Dépouillements

Autism spectrum disorder and schizophrenia: An updated conceptual review / Amandeep JUTLA in Autism Research, 15-3 (March 2022)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 15-3 (March 2022) . - p.384-412 Titre : Autism spectrum disorder and schizophrenia: An updated conceptual review Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Amandeep JUTLA, Auteur ; Jennifer FOSS-FEIG, Auteur ; Jeremy VEENSTRA-VANDERWEELE, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.384-412 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and schizophrenia (SCZ) are separate disorders, with distinct clinical profiles and natural histories. ASD, typically diagnosed in childhood, is characterized by restricted or repetitive interests or behaviors and impaired social communication, and it tends to have a stable course. SCZ, typically diagnosed in adolescence or adulthood, is characterized by hallucinations and delusions, and tends to be associated with declining function. However, youth with ASD are three to six times more likely to develop SCZ than their neurotypical counterparts, and increasingly, research has shown that ASD and SCZ converge at several levels. We conducted a systematic review of studies since 2013 relevant to understanding this convergence, and present here a narrative synthesis of key findings, which we have organized into four broad categories: symptoms and behavior, perception and cognition, biomarkers, and genetic and environmental risk. We then discuss opportunities for future research into the phenomenology and neurobiology of overlap between ASD and SCZ. Understanding this overlap will allow for researchers, and eventually clinicians, to understand the factors that may make a child with ASD vulnerable to developing SCZ. Lay Summary Autism spectrum disorder and schizophrenia are distinct diagnoses, but people with autism and people with schizophrena share several characteristics. We review recent studies that have examined these areas of overlap, and discuss the kinds of studies we will need to better understand how these disorders are related. Understanding this will be important to help us identify which autistic children are at risk of developing schizophrenia. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.2659 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=473 [article] Autism spectrum disorder and schizophrenia: An updated conceptual review [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Amandeep JUTLA, Auteur ; Jennifer FOSS-FEIG, Auteur ; Jeremy VEENSTRA-VANDERWEELE, Auteur . - p.384-412. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 15-3 (March 2022) . - p.384-412 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and schizophrenia (SCZ) are separate disorders, with distinct clinical profiles and natural histories. ASD, typically diagnosed in childhood, is characterized by restricted or repetitive interests or behaviors and impaired social communication, and it tends to have a stable course. SCZ, typically diagnosed in adolescence or adulthood, is characterized by hallucinations and delusions, and tends to be associated with declining function. However, youth with ASD are three to six times more likely to develop SCZ than their neurotypical counterparts, and increasingly, research has shown that ASD and SCZ converge at several levels. We conducted a systematic review of studies since 2013 relevant to understanding this convergence, and present here a narrative synthesis of key findings, which we have organized into four broad categories: symptoms and behavior, perception and cognition, biomarkers, and genetic and environmental risk. We then discuss opportunities for future research into the phenomenology and neurobiology of overlap between ASD and SCZ. Understanding this overlap will allow for researchers, and eventually clinicians, to understand the factors that may make a child with ASD vulnerable to developing SCZ. Lay Summary Autism spectrum disorder and schizophrenia are distinct diagnoses, but people with autism and people with schizophrena share several characteristics. We review recent studies that have examined these areas of overlap, and discuss the kinds of studies we will need to better understand how these disorders are related. Understanding this will be important to help us identify which autistic children are at risk of developing schizophrenia. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.2659 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=473

Experiences of student and trainee autism researchers during the COVID-19 pandemic / Sowmyashree Mayur KAKU in Autism Research, 15-3 (March 2022)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 15-3 (March 2022) . - p.413-420 Titre : Experiences of student and trainee autism researchers during the COVID-19 pandemic Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Sowmyashree Mayur KAKU, Auteur ; Alana J. MCVEY, Auteur ; Alan H. GERBER, Auteur ; Charlotte M. PRETZSCH, Auteur ; Desiree R. JONES, Auteur ; Fathima Muhsina KODAKKADAN, Auteur ; Jiedi LEI, Auteur ; Lauren SINGER, Auteur ; Lucy CHITEHWE, Auteur ; Rebecca Elizabeth POULSEN, Auteur ; Marika COFFMAN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.413-420 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract Circumstances surrounding the COVID-19 pandemic have resulted in significant personal and professional adjustments. Students and trainees, including those in autism research, face unique challenges to accomplishing their