Children with autism spectrum disorder spontaneously use scene knowledge to modulate visual object processing / Lien VAN EYLEN in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 7-7 (July 2013)  

Public ISBD [article]  inResearch in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 7-7 (July 2013) . - p.913-922 Titre : Children with autism spectrum disorder spontaneously use scene knowledge to modulate visual object processing Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Lien VAN EYLEN, Auteur ; Peter DE GRAEF, Auteur ; Jean STEYAERT, Auteur ; Johan WAGEMANS, Auteur ; Ilse L.J. NOENS, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.913-922 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorders  Weak central coherence  Context effects  Scene perception  Eye-movements Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Several studies have investigated contextual influences on visual object processing in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and failed to find reduced context effects. However, these studies did not properly account for local inter-object effects and/or the influence of post-perceptual processes, leaving it unclear whether individuals with ASD display equally large global top-down effects of context, or whether they rely on a more local mechanism producing the same result. In this study, an eye-movement paradigm was used to investigate implicitly induced context effects on visual object processing in children with ASD compared to matched controls. To find out whether the context effects in the ASD group were, to the same extent, due to early top-down influences on object recognition, we also examined the interaction between context effects and the ease of object recognition. Both groups displayed equally large context effects and congruent contextual information facilitated object recognition to the same extent in both groups. This indicates that the context effects in the ASD group did not result from the operation of a more local, less top-down mechanism. These findings contradict predictions based on the weak central coherence account. However, a good alternative to explain all inconsistencies is currently lacking. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2013.04.005 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=199 [article] Children with autism spectrum disorder spontaneously use scene knowledge to modulate visual object processing [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Lien VAN EYLEN, Auteur ; Peter DE GRAEF, Auteur ; Jean STEYAERT, Auteur ; Johan WAGEMANS, Auteur ; Ilse L.J. NOENS, Auteur . - p.913-922. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 7-7 (July 2013) . - p.913-922 Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorders  Weak central coherence  Context effects  Scene perception  Eye-movements Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Several studies have investigated contextual influences on visual object processing in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and failed to find reduced context effects. However, these studies did not properly account for local inter-object effects and/or the influence of post-perceptual processes, leaving it unclear whether individuals with ASD display equally large global top-down effects of context, or whether they rely on a more local mechanism producing the same result. In this study, an eye-movement paradigm was used to investigate implicitly induced context effects on visual object processing in children with ASD compared to matched controls. To find out whether the context effects in the ASD group were, to the same extent, due to early top-down influences on object recognition, we also examined the interaction between context effects and the ease of object recognition. Both groups displayed equally large context effects and congruent contextual information facilitated object recognition to the same extent in both groups. This indicates that the context effects in the ASD group did not result from the operation of a more local, less top-down mechanism. These findings contradict predictions based on the weak central coherence account. However, a good alternative to explain all inconsistencies is currently lacking. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2013.04.005 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=199

Cognitive flexibility in autism spectrum disorder: Explaining the inconsistencies? / Lien VAN EYLEN in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 5-4 (October-December 2011)  

