Dépouillements

Editorial: Minding the gap – research on sexual minority and gender nonconforming children and adolescents / Charles H. ZEANAH in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 58-11 (November 2017)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 58-11 (November 2017) . - p.1177-1179 Titre : Editorial: Minding the gap – research on sexual minority and gender nonconforming children and adolescents Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Charles H. ZEANAH, Auteur ; Myo Thwin MYINT, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1177-1179 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : There is often a gap between politics and science, but the influence across the gap is bidirectional. This editorial considers a longitudinal, community-based sample of children and adolescents and asks about risks from early childhood gender non-conformity and adolescent reported sexual minority status for subsequent anxiety disorders. It is especially valuable to have longitudinal data from a non-referred sample to address questions of risk, and the investigators must be complemented for having foresight about these questions twenty years ago. The topics of our investigations are informed and motivated by cultural assumptions, pressures and conflicts. In the example discussed, transgender people are not new, but research on their development is fairly recent, as they are culturally now more accepted as different rather than pathological. Research findings also matter to the culture. Dropping homosexuality as a mental disorder in formal nosologies occurred with significant scientific substantiation. The value of this research to enhance clinical care and offer informed parental guidance about children of a minority status cannot be overemphasized. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12836 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=326 [article] Editorial: Minding the gap – research on sexual minority and gender nonconforming children and adolescents [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Charles H. ZEANAH, Auteur ; Myo Thwin MYINT, Auteur . - p.1177-1179. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 58-11 (November 2017) . - p.1177-1179 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : There is often a gap between politics and science, but the influence across the gap is bidirectional. This editorial considers a longitudinal, community-based sample of children and adolescents and asks about risks from early childhood gender non-conformity and adolescent reported sexual minority status for subsequent anxiety disorders. It is especially valuable to have longitudinal data from a non-referred sample to address questions of risk, and the investigators must be complemented for having foresight about these questions twenty years ago. The topics of our investigations are informed and motivated by cultural assumptions, pressures and conflicts. In the example discussed, transgender people are not new, but research on their development is fairly recent, as they are culturally now more accepted as different rather than pathological. Research findings also matter to the culture. Dropping homosexuality as a mental disorder in formal nosologies occurred with significant scientific substantiation. The value of this research to enhance clinical care and offer informed parental guidance about children of a minority status cannot be overemphasized. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12836 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=326

Research Review: What do we know about psychopathic traits in children? / Randall T. SALEKIN in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 58-11 (November 2017)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 58-11 (November 2017) . - p.1180-1200 Titre : Research Review: What do we know about psychopathic traits in children? Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Randall T. SALEKIN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1180-1200 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Child psychopathy  grandiose-manipulative traits (GM)  callous-unemotional traits (CU)  daring impulsive traits (DI)  adolescent Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Research on the topic of child psychopathy has advanced over the past decade increasing what we know. Method This qualitative review examines the research base for child psychopathy and emphasizes its three dimensions: grandiose-manipulative, callous-unemotional, and daring-impulsive. Literature is reviewed addressing the cognitive, emotional, motivational, personality, parenting, and biological correlates. Results Support has emerged for the phenotypic construct of child psychopathy, while questions remain regarding definitional issues and key external correlates (e.g., reward and punishment processing, parenting, molecular genetics, brain imaging). Conclusions While the construct appears to be valid, future work should broaden its focus from callous unemotional traits to all three dimensions of the construct, enhance measurement precision, and examine dimension interactions. Such research could have important implications for CD specification for future versions of the DSM and ICD and speed etiological knowledge and clinical care for youth with conduct problems. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12738 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=326 [article] Research Review: What do we know about psychopathic traits in children? [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Randall T. SALEKIN, Auteur . - p.1180-1200. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 58-11 (November 2017) . - p.1180-1200 Mots-clés : Child psychopathy  grandiose-manipulative traits (GM)  callous-unemotional traits (CU)  daring impulsive traits (DI)  adolescent Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Research on the topic of child psychopathy has advanced over the past decade increasing what we know. Method This qualitative review examines the research base for child psychopathy and emphasizes its three dimensions: grandiose-manipulative, callous-unemotional, and daring-impulsive. Literature is reviewed addressing the cognitive, emotional, motivational, personality, parenting, and biological correlates. Results Support has emerged for the phenotypic construct of child psychopathy, while questions remain regarding definitional issues and key external correlates (e.g., reward and punishment processing, parenting, molecular genetics, brain imaging). Conclusions While the construct appears to be valid, future work should broaden its focus from callous unemotional traits to all three dimensions of the construct, enhance measurement precision, and examine dimension interactions. Such research could have important implications for CD specification for future versions of the DSM and ICD and speed etiological knowledge and clinical care for youth with conduct problems. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12738 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=326

