Dimensions of Psychopathy and their Relationships to Cognitive Functioning in Children / Nathalie FONTAINE in Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 37-3 (July-September 2008)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology > 37-3 (July-September 2008) . - p.690-696 Titre : Dimensions of Psychopathy and their Relationships to Cognitive Functioning in Children Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Nathalie FONTAINE, Auteur ; Edward D. BARKER, Auteur ; Essi VIDING, Auteur ; Randall T. SALEKIN, Auteur Année de publication : 2008 Article en page(s) : p.690-696 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Individuals with psychopathic traits are hypothesized to be free of intellectual deficits and possibly even to exhibit good cognitive abilities. Previous studies, based on clinical and incarcerated youth, have shown inconsistent findings. We investigated the relationships between different dimensions of psychopathy (callous/unemotional traits, narcissism, impulsivity) and cognitive abilities in a large population-based sample of children (age 9, N = 4,713). Findings indicated a positive relationship between narcissism and both verbal and nonverbal abilities, even after accounting for conduct problems and hyperactivity. Callous/unemotional traits and impulsivity were negatively related to both types of cognitive abilities but did not remain significant after accounting for conduct problems and hyperactivity. Interactions between gender and the dimensions of psychopathy were not significant. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15374410802148111 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=546 [article] Dimensions of Psychopathy and their Relationships to Cognitive Functioning in Children [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Nathalie FONTAINE, Auteur ; Edward D. BARKER, Auteur ; Essi VIDING, Auteur ; Randall T. SALEKIN, Auteur . - 2008 . - p.690-696. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology > 37-3 (July-September 2008) . - p.690-696 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Individuals with psychopathic traits are hypothesized to be free of intellectual deficits and possibly even to exhibit good cognitive abilities. Previous studies, based on clinical and incarcerated youth, have shown inconsistent findings. We investigated the relationships between different dimensions of psychopathy (callous/unemotional traits, narcissism, impulsivity) and cognitive abilities in a large population-based sample of children (age 9, N = 4,713). Findings indicated a positive relationship between narcissism and both verbal and nonverbal abilities, even after accounting for conduct problems and hyperactivity. Callous/unemotional traits and impulsivity were negatively related to both types of cognitive abilities but did not remain significant after accounting for conduct problems and hyperactivity. Interactions between gender and the dimensions of psychopathy were not significant. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15374410802148111 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=546

Irritable oppositional defiance and callous unemotional traits: is the association partially explained by peer victimization? / Edward D. BARKER in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 53-11 (November 2012)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 53-11 (November 2012) . - p.1167-1175 Titre : Irritable oppositional defiance and callous unemotional traits: is the association partially explained by peer victimization? Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Edward D. BARKER, Auteur ; Randall T. SALEKIN, Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : p.1167-1175 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children  peer victimization  depression  anxiety  callous-unemotional traits Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background:  Irritability is a subdimension of ODD, which predicts mainly to internalizing disorders, and to a lesser extent, conduct problems and callous-unemotional traits. Given that youth with similar dispositions as the irritable types – as well as youth high in callous-unemotional (CU) traits – have both been reported to experience high levels of victimization by peers, the authors examined an extension of the failure model (Patterson & Capaldi, 1990): that irritability increases peer victimization, which, in turn, predicts both CU and internalizing symptoms. Sample:  Using data from 5,923 mother-child pairs participating in The Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children, the authors tested the outcomes of internalizing difficulties and callous-unemotional traits (based on mother report at age 13) via the predictors (at ages 8 and 10) of irritability (mother report) and the experience of peer victimization (youth report). Results:  Irritability and peer victimization (age 10) directly predicted both CU and internalizing difficulties (age 13). Contrary to strict interpretation of the failure model, the significant indirect pathway described peer victimization (age 8) as increasing irritability (age 10), which, in turn, increased both CU and internalizing difficulties (age 13). Conclusion:  Results suggest that – for youth with irritable dispositions – co-occurring CU and internalizing difficulties can be acquired via adverse experiences in the social environment. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2012.02579.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=182 [article] Irritable oppositional defiance and callous unemotional traits: is the association partially explained by peer victimization? [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Edward D. BARKER, Auteur ; Randall T. SALEKIN, Auteur . - 2012 . - p.1167-1175. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 53-11 (November 2012) . - p.1167-1175 Mots-clés : Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children  peer victimization  depression  anxiety  callous-unemotional traits Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background:  Irritability is a subdimension of ODD, which predicts mainly to internalizing disorders, and to a lesser extent, conduct problems and callous-unemotional traits. Given that youth with similar dispositions as the irritable types – as well as youth high in callous-unemotional (CU) traits – have both been reported to experience high levels of victimization by peers, the authors examined an extension of the failure model (Patterson & Capaldi, 1990): that irritability increases peer victimization, which, in turn, predicts both CU and internalizing symptoms. Sample:  Using data from 5,923 mother-child pairs participating in The Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children, the authors tested the outcomes of internalizing difficulties and callous-unemotional traits (based on mother report at age 13) via the predictors (at ages 8 and 10) of irritability (mother report) and the experience of peer victimization (youth report). Results:  Irritability and peer victimization (age 10) directly predicted both CU and internalizing difficulties (age 13). Contrary to strict interpretation of the failure model, the significant indirect pathway described peer victimization (age 8) as increasing irritability (age 10), which, in turn, increased both CU and internalizing difficulties (age 13). Conclusion:  Results suggest that – for youth with irritable dispositions – co-occurring CU and internalizing difficulties can be acquired via adverse experiences in the social environment. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2012.02579.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=182

Research Review: What do we know about psychopathic traits in children? / Randall T. SALEKIN in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 58-11 (November 2017)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 58-11 (November 2017) . - p.1180-1200 Titre : Research Review: What do we know about psychopathic traits in children? Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Randall T. SALEKIN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1180-1200 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Child psychopathy  grandiose-manipulative traits (GM)  callous-unemotional traits (CU)  daring impulsive traits (DI)  adolescent Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Research on the topic of child psychopathy has advanced over the past decade increasing what we know. Method This qualitative review examines the research base for child psychopathy and emphasizes its three dimensions: grandiose-manipulative, callous-unemotional, and daring-impulsive. Literature is reviewed addressing the cognitive, emotional, motivational, personality, parenting, and biological correlates. Results Support has emerged for the phenotypic construct of child psychopathy, while questions remain regarding definitional issues and key external correlates (e.g., reward and punishment processing, parenting, molecular genetics, brain imaging). Conclusions While the construct appears to be valid, future work should broaden its focus from callous unemotional traits to all three dimensions of the construct, enhance measurement precision, and examine dimension interactions. Such research could have important implications for CD specification for future versions of the DSM and ICD and speed etiological knowledge and clinical care for youth with conduct problems. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12738 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=326 [article] Research Review: What do we know about psychopathic traits in children? [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Randall T. SALEKIN, Auteur . - p.1180-1200. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 58-11 (November 2017) . - p.1180-1200 Mots-clés : Child psychopathy  grandiose-manipulative traits (GM)  callous-unemotional traits (CU)  daring impulsive traits (DI)  adolescent Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Research on the topic of child psychopathy has advanced over the past decade increasing what we know. Method This qualitative review examines the research base for child psychopathy and emphasizes its three dimensions: grandiose-manipulative, callous-unemotional, and daring-impulsive. Literature is reviewed addressing the cognitive, emotional, motivational, personality, parenting, and biological correlates. Results Support has emerged for the phenotypic construct of child psychopathy, while questions remain regarding definitional issues and key external correlates (e.g., reward and punishment processing, parenting, molecular genetics, brain imaging). Conclusions While the construct appears to be valid, future work should broaden its focus from callous unemotional traits to all three dimensions of the construct, enhance measurement precision, and examine dimension interactions. Such research could have important implications for CD specification for future versions of the DSM and ICD and speed etiological knowledge and clinical care for youth with conduct problems. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12738 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=326

The impact of prenatal maternal risk, fearless temperament and early parenting on adolescent callous-unemotional traits: a 14-year longitudinal investigation / Edward D. BARKER in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 52-8 (August 2011)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 52-8 (August 2011) . - p.878-888 Titre : The impact of prenatal maternal risk, fearless temperament and early parenting on adolescent callous-unemotional traits: a 14-year longitudinal investigation Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Edward D. BARKER, Auteur ; Bonamy R. OLIVER, Auteur ; Essi VIDING, Auteur ; Randall T. SALEKIN, Auteur ; Barbara MAUGHAN, Auteur Année de publication : 2011 Article en page(s) : p.878-888 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children  prenatal risks  early parenting  conduct problems  callous-unemotional traits Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Objective:  Proposals have been submitted to the DSM-V for the addition of a callous-unemotional (CU) specifier for conduct problem (CP) youth (CP/CU). While the addition of such a diagnostic category may aid in the identification of homogeneous CP subtypes, evidence on risks for the development of CP/CU remains limited. The present study sought to examine the extent to which CP/CU in early adolescence could be differentiated by family- and child-based risks from pregnancy to age 4 years. Method:  Using data from approximately 7,000 mothers and their offspring (51% male) participating in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children, the authors examined maternal prenatal risks (psychopathology, criminality, substance use), child’s fearless temperament (age 2 years) and harsh and warm parenting (age 4 years) as predictors of CP and CU at age 13; then used follow-back analyses to explore pre- and early post-natal risks in more detail. Results:  Maternal prenatal risks increased fearless temperament and CP and CU. Fearless temperament was also prospectively associated with higher levels of early adolescent CP and CU, above and beyond parenting and prenatal maternal risks. Follow-back analyses showed fearless temperament in boys manifested as lower response to punishment cues, while for girls this temperament was indexed by boldness toward novel situations and strangers, particularly for CP/CU youth. Conclusions:  The current findings suggest that (i) maternal prenatal risks and fearless temperament showed a dose–response relationship with CP and CU (i.e., higher clustering of risks tended to relate to both higher levels and the co-occurrence of CU with CP), and (ii) intervention programs that aim to improve behavioural outcomes may consider targeting specific temperamental features in both boys and girls. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2011.02397.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=132 [article] The impact of prenatal maternal risk, fearless temperament and early parenting on adolescent callous-unemotional traits: a 14-year longitudinal investigation [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Edward D. BARKER, Auteur ; Bonamy R. OLIVER, Auteur ; Essi VIDING, Auteur ; Randall T. SALEKIN, Auteur ; Barbara MAUGHAN, Auteur . - 2011 . - p.878-888. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 52-8 (August 2011) . - p.878-888 Mots-clés : Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children  prenatal risks  early parenting  conduct problems  callous-unemotional traits Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Objective:  Proposals have been submitted to the DSM-V for the addition of a callous-unemotional (CU) specifier for conduct problem (CP) youth (CP/CU). While the addition of such a diagnostic category may aid in the identification of homogeneous CP subtypes, evidence on risks for the development of CP/CU remains limited. The present study sought to examine the extent to which CP/CU in early adolescence could be differentiated by family- and child-based risks from pregnancy to age 4 years. Method:  Using data from approximately 7,000 mothers and their offspring (51% male) participating in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children, the authors examined maternal prenatal risks (psychopathology, criminality, substance use), child’s fearless temperament (age 2 years) and harsh and warm parenting (age 4 years) as predictors of CP and CU at