Public ISBD [article]  inResearch in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 5-4 (October-December 2011) . - p.1390-1401 Titre : Cognitive flexibility in autism spectrum disorder: Explaining the inconsistencies? Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Lien VAN EYLEN, Auteur ; Bart BOETS, Auteur ; Jean STEYAERT, Auteur ; Kris EVERS, Auteur ; Johan WAGEMANS, Auteur ; Ilse L.J. NOENS, Auteur Année de publication : 2011 Article en page(s) : p.1390-1401 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorders  Cognitive flexibility  Task-switching  Wisconsin Card Sorting Task  Disengagement  Task instructions Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The Wisconsin Card Sorting Task (WCST) is the only cognitive flexibility task that has consistently shown deficits in individuals with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD). As this is the only task characterized by limited explicit task instructions and a high degree of disengagement required to perform the switch, we hypothesized that cognitive flexibility deficits of individuals with ASD might only become apparent in situations fulfilling these requirements. However, the WCST involves various additional cognitive processes besides switching, making it uncertain whether difficulties are indeed due to cognitive flexibility impairments. The aim of this study was to investigate whether individuals with ASD show cognitive flexibility impairments on a more controlled task-switching variant of the WCST, still fulfilling both requirements. We therefore developed such a task and administered it to 40 high-functioning children with ASD and 40 age- and IQ- matched typically developing controls. As predicted, individuals with ASD made more perseveration errors and had a significantly higher switch cost than typically developing controls, but they performed equally well on the control measures. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2011.01.025 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=125 [article] Cognitive flexibility in autism spectrum disorder: Explaining the inconsistencies? [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Lien VAN EYLEN, Auteur ; Bart BOETS, Auteur ; Jean STEYAERT, Auteur ; Kris EVERS, Auteur ; Johan WAGEMANS, Auteur ; Ilse L.J. NOENS, Auteur . - 2011 . - p.1390-1401. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 5-4 (October-December 2011) . - p.1390-1401 Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorders  Cognitive flexibility  Task-switching  Wisconsin Card Sorting Task  Disengagement  Task instructions Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The Wisconsin Card Sorting Task (WCST) is the only cognitive flexibility task that has consistently shown deficits in individuals with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD). As this is the only task characterized by limited explicit task instructions and a high degree of disengagement required to perform the switch, we hypothesized that cognitive flexibility deficits of individuals with ASD might only become apparent in situations fulfilling these requirements. However, the WCST involves various additional cognitive processes besides switching, making it uncertain whether difficulties are indeed due to cognitive flexibility impairments. The aim of this study was to investigate whether individuals with ASD show cognitive flexibility impairments on a more controlled task-switching variant of the WCST, still fulfilling both requirements. We therefore developed such a task and administered it to 40 high-functioning children with ASD and 40 age- and IQ- matched typically developing controls. As predicted, individuals with ASD made more perseveration errors and had a significantly higher switch cost than typically developing controls, but they performed equally well on the control measures. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2011.01.025 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=125

Corrigendum to “Cognitive flexibility in autism spectrum disorder: Explaining the inconsistencies?” [Res. Autism Spectr. Disord. 5 (2011) 1390–1401] / Lien VAN EYLEN in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 23 (March 2016)  

Public ISBD [article]  inResearch in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 23 (March 2016) . - p.245 Titre : Corrigendum to “Cognitive flexibility in autism spectrum disorder: Explaining the inconsistencies?” [Res. Autism Spectr. Disord. 5 (2011) 1390–1401] Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Lien VAN EYLEN, Auteur ; Bart BOETS, Auteur ; Jean STEYAERT, Auteur ; Kris EVERS, Auteur ; Johan WAGEMANS, Auteur ; Ilse NOENS, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.245 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2016.01.008 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=283 [article] Corrigendum to “Cognitive flexibility in autism spectrum disorder: Explaining the inconsistencies?” [Res. Autism Spectr. Disord. 5 (2011) 1390–1401] [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Lien VAN EYLEN, Auteur ; Bart BOETS, Auteur ; Jean STEYAERT, Auteur ; Kris EVERS, Auteur ; Johan WAGEMANS, Auteur ; Ilse NOENS, Auteur . - p.245. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 23 (March 2016) . - p.245 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2016.01.008 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=283