Anxiety disorders, gender nonconformity, bullying and self-esteem in sexual minority adolescents: prospective birth cohort study / Abbeygail JONES in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 58-11 (November 2017)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 58-11 (November 2017) . - p.1201-1209 Titre : Anxiety disorders, gender nonconformity, bullying and self-esteem in sexual minority adolescents: prospective birth cohort study Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Abbeygail JONES, Auteur ; Emily ROBINSON, Auteur ; Olakunle OGINNI, Auteur ; Qazi RAHMAN, Auteur ; Katharine A. RIMES, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1201-1209 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adolescence  anxiety  Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children  childhood gender nonconformity  longitudinal  prospective  sexual minority  sexual orientation Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Sexual minority adolescents (i.e. youth not exclusively heterosexual) report more anxiety than heterosexual youth on symptom questionnaires but no research has used standardised diagnostic tools to investigate anxiety disorder risk. This study uses a UK birth cohort to investigate the risk of anxiety disorders in sexual minority and heterosexual youth using a computerised structured clinical interview and explores the influence of gender nonconformity, bullying and self-esteem. Methods Participants were 4,564 adolescents (2,567 girls and 1,996 boys) from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC). Logistic regression analyses were performed to investigate the association between sexual orientation at 15.5 years and the presence of an anxiety disorder at 17.5 years. Covariates including maternal occupation, ethnicity, mother-reported childhood gender nonconformity at 30, 42 and 57 months, child-reported gender nonconformity at 8 years, child-reported bullying between 12 and 16 years and self-esteem at 17.5 years were added sequentially to regression models. Results Sexual minority adolescents (i.e. those not exclusively heterosexual) had higher early childhood gender nonconformity (CGN), lower self-esteem and reported more bullying than adolescents identifying as 100% heterosexual. Minority sexual orientation at 15.5 years was associated with increased risk of an anxiety disorder at 17.5 years for girls (OR 2.55, CI 1.85–3.52) and boys (OR 2.48, CI 1.40–4.39). Adjusting for ethnicity, maternal occupation, mother-reported and child-reported CGN had minimal impact on this association. Adjusting for bullying between 12 and 16 years and self-esteem at 17.5 years reduced the strength of the associations, although the overall association remained significant for both sexes (girls OR 2.14 and boys OR 1.93). Conclusions Sexual minority youth are at increased risk of anxiety disorders relative to heterosexual youth at 17.5 years. Bullying between 12–16 years and lower self-esteem may contribute to this risk. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12757 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=326 [article] Anxiety disorders, gender nonconformity, bullying and self-esteem in sexual minority adolescents: prospective birth cohort study [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Abbeygail JONES, Auteur ; Emily ROBINSON, Auteur ; Olakunle OGINNI, Auteur ; Qazi RAHMAN, Auteur ; Katharine A. RIMES, Auteur . - p.1201-1209. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 58-11 (November 2017) . - p.1201-1209 Mots-clés : Adolescence  anxiety  Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children  childhood gender nonconformity  longitudinal  prospective  sexual minority  sexual orientation Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Sexual minority adolescents (i.e. youth not exclusively heterosexual) report more anxiety than heterosexual youth on symptom questionnaires but no research has used standardised diagnostic tools to investigate anxiety disorder risk. This study uses a UK birth cohort to investigate the risk of anxiety disorders in sexual minority and heterosexual youth using a computerised structured clinical interview and explores the influence of gender nonconformity, bullying and self-esteem. Methods Participants were 4,564 adolescents (2,567 girls and 1,996 boys) from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC). Logistic regression analyses were performed to investigate the association between sexual orientation at 15.5 years and the presence of an anxiety disorder at 17.5 years. Covariates including maternal occupation, ethnicity, mother-reported childhood gender nonconformity at 30, 42 and 57 months, child-reported gender nonconformity at 8 years, child-reported bullying between 12 and 16 years and self-esteem at 17.5 years were added sequentially to regression models. Results Sexual minority adolescents (i.e. those not exclusively heterosexual) had higher early childhood gender nonconformity (CGN), lower self-esteem and reported more bullying than adolescents identifying as 100% heterosexual. Minority sexual orientation at 15.5 years was associated with increased risk of an anxiety disorder at 17.5 years for girls (OR 2.55, CI 1.85–3.52) and boys (OR 2.48, CI 1.40–4.39). Adjusting for ethnicity, maternal occupation, mother-reported and child-reported CGN had minimal impact on this association. Adjusting for bullying between 12 and 16 years and self-esteem at 17.5 years reduced the strength of the associations, although the overall association remained significant for both sexes (girls OR 2.14 and boys OR 1.93). Conclusions Sexual minority youth are at increased risk of anxiety disorders relative to heterosexual youth at 17.5 years. Bullying between 12–16 years and lower self-esteem may contribute to this risk. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12757 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=326

