Boys' serotonin transporter genotype affects maternal behavior through self-control: A case of evocative gene–environment correlation / Roni PENER-TESSLER in Development and Psychopathology, 25-1 (February 2013)  

Public ISBD [article]  inDevelopment and Psychopathology > 25-1 (February 2013) . - p.151-162 Titre : Boys' serotonin transporter genotype affects maternal behavior through self-control: A case of evocative gene–environment correlation Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Roni PENER-TESSLER, Auteur ; Reut AVINUN, Auteur ; Florina UZEFOVSKY, Auteur ; Shany EDELMAN, Auteur ; Richard P. EBSTEIN, Auteur ; Ariel KNAFO, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.151-162 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Self-control, involving processes such as delaying gratification, concentrating, planning, following instructions, and adapting emotions and behavior to situational requirements and social norms, may have a profound impact on children's adjustment. The importance of self-control suggests that parents are likely to modify their parenting based on children's ability for self-control. We study the effect of children's self-control, a trait partially molded by genetics, on their mothers' parenting, a process of evocative gene–environment correlation. Israeli 3.5-year-old twins (N = 320) participated in a lab session in which their mothers' parenting was observed. DNA was available from most children (N = 228). Mothers described children's self-control in a questionnaire. Boys were lower in self-control and received less positive parenting from their mothers, in comparison with girls. For boys, and not for girls, the serotonin transporter linked polymorphic region gene predicted mothers' levels of positive parenting, an effect mediated by boys' self-control. The implications of this evocative gene–environment correlation and the observed sex differences are discussed. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S095457941200096X Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=190 [article] Boys' serotonin transporter genotype affects maternal behavior through self-control: A case of evocative gene–environment correlation [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Roni PENER-TESSLER, Auteur ; Reut AVINUN, Auteur ; Florina UZEFOVSKY, Auteur ; Shany EDELMAN, Auteur ; Richard P. EBSTEIN, Auteur ; Ariel KNAFO, Auteur . - p.151-162. in Development and Psychopathology > 25-1 (February 2013) . - p.151-162 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Self-control, involving processes such as delaying gratification, concentrating, planning, following instructions, and adapting emotions and behavior to situational requirements and social norms, may have a profound impact on children's adjustment. The importance of self-control suggests that parents are likely to modify their parenting based on children's ability for self-control. We study the effect of children's self-control, a trait partially molded by genetics, on their mothers' parenting, a process of evocative gene–environment correlation. Israeli 3.5-year-old twins (N = 320) participated in a lab session in which their mothers' parenting was observed. DNA was available from most children (N = 228). Mothers described children's self-control in a questionnaire. Boys were lower in self-control and received less positive parenting from their mothers, in comparison with girls. For boys, and not for girls, the serotonin transporter linked polymorphic region gene predicted mothers' levels of positive parenting, an effect mediated by boys' self-control. The implications of this evocative gene–environment correlation and the observed sex differences are discussed. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S095457941200096X Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=190

Empathic disequilibrium in two different measures of empathy predicts autism traits in neurotypical population / Ido SHALEV in Molecular Autism, 11 (2020)  