Executive functioning and local-global visual processing: candidate endophenotypes for autism spectrum disorder? / Lien VAN EYLEN in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 58-3 (March 2017)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 58-3 (March 2017) . - p.258-269 Titre : Executive functioning and local-global visual processing: candidate endophenotypes for autism spectrum disorder? Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Lien VAN EYLEN, Auteur ; Bart BOETS, Auteur ; Nele COSEMANS, Auteur ; Hilde PEETERS, Auteur ; Jean STEYAERT, Auteur ; Johan WAGEMANS, Auteur ; Ilse NOENS, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.258-269 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder  relatives  intermediate phenotype  executive functioning  central coherence Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Heterogeneity within autism spectrum disorder (ASD) hampers insight in the etiology and stimulates the search for endophenotypes. Endophenotypes should meet several criteria, the most important being the association with ASD and the higher occurrence rate in unaffected ASD relatives than in the general population. We evaluated these criteria for executive functioning (EF) and local-global (L-G) visual processing. Methods By administering an extensive cognitive battery which increases the validity of the measures, we examined which of the cognitive anomalies shown by ASD probands also occur in their unaffected relatives (n = 113) compared to typically developing (TD) controls (n = 100). Microarrays were performed, so we could exclude relatives from probands with a de novo mutation in a known ASD susceptibility copy number variant, thus increasing the probability that genetic risk variants are shared by the ASD relatives. An overview of studies investigating EF and L-G processing in ASD relatives was also provided. Results For EF, ASD relatives – like ASD probands – showed impairments in response inhibition, cognitive flexibility and generativity (specifically, ideational fluency), and EF impairments in daily life. For L-G visual processing, the ASD relatives showed no anomalies on the tasks, but they reported more attention to detail in daily life. Group differences were similar for siblings and for parents of ASD probands, and yielded larger effect sizes in a multiplex subsample. The group effect sizes for the comparison between ASD probands and TD individuals were generally larger than those of the ASD relatives compared to TD individuals. Conclusions Impaired cognitive flexibility, ideational fluency and response inhibition are strong candidate endophenotypes for ASD. They could help to delineate etiologically more homogeneous subgroups, which is clinically important to allow assigning ASD probands to different, more targeted, interventions. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12637 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=303 [article] Executive functioning and local-global visual processing: candidate endophenotypes for autism spectrum disorder? [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Lien VAN EYLEN, Auteur ; Bart BOETS, Auteur ; Nele COSEMANS, Auteur ; Hilde PEETERS, Auteur ; Jean STEYAERT, Auteur ; Johan WAGEMANS, Auteur ; Ilse NOENS, Auteur . - p.258-269. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 58-3 (March 2017) . - p.258-269 Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder  relatives  intermediate phenotype  executive functioning  central coherence Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Heterogeneity within autism spectrum disorder (ASD) hampers insight in the etiology and stimulates the search for endophenotypes. Endophenotypes should meet several criteria, the most important being the association with ASD and the higher occurrence rate in unaffected ASD relatives than in the general population. We evaluated these criteria for executive functioning (EF) and local-global (L-G) visual processing. Methods By administering an extensive cognitive battery which increases the validity of the measures, we examined which of the cognitive anomalies shown by ASD probands also occur in their unaffected relatives (n = 113) compared to typically developing (TD) controls (n = 100). Microarrays were performed, so we could exclude relatives from probands with a de novo mutation in a known ASD susceptibility copy number variant, thus increasing the probability that genetic risk variants are shared by the ASD relatives. An overview of studies investigating EF and L-G processing in ASD relatives was also provided. Results For EF, ASD relatives – like ASD probands – showed impairments in response inhibition, cognitive flexibility and generativity (specifically, ideational fluency), and EF impairments in daily life. For L-G visual processing, the ASD relatives showed no anomalies on the tasks, but they reported more attention to detail in daily life. Group differences were similar for siblings and for parents of ASD probands, and yielded larger effect sizes in a multiplex subsample. The group effect sizes for the comparison between ASD probands and TD individuals were generally larger than those of the ASD relatives compared to TD individuals. Conclusions Impaired cognitive flexibility, ideational fluency and response inhibition are strong candidate endophenotypes for ASD. They could help to delineate etiologically more homogeneous subgroups, which is clinically important to allow assigning ASD probands to different, more targeted, interventions. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12637 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=303

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