Atypical Processing of Gaze Cues and Faces Explains Comorbidity between Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) / Madeleine J. GROOM in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 47-5 (May 2017)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 47-5 (May 2017) . - p.1496-1509 Titre : Atypical Processing of Gaze Cues and Faces Explains Comorbidity between Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Madeleine J. GROOM, Auteur ; Puja KOCHHAR, Auteur ; Antonia HAMILTON, Auteur ; Elizabeth B. LIDDLE, Auteur ; Marina SIMEOU, Auteur ; Chris HOLLIS, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1496-1509 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : ASD  ADHD  ERPs  Comorbidity  Gaze cueing  Face processing Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This study investigated the neurobiological basis of comorbidity between autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). We compared children with ASD, ADHD or ADHD+ASD and typically developing controls (CTRL) on behavioural and electrophysiological correlates of gaze cue and face processing. We measured effects of ASD, ADHD and their interaction on the EDAN, an ERP marker of orienting visual attention towards a spatially cued location and the N170, a right-hemisphere lateralised ERP linked to face processing. We identified atypical gaze cue and face processing in children with ASD and ADHD+ASD compared with the ADHD and CTRL groups. The findings indicate a neurobiological basis for the presence of comorbid ASD symptoms in ADHD. Further research using larger samples is needed. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-017-3078-4 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=305 [article] Atypical Processing of Gaze Cues and Faces Explains Comorbidity between Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Madeleine J. GROOM, Auteur ; Puja KOCHHAR, Auteur ; Antonia HAMILTON, Auteur ; Elizabeth B. LIDDLE, Auteur ; Marina SIMEOU, Auteur ; Chris HOLLIS, Auteur . - p.1496-1509. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 47-5 (May 2017) . - p.1496-1509 Mots-clés : ASD  ADHD  ERPs  Comorbidity  Gaze cueing  Face processing Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This study investigated the neurobiological basis of comorbidity between autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). We compared children with ASD, ADHD or ADHD+ASD and typically developing controls (CTRL) on behavioural and electrophysiological correlates of gaze cue and face processing. We measured effects of ASD, ADHD and their interaction on the EDAN, an ERP marker of orienting visual attention towards a spatially cued location and the N170, a right-hemisphere lateralised ERP linked to face processing. We identified atypical gaze cue and face processing in children with ASD and ADHD+ASD compared with the ADHD and CTRL groups. The findings indicate a neurobiological basis for the presence of comorbid ASD symptoms in ADHD. Further research using larger samples is needed. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-017-3078-4 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=305

Motivational incentives and methylphenidate enhance electrophysiological correlates of error monitoring in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder / Madeleine J. GROOM in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 54-8 (August 2013)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 54-8 (August 2013) . - p.836-845 Titre : Motivational incentives and methylphenidate enhance electrophysiological correlates of error monitoring in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Madeleine J. GROOM, Auteur ; Elizabeth B. LIDDLE, Auteur ; Gaia SCERIF, Auteur ; Peter F. LIDDLE, Auteur ; Martin J. BATTY, Auteur ; Mario LIOTTI, Auteur ; Chris HOLLIS, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.836-845 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : ADHD  electrophysiology  error monitoring  motivation  methylphenidate  stimulant medication Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are characterised by developmentally inappropriate levels of hyperactivity, impulsivity and/or inattention and are particularly impaired when performing tasks that require a high level of cognitive control. Methylphenidate (MPH) and motivational incentives may help improve cognitive control by enhancing the ability to monitor response accuracy and regulate performance accordingly. Methods Twenty-eight children with DSM-IV ADHD (combined type) aged 9–15 years and pairwise-matched typically developing children (CTRL) performed a go/no-go task in which the incentives attached to performance on no-go trials were manipulated. The ADHD group performed the task off and on their usual dose of MPH. CTRL children performed the task twice but were never medicated. EEG data were recorded simultaneously and two electrophysiological indices of error monitoring, the error-related negativity (ERN) and error positivity (Pe) were measured. Amplitudes of each ERP were compared between diagnostic groups (CTRL, ADHD), medication