Child-care quality moderates the association between maternal depression and children's behavioural outcome / Justine CHARROIS in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 58-11 (November 2017)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 58-11 (November 2017) . - p.1210-1218 Titre : Child-care quality moderates the association between maternal depression and children's behavioural outcome Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Justine CHARROIS, Auteur ; Sylvana M. CÔTÉ, Auteur ; Christa JAPEL, Auteur ; Jean R. SEGUIN, Auteur ; Stéphane PAQUIN, Auteur ; Richard E. TREMBLAY, Auteur ; Catherine M. HERBA, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1210-1218 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Behaviour problems  child care  maternal depression  longitudinal study Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Maternal depression is a risk factor for adverse outcomes in the child, including emotional and behavioural difficulties. There is evidence that child care attendance during the preschool years may moderate associations between familial risk factors and child outcome. However, the possibility that high-quality child care provides protection for children exposed to maternal depression or that low-quality child care provides additional risk has not been investigated. We study whether child-care quality moderates the association between probable history of maternal depression (PMD) and child behavioural and emotional outcomes over the preschool period. Methods Within a longitudinal study, we examined PMD (no depression; clinical PMD before the child's birth; subclinical PMD from 0 to 5 years; clinical PMD from 0 to 5 years), child-care quality and child emotional and behavioural difficulties at the ages of 2, 3 and 4 years. Child-care quality was evaluated in settings, and trajectories were calculated to reflect (a) global quality and (b) two quality subfactors: ‘Teaching and interactions’ and ‘Provision for learning’. Data were analysed for 264 families. Results Significant interactions emerged between clinical PMD and global quality of child care for children's externalising behaviour (b = ?.185, p = .008), more specifically hyperactivity/inattention (b = ?.237, p = .002). In the context of clinical PMD, children attending high-quality child care presented fewer difficulties than those attending a low-quality care. Child-care quality was not associated with outcomes for children whose mothers did not report a PMD or a PMD before their birth. Conclusions In the context of PMD, high-quality child care was associated with fewer behavioural problems and may thus constitute a protective factor. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12764 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=326 [article] Child-care quality moderates the association between maternal depression and children's behavioural outcome [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Justine CHARROIS, Auteur ; Sylvana M. CÔTÉ, Auteur ; Christa JAPEL, Auteur ; Jean R. SEGUIN, Auteur ; Stéphane PAQUIN, Auteur ; Richard E. TREMBLAY, Auteur ; Catherine M. HERBA, Auteur . - p.1210-1218. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 58-11 (November 2017) . - p.1210-1218 Mots-clés : Behaviour problems  child care  maternal depression  longitudinal study Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Maternal depression is a risk factor for adverse outcomes in the child, including emotional and behavioural difficulties. There is evidence that child care attendance during the preschool years may moderate associations between familial risk factors and child outcome. However, the possibility that high-quality child care provides protection for children exposed to maternal depression or that low-quality child care provides additional risk has not been investigated. We study whether child-care quality moderates the association between probable history of maternal depression (PMD) and child behavioural and emotional outcomes over the preschool period. Methods Within a longitudinal study, we examined PMD (no depression; clinical PMD before the child's birth; subclinical PMD from 0 to 5 years; clinical PMD from 0 to 5 years), child-care quality and child emotional and behavioural difficulties at the ages of 2, 3 and 4 years. Child-care quality was evaluated in settings, and trajectories were calculated to reflect (a) global quality and (b) two quality subfactors: ‘Teaching and interactions’ and ‘Provision for learning’. Data were analysed for 264 families. Results Significant interactions emerged between clinical PMD and global quality of child care for children's externalising behaviour (b = ?.185, p = .008), more specifically hyperactivity/inattention (b = ?.237, p = .002). In the context of clinical PMD, children attending high-quality child care presented fewer difficulties than those attending a low-quality care. Child-care quality was not associated with outcomes for children whose mothers did not report a PMD or a PMD before their birth. Conclusions In the context of PMD, high-quality child care was associated with fewer behavioural problems and may thus constitute a protective factor. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12764 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=326

Comparison of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing therapy, cognitive behavioral writing therapy, and wait-list in pediatric posttraumatic stress disorder following single-incident trauma: a multicenter randomized clinical trial / Carlijn DE ROOS in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 58-11 (November 2017)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 58-11 (November 2017) . - p.1219-1228 Titre : Comparison of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing therapy, cognitive behavioral writing therapy, and wait-list in pediatric posttraumatic stress disorder following single-incident trauma: a multicenter randomized clinical trial Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Carlijn DE ROOS, Auteur ; Saskia VAN DER OORD, Auteur ; Bonne ZIJLSTRA, Auteur ; Sacha LUCASSEN, Auteur ; Sean PERRIN, Auteur ; Paul EMMELKAMP, Auteur ; Ad DE JONGH, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1219-1228 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Posttraumatic stress disorder  eye movement desensitization and reprocessing  cognitive behavioral writing therapy  single trauma  children and adolescents Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Practice guidelines for childhood posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) recommend trauma-focused psychotherapies, mainly cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) therapy is a brief trauma-focused, evidence-based treatment for PTSD in adults, but with few well-designed trials involving children and adolescents. Methods We conducted a single-blind, randomized trial with three arms (n = 103): EMDR (n = 43), Cognitive Behavior Writing Therapy (CBWT; n = 42), and wait-list (WL; n = 18). WL participants were randomly reallocated to CBWT or EMDR after 6 weeks; follow-ups were conducted at 3 and 12 months posttreatment. Participants were treatment-seeking youth (aged 8–18 years) with a DSM-IV diagnosis of PTSD (or subthreshold PTSD) tied to a single trauma, who received up to six sessions of EMDR or CBWT lasting maximally 45 min each. Results Both treatments were well-tolerated and relative to WL yielded large, intent-to-treat effect sizes for the primary outcomes at posttreatment: PTSD symptoms (EMDR: d = 1.27; CBWT: d = 1.24). At posttreatment 92.5% of EMDR, and 90.2% of CBWT no longer met the diagnostic criteria for PTSD. All gains were maintained at follow-up. Compared to WL, small to large (range d = 0.39–1.03) intent-to-treat effect sizes were obtained at posttreatment for negative trauma-related appraisals, anxiety, depression, and behavior problems with these gains being maintained at follow-up. Gains were attained with significantly less therapist contact time for EMDR than CBWT (mean = 4.1 sessions/140 min vs. 5.4 sessions/227 min). Conclusions EMDR and CBWT are brief, trauma-focused treatments that yielded equally large remission rates for PTSD and reductions in the severity of PTSD and comorbid difficulties in children and adolescents seeking treatment for PTSD tied to a single event. Further trials of both treatments with PTSD tied to multiple traumas are warranted. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12768 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=326 [article] Comparison of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing therapy, cognitive behavioral writing therapy, and wait-list in pediatric posttraumatic stress disorder following single-incident trauma: a multicenter randomized clinical trial [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Carlijn DE ROOS, Auteur ; Saskia VAN DER OORD, Auteur ; Bonne ZIJLSTRA, Auteur ; Sacha LUCASSEN, Auteur ; Sean PERRIN, Auteur ; Paul EMMELKAMP, Auteur ; Ad DE JONGH, Auteur . - p.1219-1228. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 58-11 (November 2017) . - p.1219-1228 Mots-clés : Posttraumatic stress disorder  eye movement desensitization and reprocessing  cognitive behavioral writing therapy  single trauma  children and adolescents Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Practice guidelines for childhood posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) recommend trauma-focused psychotherapies, mainly cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) therapy is a brief trauma-focused, evidence-based treatment for PTSD in adults, but with few well-designed trials involving children and adolescents. Methods We conducted a single-blind, randomized trial with three arms (n = 103): EMDR (n = 43), Cognitive Behavior Writing Therapy (CBWT; n = 42), and wait-list (WL; n = 18). WL participants were randomly reallocated to CBWT or EMDR after 6 weeks; follow-ups were conducted at 3 and 12 months posttreatment. Participants were treatment-seeking youth (aged 8–18 years) with a DSM-IV diagnosis of PTSD (or subthreshold PTSD) tied to a single trauma, who received up to six sessions of EMDR or CBWT lasting maximally 45 min each. Results Both treatments were well-tolerated and relative to WL yielded large, intent-to-treat effect sizes for the primary outcomes at posttreatment: PTSD symptoms (EMDR: d = 1.27; CBWT: d = 1.24). At posttreatment 92.5% of EMDR, and 90.2% of CBWT no longer met the diagnostic criteria for PTSD. All gains were maintained at follow-up. Compared to WL, small to large (range d = 0.39–1.03) intent-to-treat effect sizes were obtained at posttreatment for negative trauma-related appraisals, anxiety, depression, and behavior problems with these gains being maintained at follow-up. Gains were attained with significantly less therapist contact time for EMDR than CBWT (mean = 4.1 sessions/140 min vs. 5.4 sessions/227 min). Conclusions EMDR and CBWT are brief, trauma-focused treatments that yielded equally large remission rates for PTSD and reductions in the severity of PTSD and comorbid difficulties in children and adolescents seeking treatment for PTSD tied to a single event. Further trials of both treatments with PTSD tied to multiple traumas are warranted. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12768 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=326

Intensive prolonged exposure treatment for adolescent complex posttraumatic stress disorder: a single-trial design / Lotte HENDRIKS in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 58-11 (November 2017)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 58-11 (November 2017) . - p.1229-1238 Titre : Intensive prolonged exposure treatment for adolescent complex posttraumatic stress disorder: a single-trial design Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Lotte HENDRIKS, Auteur ; Rianne A. DE KLEINE, Auteur ; Mieke HEYVAERT, Auteur ; Eni S. BECKER, Auteur ; Gert-Jan HENDRIKS, Auteur ; Agnes VAN MINNEN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1229-1238 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Complex PTSD  treatment outcome  adolescents  prolonged exposure  intensive treatment Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background The current study evaluated the effectiveness and safety of intensive prolonged exposure (PE) targeting adolescent patients with complex posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and comorbid disorders following multiple interpersonal trauma. Methods Ten adolescents meeting full diagnostic criteria for PTSD were recruited from a specialized outpatient mental health clinic and offered a standardized intensive PE. The intensive PE consisted of three daily 90-min exposure sessions delivered on five consecutive weekdays, followed by 3 weekly 90-min booster sessions. In a single-trial design, the participants were randomly allocated to one of five baseline lengths (4–8 weeks) before starting the intensive PE. Before, during, and after intensive PE completion, self-reported PTSD symptom severity was assessed weekly as a primary outcome (a total of 21 measurements). Furthermore, clinician-administered PTSD diagnostic status and symptom severity (primary outcome), as well as self-reported comorbid symptoms (secondary outcomes), were assessed at four single time points (baseline-to-6-month follow-up). Results Time-series analyses showed that self-reported PTSD symptom severity significantly declined following treatment (p = .002). Pre-postgroup analyses demonstrated significant reductions of clinician-administered PTSD symptom severity and self-reported comorbidity that persisted during the 3- and 6-month follow-ups (all ps < .05), where 80% of adolescents had reached diagnostic remission of PTSD. There was neither treatment dropout nor any adverse events. Conclusions The results of this first proof of concept trial suggest that intensive PE can be effective and safe in an adolescent population with complex PTSD, although the gains achieved need to be confirmed in a randomized controlled trial. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12756 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=326 [article] Intensive prolonged exposure treatment for adolescent complex posttraumatic stress disorder: a single-trial design [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Lotte HENDRIKS, Auteur ; Rianne A. DE KLEINE, Auteur ; Mieke HEYVAERT, Auteur ; Eni S. BECKER, Auteur ; Gert-Jan HENDRIKS, Auteur ; Agnes VAN MINNEN, Auteur . - p.1229-1238. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 58-11 (November 2017) . - p.1229-1238 Mots-clés : Complex PTSD  treatment outcome  adolescents  prolonged exposure  intensive treatment Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background The current study evaluated the effectiveness and safety of intensive prolonged exposure (PE) targeting adolescent patients with complex posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and comorbid disorders following multiple interpersonal trauma. Methods Ten adolescents meeting full diagnostic criteria for PTSD were recruited from a specialized outpatient mental health clinic and offered a standardized intensive PE. The intensive PE consisted of three daily 90-min exposure sessions delivered on five consecutive weekdays, followed by 3 weekly 90-min booster sessions. In a single-trial design, the participants were randomly allocated to one of five baseline lengths (4–8 weeks) before starting the intensive PE. Before, during, and after intensive PE completion, self-reported PTSD symptom severity was assessed weekly as a primary outcome (a total of 21 measurements). Furthermore, clinician-administered PTSD diagnostic status and symptom severity (primary outcome), as well as self-reported comorbid symptoms (secondary outcomes), were assessed at four single time points (baseline-to-6-month follow-up). Results Time-series analyses showed that self-reported PTSD symptom severity significantly declined following treatment (p = .002). Pre-postgroup analyses demonstrated significant reductions of clinician-administered PTSD symptom severity and self-reported comorbidity that persisted during the 3- and 6-month follow-ups (all ps < .05), where 80% of adolescents had reached diagnostic remission of PTSD. There was neither treatment dropout nor any adverse events. Conclusions The results of this first proof of concept trial suggest that intensive PE can be effective and safe in an adolescent population with complex PTSD, although the gains achieved need to be confirmed in a randomized controlled trial. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12756 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=326

Homotypic and heterotypic continuity of symptoms of psychiatric disorders from age 4 to 10 years: a dynamic panel model / Lars WICHSTRØM in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 58-11 (November 2017)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 58-11 (November 2017) . - p.1239-1247 Titre : Homotypic and heterotypic continuity of symptoms of psychiatric disorders from age 4 to 10 years: a dynamic panel model Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Lars WICHSTRØM, Auteur ; Jay BELSKY, Auteur ; Silje STEINSBEKK, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1239-1247 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder  anxiety  conduct disorder  continuity  depression  fixed effects  heterotypic  homotypic  longitudinal  life-events  oppositional defiant disorder  prospective  psychiatric disorder  symptoms Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Childhood psychiatric disorders and their symptoms evince both within-disorder (homotypic) and between-disorder (heterotypic) continuities. These continuities may be due to earlier symptoms causing later symptoms or, alternatively, that the same (unknown) causes (e.g., genetics) are operating across time. Applying a novel data analytic approach, we disentangle these two explanations. Methods Participants in a Norwegian community study were assessed biennially from 4 to 10 years of age with clinical interviews (n = 1,042). Prospective reciprocal relations between symptoms of disorders were analyzed with a dynamic panel model within a structural equation framework, adjusting for all unmeasured time-invariant confounders and time-varying negative life-events. Results Homotypic continuities in symptoms characterized all disorders; strongest for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) (r = .32–.62), moderate for behavioral disorders (r = .31–.48) and for anxiety and depression (r = .15–.40), and stronger between 8 and 10 than between 4 and 6 years. Heterotypic continuity also characterized all disorders. A dynamic panel model showed that most continuities were due to unmeasured time-invariant factors rather than effects of earlier symptoms on later symptoms, although symptoms of behavioral disorders, which evinced two-year homotypic continuity (B = .14, 95% CI: .04, .25), did influence later symptoms of ADHD (B = .13, CI: .03, .23), and earlier ADHD symptoms influenced later anxiety disorder symptoms (B = .07, CI: .01, .12). Conclusions Homotypic and heterotypic continuities of symptoms of childhood psychiatric disorders are mostly due to unobserved time-invariant factors. Nonetheless, symptoms of earlier behavioral disorders may affect later symptoms of such disorders and of ADHD, and ADHD may increase the risk of later anxiety. Thus, even if interventions do not alter basic etiological factors, symptom reduction may itself cause later symptom reduction. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12754 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=326 [article] Homotypic and heterotypic continuity of symptoms of psychiatric disorders from age 4 to 10 years: a dynamic panel model [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Lars WICHSTRØM, Auteur ; Jay BELSKY, Auteur ; Silje STEINSBEKK, Auteur . - p.1239-1247. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 58-11 (November 2017) . - p.1239-1247 Mots-clés : Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder  anxiety  conduct disorder  continuity  depression  fixed effects  heterotypic  homotypic  longitudinal  life-events  oppositional defiant disorder  prospective  psychiatric disorder  symptoms Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Childhood psychiatric disorders and their symptoms evince both within-disorder (homotypic) and between-disorder (heterotypic) continuities. These continuities may be due to earlier symptoms causing later symptoms or, alternatively, that the same (unknown) causes (e.g., genetics) are operating across time. Applying a novel data analytic approach, we disentangle these two explanations. Methods Participants in a Norwegian community study were assessed biennially from 4 to 10 years of age with clinical interviews (n = 1,042). Prospective reciprocal relations between symptoms of disorders were analyzed with a dynamic panel model within a structural equation framework, adjusting for all unmeasured time-invariant confounders and time-varying negative life-events. Results Homotypic continuities in symptoms characterized all disorders; strongest for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) (r = .32–.62), moderate for behavioral disorders (r = .31–.48) and for anxiety and depression (r = .15–.40), and stronger between 8 and 10 than between 4 and 6 years. Heterotypic continuity also characterized all disorders. A dynamic panel model showed that most continuities were due to unmeasured time-invariant factors rather than effects of earlier symptoms on later symptoms, although symptoms of behavioral disorders, which evinced two-year homotypic continuity (B = .14, 95% CI: .04, .25), did influence later symptoms of ADHD (B = .13, CI: .03, .23), and earlier ADHD symptoms influenced later anxiety disorder symptoms (B = .07, CI: .01, .12). Conclusions Homotypic and heterotypic continuities of symptoms of childhood psychiatric disorders are mostly due to unobserved time-invariant factors. Nonetheless, symptoms of earlier behavioral disorders may affect later symptoms of such disorders and of ADHD, and ADHD may increase the risk of later anxiety. Thus, even if interventions do not alter basic etiological factors, symptom reduction may itself cause later symptom reduction. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12754 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=326

