear. This study challenged cognitive control in 15 high-functioning adults with ASD and 15 typically developing (TD) controls using three novel tasks designed to systematically manipulate uncertainty. We aimed to investigate the efficiency of cognitive control in sequential information processing, cognitive control of nonsequential information processing across a range of cognitive loads and cognitive control capacity under time constraint. Results demonstrated that the ASD group performed less efficiently on sequential and nonsequential information processing, and had reduced cognitive control capacity under time constraint relative to the TD group. These findings suggest that inefficient cognitive control of information processing may be a fundamental deficit in ASD. Autism Res 2016, 9: 403–414. © 2015 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1517 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=285

Scientific Summaries for Families with ASD in Autism Research, 9-3 (March 2016)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 9-3 (March 2016) . - p.415-417 Titre : Scientific Summaries for Families with ASD Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Article en page(s) : p.415-417 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1627 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=285 [article] Scientific Summaries for Families with ASD [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] . - p.415-417. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 9-3 (March 2016) . - p.415-417 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1627 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=285

International Society For Autism Research News in Autism Research, 9-3 (March 2016)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 9-3 (March 2016) . - p.418-418 Titre : International Society For Autism Research News Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Article en page(s) : p.418-418 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1628 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=285 [article] International Society For Autism Research News [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] . - p.418-418. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 9-3 (March 2016) . - p.418-418 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1628 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=285