Public ISBD [article]  inMolecular Autism > 11 (2020) . - 59 p. Titre : Empathic disequilibrium in two different measures of empathy predicts autism traits in neurotypical population Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Ido SHALEV, Auteur ; Florina UZEFOVSKY, Auteur Article en page(s) : 59 p. Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism  Broad autism phenotype  Cognitive empathy  Emotional empathy Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Features of autism spectrum conditions (ASC) are normally distributed within the population, giving rise to the notion of the autism spectrum. One of the hallmark features of ASC is difficulties in social communication, which relies heavily on our ability to empathize with others. Empathy comprises of both cognitive (CE) and emotional (EE) components that, together, allow us to understand another's emotions and be affected by them appropriately, while maintaining a self-other distinction. Although CE and EE depend on distinct neural and developmental trajectories, it was suggested that the two empathic capacities can influence, balance, and regulate each other. Previous findings regarding the role of emotional and cognitive empathy in ASC have been mixed. Therefore, our study aimed to investigate whether the intra-personal empathy imbalance between the cognitive and emotional components, a measure we termed empathic disequilibrium (ED), can be associated with autism traits at the neurotypical range. METHODS: Participants were 671 young-adults at the neurotypical range who self-reported their empathy, assessed using two highly validated questionnaires-the Interpersonal Reactivity Index and the Empathy Quotient, autism traits using the Autism-Spectrum Quotient, and the related traits, alexithymia, and systemizing. RESULTS: Controlling for the total empathy score, greater ED was found to be positively correlated with autism traits. Specifically, autism traits were found to be elevated in groups of individuals with relatively higher EE than CE, underscoring their imbalance. CONCLUSIONS: Our study offers a novel perspective on the understanding of the social difficulties associated with autism tendencies in the general population and has potentially important clinical implications for understanding of ASC. We also propose a novel characterization of autism tendencies based on the imbalance between EE and CE, which we term ED, as opposed to examining EE and CE separately. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-020-00362-1 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=433 [article] Empathic disequilibrium in two different measures of empathy predicts autism traits in neurotypical population [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Ido SHALEV, Auteur ; Florina UZEFOVSKY, Auteur . - 59 p. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Molecular Autism > 11 (2020) . - 59 p. Mots-clés : Autism  Broad autism phenotype  Cognitive empathy  Emotional empathy Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Features of autism spectrum conditions (ASC) are normally distributed within the population, giving rise to the notion of the autism spectrum. One of the hallmark features of ASC is difficulties in social communication, which relies heavily on our ability to empathize with others. Empathy comprises of both cognitive (CE) and emotional (EE) components that, together, allow us to understand another's emotions and be affected by them appropriately, while maintaining a self-other distinction. Although CE and EE depend on distinct neural and developmental trajectories, it was suggested that the two empathic capacities can influence, balance, and regulate each other. Previous findings regarding the role of emotional and cognitive empathy in ASC have been mixed. Therefore, our study aimed to investigate whether the intra-personal empathy imbalance between the cognitive and emotional components, a measure we termed empathic disequilibrium (ED), can be associated with autism traits at the neurotypical range. METHODS: Participants were 671 young-adults at the neurotypical range who self-reported their empathy, assessed using two highly validated questionnaires-the Interpersonal Reactivity Index and the Empathy Quotient, autism traits using the Autism-Spectrum Quotient, and the related traits, alexithymia, and systemizing. RESULTS: Controlling for the total empathy score, greater ED was found to be positively correlated with autism traits. Specifically, autism traits were found to be elevated in groups of individuals with relatively higher EE than CE, underscoring their imbalance. CONCLUSIONS: Our study offers a novel perspective on the understanding of the social difficulties associated with autism tendencies in the general population and has potentially important clinical implications for understanding of ASC. We also propose a novel characterization of autism tendencies based on the imbalance between EE and CE, which we term ED, as opposed to examining EE and CE separately. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-020-00362-1 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=433

Empathy among autistic and non-autistic adolescents: The importance of informant effects / Florina UZEFOVSKY in Autism Research, 17-8 (August 2024)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 17-8 (August 2024) . - p.1628-1639 Titre : Empathy among autistic and non-autistic adolescents: The importance of informant effects Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Florina UZEFOVSKY, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1628-1639 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract Empathy is the ability to recognize the emotions of others (cognitive empathy) and to share in those emotions while maintaining a self-other distinction (emotional empathy). Previous research often, but not always, showed that autistic adults and children have lower levels of overall and cognitive empathy than non-autistic individuals. Yet how empathy manifests during adolescence, a developmental period marked by physiological, social, and cognitive change, is largely unclear. As well, we aimed to compare self versus parents'perceptions regarding adolescents'empathy. To do so, parents (N = 157) of 10-16-year-olds (N = 59 autistic) and their children (N = 133) completed empathy questionnaires. Adolescents also completed a measure of mental state recognition (Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test; RMET) and parents reported on their child's autistic traits. The tasks were completed twice ~six months apart. We found that autistic adolescents reported having lower empathic concern and higher personal distress than their non-autistic peers, whereas parents of autistic adolescents perceived them as having overall lower levels of empathy. Performance on the mental state recognition task of autistic and non-autistic adolescents'was comparable. The gap between self and parent reports regarding adolescents'empathy was explainable by parent-reported autistic traits, mainly communication difficulties. Empathy remains stable across the study's two time points. Thus, the findings do not support previous views of autistic people as having less empathy and these are possibly explainable by informant effects. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.3197 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=533 [article] Empathy among autistic and non-autistic adolescents: The importance of informant effects [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Florina UZEFOVSKY, Auteur . - p.1628-1639. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 17-8 (August 2024) . - p.1628-1639 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract Empathy is the ability to recognize the emotions of others (cognitive empathy) and to share in those emotions while maintaining a self-other distinction (emotional empathy). Previous research often, but not always, showed that autistic adults and children have lower levels of overall and cognitive empathy than non-autistic individuals. Yet how empathy manifests during adolescence, a developmental period marked by physiological, social, and cognitive change, is largely unclear. As well, we aimed to compare self versus parents'perceptions regarding adolescents'empathy. To do so, parents (N = 157) of 10-16-year-olds (N = 59 autistic) and their children (N = 133) completed empathy questionnaires. Adolescents also completed a measure of mental state recognition (Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test; RMET) and parents reported on their child's autistic traits. The tasks were completed twice ~six months apart. We found that autistic adolescents reported having lower empathic concern and higher personal distress than their non-autistic peers, whereas parents of autistic adolescents perceived them as having overall lower levels of empathy. Performance on the mental state recognition task of autistic and non-autistic adolescents'was comparable. The gap between self and parent reports regarding adolescents'empathy was explainable by parent-reported autistic traits, mainly communication difficulties. Empathy remains stable across the study's two time points. Thus, the findings do not support previous views of autistic people as having less empathy and these are possibly explainable by informant effects. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.3197 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=533