training and career goals during this unprecedented time. In this commentary, we, as members of the International Society for Autism Research Student and Trainee Committee, describe our personal experiences, which may or may not align with those of other students and trainees. Our experiences have varied both in terms of the ease (or lack thereof) with which we adapted and the degree to which we were supported in the transition to online research and clinical practice. We faced and continue to adjust to uncertainties about future training and academic positions, for which opportunities have been in decline and have subsequently negatively impacted our mental health. Students and trainees' prospects have been particularly impacted compared to more established researchers and faculty. In addition to the challenges we have faced, however, there have also been unexpected benefits in our training during the pandemic, which we describe here. We have learned new coping strategies which, we believe, have served us well. The overarching goal of this commentary is to describe these experiences and strategies in the hope that they will benefit the autism research community moving forward. Here, we provide a set of recommendations for faculty, especially mentors, to support students and trainees as well as strategies for students and trainees to bolster their self-advocacy, both of which we see as crucial for our future careers. Lay Summary The COVID-19 pandemic has affected students and trainees, including those in autism research, in different ways. Here, we describe our personal experiences. These experiences include challenges. For example, it has been difficult to move from in-person to online work. It has also been difficult to keep up with work and training goals. Moreover, working from home has made it hard to connect with our supervisors and mentors. As a result, many of us have felt unsure about how to make the best career choices. Working in clinical services and getting to know and support our patients online has also been challenging. Overall, the pandemic has made us feel more isolated and some of us have struggled to cope with that. On the other hand, our experiences have also included benefits. For example, by working online, we have been able to join meetings all over the world. Also, the pandemic has pushed us to learn new skills. Those include technical skills but also skills for well-being. Next, we describe our experiences of returning to work. Finally, we give recommendations for trainees and supervisors on how to support each other and to build a strong community. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.2662 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=473 [article] Experiences of student and trainee autism researchers during the COVID-19 pandemic [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Sowmyashree Mayur KAKU, Auteur ; Alana J. MCVEY, Auteur ; Alan H. GERBER, Auteur ; Charlotte M. PRETZSCH, Auteur ; Desiree R. JONES, Auteur ; Fathima Muhsina KODAKKADAN, Auteur ; Jiedi LEI, Auteur ; Lauren SINGER, Auteur ; Lucy CHITEHWE, Auteur ; Rebecca Elizabeth POULSEN, Auteur ; Marika COFFMAN, Auteur . - p.413-420. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 15-3 (March 2022) . - p.413-420 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract Circumstances surrounding the COVID-19 pandemic have resulted in significant personal and professional adjustments. Students and trainees, including those in autism research, face unique challenges to accomplishing their training and career goals during this unprecedented time. In this commentary, we, as members of the International Society for Autism Research Student and Trainee Committee, describe our personal experiences, which may or may not align with those of other students and trainees. Our experiences have varied both in terms of the ease (or lack thereof) with which we adapted and the degree to which we were supported in the transition to online research and clinical practice. We faced and continue to adjust to uncertainties about future training and academic positions, for which opportunities have been in decline and have subsequently negatively impacted our mental health. Students and trainees' prospects have been particularly impacted compared to more established researchers and faculty. In addition to the challenges we have faced, however, there have also been unexpected benefits in our training during the pandemic, which we describe here. We have learned new coping strategies which, we believe, have served us well. The overarching goal of this commentary is to describe these experiences and strategies in the hope that they will benefit the autism research community moving forward. Here, we provide a set of recommendations for faculty, especially mentors, to support students and trainees as well as strategies for students and trainees to bolster their self-advocacy, both of which we see as crucial for our future careers. Lay Summary The COVID-19 pandemic has affected students and trainees, including those in autism research, in different ways. Here, we describe our personal experiences. These experiences include challenges. For example, it has been difficult to move from in-person to online work. It has also been difficult to keep up with work and training goals. Moreover, working from home has made it hard to connect with our supervisors and mentors. As a result, many of us have felt unsure about how to make the best career choices. Working in clinical services and getting to know and support our patients online has also been challenging. Overall, the pandemic has made us feel more isolated and some of us have struggled to cope with that. On the other hand, our experiences have also included benefits. For example, by working online, we have been able to join meetings all over the world. Also, the pandemic has pushed us to learn new skills. Those include technical skills but also skills for well-being. Next, we describe our experiences of returning to work. Finally, we give recommendations for trainees and supervisors on how to support each other and to build a strong community. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.2662 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=473