Commentary: The dynamic panel model: a promising approach to clarify sources of influence in developmental psychopathology – a commentary on Wichstrøm et al. (2017) / Annette M. KLEIN in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 58-11 (November 2017)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 58-11 (November 2017) . - p.1248-1250 Titre : Commentary: The dynamic panel model: a promising approach to clarify sources of influence in developmental psychopathology – a commentary on Wichstrøm et al. (2017) Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Annette M. KLEIN, Auteur ; Sarah BERGMANN, Auteur ; Lars O. WHITE, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1248-1250 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : In their study, Wichstrøm et al. (2017) have proposed a novel groundbreaking approach for developmental psychopathology that undoubtedly will inspire other research. Applying the dynamic panel model (DPM), the authors were able to show that within-disorder (homotypic) and between-disorder (heterotypic) continuities of psychiatric symptoms are mostly due to unmeasured time-invariant factors while only few effects of earlier symptoms on later symptoms remained significant after accounting for these factors. The DPM calls for future applications of this approach to samples across different countries, diverse developmental phases, and in various settings – community samples and clinical samples alike. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12820 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=326 [article] Commentary: The dynamic panel model: a promising approach to clarify sources of influence in developmental psychopathology – a commentary on Wichstrøm et al. (2017) [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Annette M. KLEIN, Auteur ; Sarah BERGMANN, Auteur ; Lars O. WHITE, Auteur . - p.1248-1250. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 58-11 (November 2017) . - p.1248-1250 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : In their study, Wichstrøm et al. (2017) have proposed a novel groundbreaking approach for developmental psychopathology that undoubtedly will inspire other research. Applying the dynamic panel model (DPM), the authors were able to show that within-disorder (homotypic) and between-disorder (heterotypic) continuities of psychiatric symptoms are mostly due to unmeasured time-invariant factors while only few effects of earlier symptoms on later symptoms remained significant after accounting for these factors. The DPM calls for future applications of this approach to samples across different countries, diverse developmental phases, and in various settings – community samples and clinical samples alike. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12820 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=326

Statistical word learning in children with autism spectrum disorder and specific language impairment / Eileen HAEBIG in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 58-11 (November 2017)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 58-11 (November 2017) . - p.1251-1263 Titre : Statistical word learning in children with autism spectrum disorder and specific language impairment Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Eileen HAEBIG, Auteur ; Jenny SAFFRAN, Auteur ; Susan ELLIS WEISMER, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1251-1263 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Specific language impairment  autism spectrum disorder Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Word learning is an important component of language development that influences child outcomes across multiple domains. Despite the importance of word knowledge, word-learning mechanisms are poorly understood in children with specific language impairment (SLI) and children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This study examined underlying mechanisms of word learning, specifically, statistical learning and fast-mapping, in school-aged children with typical and atypical development. Methods Statistical learning was assessed through a word segmentation task and fast-mapping was examined in an object-label association task. We also examined children's ability to map meaning onto newly segmented words in a third task that combined exposure to an artificial language and a fast-mapping task. Results Children with SLI had poorer performance on the word segmentation and fast-mapping tasks relative to the typically developing and ASD groups, who did not differ from one another. However, when children with SLI were exposed to an artificial language with phonemes used in the subsequent fast-mapping task, they successfully learned more words than in the isolated fast-mapping task. There was some evidence that word segmentation abilities are associated with word learning in school-aged children with typical development and ASD, but not SLI. Follow-up analyses also examined performance in children with ASD who did and did not have a language impairment. Children with ASD with language impairment evidenced intact statistical learning abilities, but subtle weaknesses in fast-mapping abilities. Conclusions As the Procedural Deficit Hypothesis (PDH) predicts, children with SLI have impairments in statistical learning. However, children with SLI also have impairments in fast-mapping. Nonetheless, they are able to take advantage of additional phonological exposure to boost subsequent word-learning performance. In contrast to the PDH, children with ASD appear to have intact statistical learning, regardless of language status; however, fast-mapping abilities differ according to broader language skills. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12734 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=326 [article] Statistical word learning in children with autism spectrum disorder and specific language impairment [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Eileen HAEBIG, Auteur ; Jenny SAFFRAN, Auteur ; Susan ELLIS WEISMER, Auteur . - p.1251-1263. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 58-11 (November 2017) . - p.1251-1263 Mots-clés : Specific language impairment  autism spectrum disorder Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Word learning is an important component of language development that influences child outcomes across multiple domains. Despite the importance of word knowledge, word-learning mechanisms are poorly understood in children with specific language impairment (SLI) and children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This study examined underlying mechanisms of word learning, specifically, statistical learning and fast-mapping, in school-aged children with typical and atypical development. Methods Statistical learning was assessed through a word segmentation task and fast-mapping was examined in an object-label association task. We also examined children's ability to map meaning onto newly segmented words in a third task that combined exposure to an artificial language and a fast-mapping task. Results Children with SLI had poorer performance on the word segmentation and fast-mapping tasks relative to the typically developing and ASD groups, who did not differ from one another. However, when children with SLI were exposed to an artificial language with phonemes used in the subsequent fast-mapping task, they successfully learned more words than in the isolated fast-mapping task. There was some evidence that word segmentation abilities are associated with word learning in school-aged children with typical development and ASD, but not SLI. Follow-up analyses also examined performance in children with ASD who did and did not have a language impairment. Children with ASD with language impairment evidenced intact statistical learning abilities, but subtle weaknesses in fast-mapping abilities. Conclusions As the Procedural Deficit Hypothesis (PDH) predicts, children with SLI have impairments in statistical learning. However, children with SLI also have impairments in fast-mapping. Nonetheless, they are able to take advantage of additional phonological exposure to boost subsequent word-learning performance. In contrast to the PDH, children with ASD appear to have intact statistical learning, regardless of language status; however, fast-mapping abilities differ according to broader language skills. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12734 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=326

Predictors and pathways of language and motor development in four prospective cohorts of young children in Ghana, Malawi, and Burkina Faso / Elizabeth L. PRADO in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 58-11 (November 2017)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 58-11 (November 2017) . - p.1264-1275 Titre : Predictors and pathways of language and motor development in four prospective cohorts of young children in Ghana, Malawi, and Burkina Faso Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Elizabeth L. PRADO, Auteur ; Souheila ABBEDDOU, Auteur ; Seth ADU-AFARWUAH, Auteur ; Mary ARIMOND, Auteur ; Per ASHORN, Auteur ; Ulla ASHORN, Auteur ; Jaden BENDABENDA, Auteur ; Kenneth H. BROWN, Auteur ; Sonja Y. HESS, Auteur ; Emma KORTEKANGAS, Auteur ; Anna LARTEY, Auteur ; Kenneth MALETA, Auteur ; Brietta M. OAKS, Auteur ; Eugenia OCANSEY, Auteur ; Harriet OKRONIPA, Auteur ; Jean Bosco OUÉDRAOGO, Auteur ; Anna PULAKKA, Auteur ; Jérôme W. SOMÉ, Auteur ; Christine P. STEWART, Auteur ; Robert C. STEWART, Auteur ; Stephen A. VOSTI, Auteur ; Elizabeth YAKES JIMENEZ, Auteur ; Kathryn G. DEWEY, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1264-1275 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Language development  motor development  risk factors  low- and middle-income countries  stimulation  nutrition  growth  lipid-based nutrient supplements  iLiNS Project Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Previous reviews have identified 44 risk factors for poor early child development (ECD) in low- and middle-income countries. Further understanding of their relative influence and pathways is needed to inform the design of interventions targeting ECD. Methods We conducted path analyses of factors associated with 18-month language and motor development in four prospective cohorts of children who participated in trials conducted as part of the International Lipid-Based Nutrient Supplements (iLiNS) Project in Ghana (n = 1,023), Malawi (n = 675 and 1,385), and Burkina Faso (n = 1,122). In two cohorts, women were enrolled during pregnancy. In two cohorts, infants were enrolled at 6 or 9 months. In multiple linear regression and structural equation models (SEM), we examined 22 out of 44 factors identified in previous reviews, plus 12 additional factors expected to be associated with ECD. Results Out of 42 indicators of the 34 factors examined, 6 were associated with 18-month language and/or motor development in 3 or 4 cohorts: child linear and ponderal growth, variety of play materials, activities with caregivers, dietary diversity, and child hemoglobin/iron status. Factors that were not associated with child development were indicators of maternal Hb/iron status, maternal illness and inflammation during pregnancy, maternal perceived stress and depression, exclusive breastfeeding during 6 months postpartum, and child diarrhea, fever, malaria, and acute respiratory infections. Associations between socioeconomic status and language development were consistently mediated to a greater extent by caregiving practices than by maternal or child biomedical conditions, while this pattern for motor development was not consistent across cohorts. Conclusions Key elements of interventions to ensure quality ECD are likely to be promotion of caregiver activities with children, a variety of play materials, and a diverse diet, and prevention of faltering in linear and ponderal growth and improvement in child hemoglobin/iron status. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12751 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=326 [article] Predictors and pathways of language and motor development in four prospective cohorts of young children in Ghana, Malawi, and Burkina Faso [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Elizabeth L. PRADO, Auteur ; Souheila ABBEDDOU, Auteur ; Seth ADU-AFARWUAH, Auteur ; Mary ARIMOND, Auteur ; Per ASHORN, Auteur ; Ulla ASHORN, Auteur ; Jaden BENDABENDA, Auteur ; Kenneth H. BROWN, Auteur ; Sonja Y. HESS, Auteur ; Emma KORTEKANGAS, Auteur ; Anna LARTEY, Auteur ; Kenneth MALETA, Auteur ; Brietta M. OAKS, Auteur ; Eugenia OCANSEY, Auteur ; Harriet OKRONIPA, Auteur ; Jean Bosco OUÉDRAOGO, Auteur ; Anna PULAKKA, Auteur ; Jérôme W. SOMÉ, Auteur ; Christine P. STEWART, Auteur ; Robert C. STEWART, Auteur ; Stephen A. VOSTI, Auteur ; Elizabeth YAKES JIMENEZ, Auteur ; Kathryn G. DEWEY, Auteur . - p.1264-1275. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 58-11 (November 2017) . - p.1264-1275 Mots-clés : Language development  motor development  risk factors  low- and middle-income countries  stimulation  nutrition  growth  lipid-based nutrient supplements  iLiNS Project Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Previous reviews have identified 44 risk factors for poor early child development (ECD) in low- and middle-income countries. Further understanding of their relative influence and pathways is needed to inform the design of interventions targeting ECD. Methods We conducted path analyses of factors associated with 18-month language and motor development in four prospective cohorts of children who participated in trials conducted as part of the International Lipid-Based Nutrient Supplements (iLiNS) Project in Ghana (n = 1,023), Malawi (n = 675 and 1,385), and Burkina Faso (n = 1,122). In two cohorts, women were enrolled during pregnancy. In two cohorts, infants were enrolled at 6 or 9 months. In multiple linear regression and structural equation models (SEM), we examined 22 out of 44 factors identified in previous reviews, plus 12 additional factors expected to be associated with ECD. Results Out of 42 indicators of the 34 factors examined, 6 were associated with 18-month language and/or motor development in 3 or 4 cohorts: child linear and ponderal growth, variety of play materials, activities with caregivers, dietary diversity, and child hemoglobin/iron status. Factors that were not associated with child development were indicators of maternal Hb/iron status, maternal illness and inflammation during pregnancy, maternal perceived stress and depression, exclusive breastfeeding during 6 months postpartum, and child diarrhea, fever, malaria, and acute respiratory infections. Associations between socioeconomic status and language development were consistently mediated to a greater extent by caregiving practices than by maternal or child biomedical conditions, while this pattern for motor development was not consistent across cohorts. Conclusions Key elements of interventions to ensure quality ECD are likely to be promotion of caregiver activities with children, a variety of play materials, and a diverse diet, and prevention of faltering in linear and ponderal growth and improvement in child hemoglobin/iron status. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12751 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=326

Anxiety symptoms and children's eye gaze during fear learning / Kalina J. MICHALSKA in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 58-11 (November 2017)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 58-11 (November 2017) . - p.1276-1286 Titre : Anxiety symptoms and children's eye gaze during fear learning Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Kalina J. MICHALSKA, Auteur ; Laura MACHLIN, Auteur ; Elizabeth MORONEY, Auteur ; Daniel S. LOWET, Auteur ; John M. HETTEMA, Auteur ; Roxann ROBERSON-NAY, Auteur ; Bruno B. AVERBECK, Auteur ; Melissa A. BROTMAN, Auteur ; Eric E. NELSON, Auteur ; Ellen LEIBENLUFT, Auteur ; Daniel S. PINE, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1276-1286 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Eye gaze  face processing  anxiety  conditioning  psychophysiology Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background The eye region of the face is particularly relevant for decoding threat-related signals, such as fear. However, it is unclear if gaze patterns to the eyes can be influenced by fear learning. Previous studies examining gaze patterns in adults find an association between anxiety and eye gaze avoidance, although no studies to date examine how associations between anxiety symptoms and eye-viewing patterns manifest in children. The current study examined the effects of learning and trait anxiety on eye gaze using a face-based fear conditioning task developed for use in children. Methods Participants were 82 youth from a general population sample of twins (aged 9–13 years), exhibiting a range of anxiety symptoms. Participants underwent a fear conditioning paradigm where the conditioned stimuli (CS+) were two neutral faces, one of which was randomly selected to be paired with an aversive scream. Eye tracking, physiological, and subjective data were acquired. Children and parents reported their child's anxiety using the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders. Results Conditioning influenced eye gaze patterns in that children looked longer and more frequently to the eye region of the CS+ than CS? face; this effect was present only during fear acquisition, not at baseline or extinction. Furthermore, consistent with past work in adults, anxiety symptoms were associated with eye gaze avoidance. Finally, gaze duration to the eye region mediated the effect of anxious traits on self-reported fear during acquisition. Conclusions Anxiety symptoms in children relate to face-viewing strategies deployed in the context of a fear learning experiment. This relationship may inform attempts to understand the relationship between pediatric anxiety symptoms and learning. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12749 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=326 [article] Anxiety symptoms and children's eye gaze during fear learning [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Kalina J. MICHALSKA, Auteur ; Laura MACHLIN, Auteur ; Elizabeth MORONEY, Auteur ; Daniel S. LOWET, Auteur ; John M. HETTEMA, Auteur ; Roxann ROBERSON-NAY, Auteur ; Bruno B. AVERBECK, Auteur ; Melissa A. BROTMAN, Auteur ; Eric E. NELSON, Auteur ; Ellen LEIBENLUFT, Auteur ; Daniel S. PINE, Auteur . - p.1276-1286. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 58-11 (November 2017) . - p.1276-1286 Mots-clés : Eye gaze  face processing  anxiety  conditioning  psychophysiology Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background The eye region of the face is particularly relevant for decoding threat-related signals, such as fear. However, it is unclear if gaze patterns to the eyes can be influenced by fear learning. Previous studies examining gaze patterns in adults find an association between anxiety and eye gaze avoidance, although no studies to date examine how associations between anxiety symptoms and eye-viewing patterns manifest in children. The current study examined the effects of learning and trait anxiety on eye gaze using a face-based fear conditioning task developed for use in children. Methods Participants were 82 youth from a general population sample of twins (aged 9–13 years), exhibiting a range of anxiety symptoms. Participants underwent a fear conditioning paradigm where the conditioned stimuli (CS+) were two neutral faces, one of which was randomly selected to be paired with an aversive scream. Eye tracking, physiological, and subjective data were acquired. Children and parents reported their child's anxiety using the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders. Results Conditioning influenced eye gaze patterns in that children looked longer and more frequently to the eye region of the CS+ than CS? face; this effect was present only during fear acquisition, not at baseline or extinction. Furthermore, consistent with past work in adults, anxiety symptoms were associated with eye gaze avoidance. Finally, gaze duration to the eye region mediated the effect of anxious traits on self-reported fear during acquisition. Conclusions Anxiety symptoms in children relate to face-viewing strategies deployed in the context of a fear learning experiment. This relationship may inform attempts to understand the relationship between pediatric anxiety symptoms and learning. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12749 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=326