Reexamining empathy in autism: Empathic disequilibrium as a novel predictor of autism diagnosis and autistic traits / Ido SHALEV in Autism Research, 15-10 (October 2022)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 15-10 (October 2022) . - p.1917-1928 Titre : Reexamining empathy in autism: Empathic disequilibrium as a novel predictor of autism diagnosis and autistic traits Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Ido SHALEV, Auteur ; Varun WARRIER, Auteur ; David M. GREENBERG, Auteur ; Paula SMITH, Auteur ; Carrie ALLISON, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur ; Alal ERAN, Auteur ; Florina UZEFOVSKY, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1917-1928 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism  cognitive  emotional empathy  empathy  response surface analysis Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : A large body of research showed that autistic people have intact emotional (affective) empathy alongside reduced cognitive empathy. However, there are mixed findings and these call for a more subtle understanding of empathy in autism. Empathic disequilibrium refers to the imbalance between emotional and cognitive empathy and is associated with a higher number of autistic traits in the typical population. Here we examined whether empathic disequilibrium predicts both the number of autistic traits and autism diagnosis. In a large sample of autistic (N = 1905) and typical individuals (N = 3009), we examined empathic disequilibrium and empathy as predictors of autistic traits and autism diagnosis, using a polynomial regression with response surface analysis. Empathy and autistic traits were measured using validated self-report questionnaires. Both empathic disequilibrium and empathy predicted linearly and non-linearly autism diagnosis and autistic traits. Specifically, a tendency towards higher emotional than cognitive empathy (empathic disequilibrium towards emotional empathy) predicted both autism diagnosis and the social domain of autistic traits, while higher cognitive than emotional empathy was associated with the non-social domain of autism. Empathic disequilibrium was also more prominent in autistic females. This study provides evidence that beyond empathy as was measured thus far, empathic disequilibrium offers a novel analytical approach for examining the role of empathy. Empathic disequilibrium allows for a more nuanced understanding of the links between empathy and autism. LAY SUMMARY: Many autistic individuals report feelings of excessive empathy, yet their experience is not reflected by most of the current literature, typically suggesting that autism is characterized by intact emotional and reduced cognitive empathy. To fill this gap, we looked at both ends of the imbalance between these components, termed empathic disequilibrium. We show that, like empathy, empathic disequilibrium is related to autism diagnosis and traits, and thus may provide a more nuanced understanding of empathy and its link with autism. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2794 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=488 [article] Reexamining empathy in autism: Empathic disequilibrium as a novel predictor of autism diagnosis and autistic traits [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Ido SHALEV, Auteur ; Varun WARRIER, Auteur ; David M. GREENBERG, Auteur ; Paula SMITH, Auteur ; Carrie ALLISON, Auteur ; Simon BARON-COHEN, Auteur ; Alal ERAN, Auteur ; Florina UZEFOVSKY, Auteur . - p.1917-1928. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 15-10 (October 2022) . - p.1917-1928 Mots-clés : autism  cognitive  emotional empathy  empathy  response surface analysis Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : A large body of research showed that autistic people have intact emotional (affective) empathy alongside reduced cognitive empathy. However, there are mixed findings and these call for a more subtle understanding of empathy in autism. Empathic disequilibrium refers to the imbalance between emotional and cognitive empathy and is associated with a higher number of autistic traits in the typical population. Here we examined whether empathic disequilibrium predicts both the number of autistic traits and autism diagnosis. In a large sample of autistic (N = 1905) and typical individuals (N = 3009), we examined empathic disequilibrium and empathy as predictors of autistic traits and autism diagnosis, using a polynomial regression with response surface analysis. Empathy and autistic traits were measured using validated self-report questionnaires. Both empathic disequilibrium and empathy predicted linearly and non-linearly autism diagnosis and autistic traits. Specifically, a tendency towards higher emotional than cognitive empathy (empathic disequilibrium towards emotional empathy) predicted both autism diagnosis and the social domain of autistic traits, while higher cognitive than emotional empathy was associated with the non-social domain of autism. Empathic disequilibrium was also more prominent in autistic females. This study provides evidence that beyond empathy as was measured thus far, empathic disequilibrium offers a novel analytical approach for examining the role of empathy. Empathic disequilibrium allows for a more nuanced understanding of the links between empathy and autism. LAY SUMMARY: Many autistic individuals report feelings of excessive empathy, yet their experience is not reflected by most of the current literature, typically suggesting that autism is characterized by intact emotional and reduced cognitive empathy. To fill this gap, we looked at both ends of the imbalance between these components, termed empathic disequilibrium. We show that, like empathy, empathic disequilibrium is related to autism diagnosis and traits, and thus may provide a more nuanced understanding of empathy and its link with autism. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2794 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=488

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