age 13; then used follow-back analyses to explore pre- and early post-natal risks in more detail. Results:  Maternal prenatal risks increased fearless temperament and CP and CU. Fearless temperament was also prospectively associated with higher levels of early adolescent CP and CU, above and beyond parenting and prenatal maternal risks. Follow-back analyses showed fearless temperament in boys manifested as lower response to punishment cues, while for girls this temperament was indexed by boldness toward novel situations and strangers, particularly for CP/CU youth. Conclusions:  The current findings suggest that (i) maternal prenatal risks and fearless temperament showed a dose–response relationship with CP and CU (i.e., higher clustering of risks tended to relate to both higher levels and the co-occurrence of CU with CP), and (ii) intervention programs that aim to improve behavioural outcomes may consider targeting specific temperamental features in both boys and girls. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2011.02397.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=132

Youth with psychopathy features are not a discrete class: a taxometric analysis / Daniel C. MURRIE in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 48-7 (July 2007)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 48-7 (July 2007) . - p.714–723 Titre : Youth with psychopathy features are not a discrete class: a taxometric analysis Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Daniel C. MURRIE, Auteur ; David K. MARCUS, Auteur ; Kevin S. DOUGLAS, Auteur ; Zina LEE, Auteur ; Randall T. SALEKIN, Auteur ; Gina VINCENT, Auteur Année de publication : 2007 Article en page(s) : p.714–723 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Psychopathy juvenile-psychopathy callous-unemotional taxometric dimensional antisocial conduct-disorder Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: Recently, researchers have sought to measure psychopathy-like features among youth in hopes of identifying children who may be progressing toward a particularly destructive form of adult pathology. However, it remains unclear whether psychopathy-like personality features among youth are best conceptualized as dimensional (distributed along a continuum) or taxonic (such that youth with psychopathic personality characteristics are qualitatively distinct from non-psychopathic youth). Methods: This study applied taxometric analyses (MAMBAC, MAXEIG, and L-Mode) to scores from two primary measures of youth psychopathy features: the Psychopathy Checklist: Youth Version (N = 757) and the self-report Antisocial Process Screening Device (N = 489) among delinquent boys. Results: All analyses supported a dimensional structure, indicating that psychopathy features among youth are best understood as existing along a continuum. Conclusions: Although youth clearly vary in the degree to which they manifest psychopathy-like personality traits, there is no natural, discrete class of young ‘psychopaths.’ This finding has implications for developmental theory, treatment, assessment strategies, research, and clinical/forensic practice. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2007.01734.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=142 [article] Youth with psychopathy features are not a discrete class: a taxometric analysis [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Daniel C. MURRIE, Auteur ; David K. MARCUS, Auteur ; Kevin S. DOUGLAS, Auteur ; Zina LEE, Auteur ; Randall T. SALEKIN, Auteur ; Gina VINCENT, Auteur . - 2007 . - p.714–723. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 48-7 (July 2007) . - p.714–723 Mots-clés : Psychopathy juvenile-psychopathy callous-unemotional taxometric dimensional antisocial conduct-disorder Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: Recently, researchers have sought to measure psychopathy-like features among youth in hopes of identifying children who may be progressing toward a particularly destructive form of adult pathology. However, it remains unclear whether psychopathy-like personality features among youth are best conceptualized as dimensional (distributed along a continuum) or taxonic (such that youth with psychopathic personality characteristics are qualitatively distinct from non-psychopathic youth). Methods: This study applied taxometric analyses (MAMBAC, MAXEIG, and L-Mode) to scores from two primary measures of youth psychopathy features: the Psychopathy Checklist: Youth Version (N = 757) and the self-report Antisocial Process Screening Device (N = 489) among delinquent boys. Results: All analyses supported a dimensional structure, indicating that psychopathy features among youth are best understood as existing along a continuum. Conclusions: Although youth clearly vary in the degree to which they manifest psychopathy-like personality traits, there is no natural, discrete class of young ‘psychopaths.’ This finding has implications for developmental theory, treatment, assessment strategies, research, and clinical/forensic practice. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2007.01734.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=142

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