days (Off MPH, On MPH) and motivational conditions (baseline – low incentive, reward, response cost). Results Error rates were lower in the reward and response cost conditions compared with baseline across diagnostic groups and medication days. ERN and Pe amplitudes were significantly reduced in ADHD compared with CTRL, and were significantly enhanced by MPH. Incentives significantly increased ERN and Pe amplitudes in the ADHD group but had no effect in CTRL. The effects of incentives did not interact with the effects of MPH on either ERP. Effect sizes were computed and revealed larger effects of MPH than incentives on ERN and Pe amplitudes. Conclusions The findings reveal independent effects of motivational incentives and MPH on two electrophysiological markers of error monitoring in children with ADHD, suggesting that each may be important tools for enhancing or restoring cognitive control in these children. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12069 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=210 [article] Motivational incentives and methylphenidate enhance electrophysiological correlates of error monitoring in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Madeleine J. GROOM, Auteur ; Elizabeth B. LIDDLE, Auteur ; Gaia SCERIF, Auteur ; Peter F. LIDDLE, Auteur ; Martin J. BATTY, Auteur ; Mario LIOTTI, Auteur ; Chris HOLLIS, Auteur . - p.836-845. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 54-8 (August 2013) . - p.836-845 Mots-clés : ADHD  electrophysiology  error monitoring  motivation  methylphenidate  stimulant medication Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are characterised by developmentally inappropriate levels of hyperactivity, impulsivity and/or inattention and are particularly impaired when performing tasks that require a high level of cognitive control. Methylphenidate (MPH) and motivational incentives may help improve cognitive control by enhancing the ability to monitor response accuracy and regulate performance accordingly. Methods Twenty-eight children with DSM-IV ADHD (combined type) aged 9–15 years and pairwise-matched typically developing children (CTRL) performed a go/no-go task in which the incentives attached to performance on no-go trials were manipulated. The ADHD group performed the task off and on their usual dose of MPH. CTRL children performed the task twice but were never medicated. EEG data were recorded simultaneously and two electrophysiological indices of error monitoring, the error-related negativity (ERN) and error positivity (Pe) were measured. Amplitudes of each ERP were compared between diagnostic groups (CTRL, ADHD), medication days (Off MPH, On MPH) and motivational conditions (baseline – low incentive, reward, response cost). Results Error rates were lower in the reward and response cost conditions compared with baseline across diagnostic groups and medication days. ERN and Pe amplitudes were significantly reduced in ADHD compared with CTRL, and were significantly enhanced by MPH. Incentives significantly increased ERN and Pe amplitudes in the ADHD group but had no effect in CTRL. The effects of incentives did not interact with the effects of MPH on either ERP. Effect sizes were computed and revealed larger effects of MPH than incentives on ERN and Pe amplitudes. Conclusions The findings reveal independent effects of motivational incentives and MPH on two electrophysiological markers of error monitoring in children with ADHD, suggesting that each may be important tools for enhancing or restoring cognitive control in these children. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12069 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=210

Task-related default mode network modulation and inhibitory control in ADHD: effects of motivation and methylphenidate / Elizabeth B. LIDDLE in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 52-7 (July 2011)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 52-7 (July 2011) . - p.761-771 Titre : Task-related default mode network modulation and inhibitory control in ADHD: effects of motivation and methylphenidate Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Elizabeth B. LIDDLE, Auteur ; Chris HOLLIS, Auteur ; Martin J. BATTY, Auteur ; Madeleine J. GROOM, Auteur ; John J. TOTMAN, Auteur ; Mario LIOTTI, Auteur ; Gaia SCERIF, Auteur ; Peter F. LIDDLE, Auteur Année de publication : 2011 Article en page(s) : p.761-771 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder  default mode network  inhibitory control  motivation  methylphenidate Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background:  Deficits characteristic of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), including poor attention and inhibitory control, are at least partially alleviated by factors that increase engagement of attention, suggesting a hypodopaminergic reward deficit. Lapses of attention are associated with attenuated deactivation of the default mode network (DMN), a distributed brain system normally deactivated during tasks requiring attention to the external world. Task-related DMN deactivation has been shown to be attenuated in ADHD relative to controls. We hypothesised that motivational incentives to balance speed against restraint would increase task engagement during an inhibitory control task, enhancing DMN deactivation in ADHD. We also hypothesised that methylphenidate, an indirect dopamine agonist, would tend to normalise abnormal patterns of DMN deactivation. Method:  We obtained functional magnetic resonance images from 18 methylphenidate-responsive children with ADHD (DSM-IV combined subtype) and 18 pairwise-matched typically developing children aged 9–15 years while they performed a paced Go/No-go task. We manipulated motivational incentive to balance response speed against inhibitory control, and tested children with ADHD both on and off methylphenidate. Results:  When children with ADHD were off-methylphenidate and task incentive was low, event-related DMN deactivation was significantly attenuated compared to controls, but the two groups did not differ under high motivational incentives. The modulation of DMN deactivation by incentive in the children with ADHD, off-methylphenidate, was statistically significant, and significantly greater than in typically developing children. When children with ADHD were on-methylphenidate, motivational modulation of event-related DMN deactivation was abolished, and no attenuation relative to their typically developing peers was apparent in either motivational condition. Conclusions:  During an inhibitory control task, children with ADHD exhibit a raised motivational threshold at which task-relevant stimuli become sufficiently salient to deactivate the DMN. Treatment with methylphenidate normalises this threshold, rendering their pattern of task-related DMN deactivation indistinguishable from that of typically developing children. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2010.02333.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=126 [article] Task-related default mode network modulation and inhibitory control in ADHD: effects of motivation and methylphenidate [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Elizabeth B. LIDDLE, Auteur ; Chris HOLLIS, Auteur ; Martin J. BATTY, Auteur ; Madeleine J. GROOM, Auteur ; John J. TOTMAN, Auteur ; Mario LIOTTI, Auteur ; Gaia SCERIF, Auteur ; Peter F. LIDDLE, Auteur . - 2011 . - p.761-771. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 52-7 (July 2011) . - p.761-771 Mots-clés : Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder  default mode network  inhibitory control  motivation  methylphenidate Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background:  Deficits characteristic of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), including poor attention and inhibitory control, are at least partially alleviated by factors that increase engagement of attention, suggesting a hypodopaminergic reward deficit. Lapses of attention are associated with attenuated deactivation of the default mode network (DMN), a distributed brain system normally deactivated during tasks requiring attention to the external world. Task-related DMN deactivation has been shown to be attenuated in ADHD relative to controls. We hypothesised that motivational incentives to balance speed against restraint would increase task engagement during an inhibitory control task, enhancing DMN deactivation in ADHD. We also hypothesised that methylphenidate, an indirect dopamine agonist, would tend to normalise abnormal patterns of DMN deactivation. Method:  We obtained functional magnetic resonance images from 18 methylphenidate-responsive children with ADHD (DSM-IV combined subtype) and 18 pairwise-matched typically developing children aged 9–15 years while they performed a paced Go/No-go task. We manipulated motivational incentive to balance response speed against inhibitory control, and tested children with ADHD both on and off methylphenidate. Results:  When children with ADHD were off-methylphenidate and task incentive was low, event-related DMN deactivation was significantly attenuated compared to controls, but the two groups did not differ under high motivational incentives. The modulation of DMN deactivation by incentive in the children with ADHD, off-methylphenidate, was statistically significant, and significantly greater than in typically developing children. When children with ADHD were on-methylphenidate, motivational modulation of event-related DMN deactivation was abolished, and no attenuation relative to their typically developing peers was apparent in either motivational condition. Conclusions:  During an inhibitory control task, children with ADHD exhibit a raised motivational threshold at which task-relevant stimuli become sufficiently salient to deactivate the DMN. Treatment with methylphenidate normalises this threshold, rendering their pattern of task-related DMN deactivation indistinguishable from that of typically developing children. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2010.02333.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=126

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