LRFN5 locus structure is associated with autism and influenced by the sex of the individual and locus conversions / Helle LYBÆK in Autism Research, 15-3 (March 2022)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 15-3 (March 2022) . - p.421-433 Titre : LRFN5 locus structure is associated with autism and influenced by the sex of the individual and locus conversions Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Helle LYBÆK, Auteur ; Michael ROBSON, Auteur ; Nicole DE LEEUW, Auteur ; Jayne Y. HEHIR-KWA, Auteur ; Aaron JEFFRIES, Auteur ; Bjørn Ivar HAUKANES, Auteur ; Siren BERLAND, Auteur ; Diederik DE BRUIJN, Auteur ; Stefan MUNDLOS, Auteur ; Malte SPIELMANN, Auteur ; Gunnar HOUGE, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.421-433 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract LRFN5 is a regulator of synaptic development and the only gene in a 5.4 Mb mammalian-specific conserved topologically associating domain (TAD); the LRFN5 locus. An association between locus structural changes and developmental delay (DD) and/or autism was suggested by several cases in DECIPHER and own records. More significantly, we found that maternal inheritance of a specific LRFN5 locus haplotype segregated with an identical type of autism in distantly related males. This autism-susceptibility haplotype had a specific TAD pattern. We also found a male/female quantitative difference in the amount histone-3-lysine-9-associated chromatin around the LRFN5 gene itself (p? En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.2677 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=473 [article] LRFN5 locus structure is associated with autism and influenced by the sex of the individual and locus conversions [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Helle LYBÆK, Auteur ; Michael ROBSON, Auteur ; Nicole DE LEEUW, Auteur ; Jayne Y. HEHIR-KWA, Auteur ; Aaron JEFFRIES, Auteur ; Bjørn Ivar HAUKANES, Auteur ; Siren BERLAND, Auteur ; Diederik DE BRUIJN, Auteur ; Stefan MUNDLOS, Auteur ; Malte SPIELMANN, Auteur ; Gunnar HOUGE, Auteur . - p.421-433. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 15-3 (March 2022) . - p.421-433 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract LRFN5 is a regulator of synaptic development and the only gene in a 5.4 Mb mammalian-specific conserved topologically associating domain (TAD); the LRFN5 locus. An association between locus structural changes and developmental delay (DD) and/or autism was suggested by several cases in DECIPHER and own records. More significantly, we found that maternal inheritance of a specific LRFN5 locus haplotype segregated with an identical type of autism in distantly related males. This autism-susceptibility haplotype had a specific TAD pattern. We also found a male/female quantitative difference in the amount histone-3-lysine-9-associated chromatin around the LRFN5 gene itself (p? En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.2677 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=473

Rare variants in the outcome of social skills group training for autism / Danyang LI in Autism Research, 15-3 (March 2022)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 15-3 (March 2022) . - p.434-446 Titre : Rare variants in the outcome of social skills group training for autism Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Danyang LI, Auteur ; Nora CHOQUE OLSSON, Auteur ; Martin BECKER, Auteur ; Abishek ARORA, Auteur ; Hong JIAO, Auteur ; Nina NORGREN, Auteur ; Ulf JONSSON, Auteur ; Sven BÖLTE, Auteur ; Kristiina TAMMIMIES, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.434-446 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract Exome sequencing has been proposed as the first-tier genetic testing in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Here, we performed exome sequencing in autistic individuals with average to high intellectual abilities (N = 207) to identify molecular diagnoses and genetic modifiers of intervention outcomes of social skills group training (SSGT) or standard care. We prioritized variants of clinical significance (VCS), variants of uncertain significance (VUS) and generated a pilot scheme to calculate genetic scores of rare and common variants in ASD-related gene pathways. Mixed linear models were used to test the association between the carrier status of VCS/VUS or the genetic scores with intervention outcomes measured by the social responsiveness scale. Additionally, we combined behavioral and genetic features using a machine learning (ML) model to predict the individual response. We showed a rate of 4.4% and 11.3% of VCS and VUS in the cohort, respectively. Individuals with VCS or VUS had improved significantly less after standard care than non-carriers at post-intervention (? = 9.35; p = 0.036), while no such association was observed for SSGT (? = ?2.50; p = 0.65). Higher rare variant genetic scores for synaptic transmission and regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II were separately associated with less beneficial (? = 8.30, p = 0.0044) or more beneficial (? = ?6.79, p = 0.014) effects after SSGT compared with standard care at follow-up, respectively. Our ML model showed the importance of rare variants for outcome prediction. Further studies are needed to understand genetic predisposition to intervention outcomes in ASD. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.2666 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=473 [article] Rare variants in the outcome of social skills group training for autism [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Danyang LI, Auteur ; Nora CHOQUE OLSSON, Auteur ; Martin BECKER, Auteur ; Abishek ARORA, Auteur ; Hong JIAO, Auteur ; Nina NORGREN, Auteur ; Ulf JONSSON, Auteur ; Sven BÖLTE, Auteur ; Kristiina TAMMIMIES, Auteur . - p.434-446. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 15-3 (March 2022) . - p.434-446 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract Exome sequencing has been proposed as the first-tier genetic testing in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Here, we performed exome sequencing in autistic individuals with average to high intellectual abilities (N = 207) to identify molecular diagnoses and genetic modifiers of intervention outcomes of social skills group training (SSGT) or standard care. We prioritized variants of clinical significance (VCS), variants of uncertain significance (VUS) and generated a pilot scheme to calculate genetic scores of rare and common variants in ASD-related gene pathways. Mixed linear models were used to test the association between the carrier status of VCS/VUS or the genetic scores with intervention outcomes measured by the social responsiveness scale. Additionally, we combined behavioral and genetic features using a machine learning (ML) model to predict the individual response. We showed a rate of 4.4% and 11.3% of VCS and VUS in the cohort, respectively. Individuals with VCS or VUS had improved significantly less after standard care than non-carriers at post-intervention (? = 9.35; p = 0.036), while no such association was observed for SSGT (? = ?2.50; p = 0.65). Higher rare variant genetic scores for synaptic transmission and regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II were separately associated with less beneficial (? = 8.30, p = 0.0044) or more beneficial (? = ?6.79, p = 0.014) effects after SSGT compared with standard care at follow-up, respectively. Our ML model showed the importance of rare variants for outcome prediction. Further studies are needed to understand genetic predisposition to intervention outcomes in ASD. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.2666 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=473

Heritability of social behavioral phenotypes and preliminary associations with autism spectrum disorder risk genes in rhesus macaques: A whole exome sequencing study / Chris GUNTER in Autism Research, 15-3 (March 2022)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 15-3 (March 2022) . - p.447-463 Titre : Heritability of social behavioral phenotypes and preliminary associations with autism spectrum disorder risk genes in rhesus macaques: A whole exome sequencing study Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Chris GUNTER, Auteur ; R. Alan HARRIS, Auteur ; Zsofia KOVACS-BALINT, Auteur ; Muthuswamy RAVEENDRAN, Auteur ; Vasiliki MICHOPOULOS, Auteur ; Jocelyne BACHEVALIER, Auteur ; Jessica RAPER, Auteur ; Mar M. SANCHEZ, Auteur ; Jeffrey ROGERS, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.447-463 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract Nonhuman primates and especially rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) have been indispensable animal models for studies of various aspects of neurobiology, developmental psychology, and other aspects of neuroscience. While remarkable progress has been made in our understanding of influences on atypical human social behavior, such as that observed in autism spectrum disorders (ASD), many significant questions remain. Improved understanding of the relationships among variation in specific genes and variation in expressed social behavior in a nonhuman primate would benefit efforts to investigate risk factors, developmental mechanisms, and potential therapies for behavioral disorders including ASD. To study genetic influences on key aspects of social behavior and interactions?individual competence and/or motivation for specific aspects of social behavior?we quantified individual variation in social interactions among juvenile rhesus macaques using both a standard macaque ethogram and a macaque-relevant modification of the human Social Responsiveness Scale. Our analyses demonstrate that various aspects of juvenile social behavior exhibit significant genetic heritability, with estimated quantitative genetic effects similar to that described for ASD in human children. We also performed exome sequencing and analyzed variants in 143 genes previously suggested to influence risk for human ASD. We find preliminary evidence for genetic association between specific variants and both individual behaviors and multi-behavioral factor scores. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration that spontaneous social behaviors performed by free-ranging juvenile rhesus macaques display significant genetic heritability and then to use exome sequencing data to examine potential macaque genetic associations in genes associated with human ASD. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.2675 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=473 [article] Heritability of social behavioral phenotypes and preliminary associations with autism spectrum disorder risk genes in rhesus macaques: A whole exome sequencing study [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Chris GUNTER, Auteur ; R. Alan HARRIS, Auteur ; Zsofia KOVACS-BALINT, Auteur ; Muthuswamy RAVEENDRAN, Auteur ; Vasiliki MICHOPOULOS, Auteur ; Jocelyne BACHEVALIER, Auteur ; Jessica RAPER, Auteur ; Mar M. SANCHEZ, Auteur ; Jeffrey ROGERS, Auteur . - p.447-463. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 15-3 (March 2022) . - p.447-463 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract Nonhuman primates and especially rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) have been indispensable animal models for studies of various aspects of neurobiology, developmental psychology, and other aspects of neuroscience. While remarkable progress has been made in our understanding of influences on atypical human social behavior, such as that observed in autism spectrum disorders (ASD), many significant questions remain. Improved understanding of the relationships among variation in specific genes and variation in expressed social behavior in a nonhuman primate would benefit efforts to investigate risk factors, developmental mechanisms, and potential therapies for behavioral disorders including ASD. To study genetic influences on key aspects of social behavior and interactions?individual competence and/or motivation for specific aspects of social behavior?we quantified individual variation in social interactions among juvenile rhesus macaques using both a standard macaque ethogram and a macaque-relevant modification of the human Social Responsiveness Scale. Our analyses demonstrate that various aspects of juvenile social behavior exhibit significant genetic heritability, with estimated quantitative genetic effects similar to that described for ASD in human children. We also performed exome sequencing and analyzed variants in 143 genes previously suggested to influence risk for human ASD. We find preliminary evidence for genetic association between specific variants and both individual behaviors and multi-behavioral factor scores. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration that spontaneous social behaviors performed by free-ranging juvenile rhesus macaques display significant genetic heritability and then to use exome sequencing data to examine potential macaque genetic associations in genes associated with human ASD. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.2675 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=473

Objective frequency analysis of transient visual evoked potentials in autistic children / Chloe BRITTENHAM in Autism Research, 15-3 (March 2022)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 15-3 (March 2022) . - p.464-480 Titre : Objective frequency analysis of transient visual evoked potentials in autistic children Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Chloe BRITTENHAM, Auteur ; James GORDON, Auteur ; Vance M. ZEMON, Auteur ; Paige M. SIPER, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.464-480 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract Visual evoked potentials (VEPs) provide a means to examine neural mechanisms in autism with high temporal resolution. Conventional VEP analysis relies on subjective inspection of a few points (peaks and troughs) in the time-domain waveform. The current study applied power spectral analysis and magnitude-squared coherence (MSC) statistics (frequency-domain measures) to VEPs recorded during 1-minute runs and with a recently developed short-duration technique that allow for objective examination of the responses (Zemon & Gordon, European Journal of Neuroscience, 2018, 48, 1765?1788) from nonautistic and autistic children. Results indicate that, for both groups, early time-domain measures (P60, N75, P100) are highly correlated with middle- and high-frequency (14?28 and 30?48?Hz, respectively) mechanisms, and late measures are highly correlated with a low-frequency (6?12?Hz) mechanism. One frequency-domain measure (power in the middle-frequency band) is capable of predicting the key amplitude measure (N75-P100) with high accuracy. MSC and power measures were combined to yield separate measures of signal and noise strength to evaluate alternate hypotheses in autism. Linear mixed-effects modeling demonstrated selective differences in early time-domain and middle-to-high frequency-domain measures in autistic children as compared to nonautistic children given both recording techniques, implicating weaker excitatory input to the cortex. Receiver-operating-characteristic curve analysis showed predictive diagnostic accuracy for middle- and high-frequency bands based on MSC. These findings support the value of frequency analysis measures (power spectral analysis and MSC) in the objective examination of neural differences in autism. Lay Summary Visual evoked potentials (VEPs) are used to assess neural mechanisms. Typically, VEPs are analyzed by subjective examination of time-series waveforms; but here objective techniques were applied to quantify VEP frequency components to investigate neural differences between autistic and nonautistic children. The objective measures demonstrate group differences in brain function that point to weaker excitatory input to the cortex in autism. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.2654 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=473 [article] Objective frequency analysis of transient visual evoked potentials in autistic children [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Chloe BRITTENHAM, Auteur ; James GORDON, Auteur ; Vance M. ZEMON, Auteur ; Paige M. SIPER, Auteur . - p.464-480. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 15-3 (March 2022) . - p.464-480 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract Visual evoked potentials (VEPs) provide a means to examine neural mechanisms in autism with high temporal resolution. Conventional VEP analysis relies on subjective inspection of a few points (peaks and troughs) in the time-domain waveform. The current study applied power spectral analysis and magnitude-squared coherence (MSC) statistics (frequency-domain measures) to VEPs recorded during 1-minute runs and with a recently developed short-duration technique that allow for objective examination of the responses (Zemon & Gordon, European Journal of Neuroscience, 2018, 48, 1765?1788) from nonautistic and autistic children. Results indicate that, for both groups, early time-domain measures (P60, N75, P100) are highly correlated with middle- and high-frequency (14?28 and 30?48?Hz, respectively) mechanisms, and late measures are highly correlated with a low-frequency (6?12?Hz) mechanism. One frequency-domain measure (power in the middle-frequency band) is capable of predicting the key amplitude measure (N75-P100) with high accuracy. MSC and power measures were combined to yield separate measures of signal and noise strength to evaluate alternate hypotheses in autism. Linear mixed-effects modeling demonstrated selective differences in early time-domain and middle-to-high frequency-domain measures in autistic children as compared to nonautistic children given both recording techniques, implicating weaker excitatory input to the cortex. Receiver-operating-characteristic curve analysis showed predictive diagnostic accuracy for middle- and high-frequency bands based on MSC. These findings support the value of frequency analysis measures (power spectral analysis and MSC) in the objective examination of neural differences in autism. Lay Summary Visual evoked potentials (VEPs) are used to assess neural mechanisms. Typically, VEPs are analyzed by subjective examination of time-series waveforms; but here objective techniques were applied to quantify VEP frequency components to investigate neural differences between autistic and nonautistic children. The objective measures demonstrate group differences in brain function that point to weaker excitatory input to the cortex in autism. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.2654 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=473

Early trajectories of motor skills in infant siblings of children with autism spectrum disorder / James W. PATTERSON in Autism Research, 15-3 (March 2022)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 15-3 (March 2022) . - p.481-492 Titre : Early trajectories of motor skills in infant siblings of children with autism spectrum disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : James W. PATTERSON, Auteur ; Vickie ARMSTRONG, Auteur ; Eric DUKU, Auteur ; Annie RICHARD, Auteur ; Martina FRANCHINI, Auteur ; Jessica BRIAN, Auteur ; Lonnie ZWAIGENBAUM, Auteur ; Susan E. BRYSON, Auteur ; Lori-Ann R. SACREY, Auteur ; Caroline RONCADIN, Auteur ; Isabel M. SMITH, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.481-492 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract Delays in motor development are not considered a core feature of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Yet, recent studies of infant siblings of children with ASD suggest that early delays in motor skills may be associated with later delays in developmental areas considered to be core features of an ASD diagnosis. While these studies demonstrate the longitudinal association between core features and motor delays observed at single time points, there is considerable interest in studying the trajectories of motor development over the first 3?years of life. To accomplish this, we investigated early trajectories of motor development in a cohort of 499 infant siblings of children with ASD and 176 children with no family history of ASD. Data for the current study were drawn from the prospective, multi-site, Canadian Infant Sibling Study. We evaluated trajectories of fine and gross motor development over the first 3?years using group-based trajectory modeling. Our results show that membership for both fine and gross motor trajectory groups was related to expressive language skills, receptive language skills, ASD symptom severity scores, and diagnostic classification at age 3. These results provide evidence that the trajectory of a child's early motor development may have important prognostic implications in ASD. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.2641 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=473 [article] Early trajectories of motor skills in infant siblings of children with autism spectrum disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / James W. PATTERSON, Auteur ; Vickie ARMSTRONG, Auteur ; Eric DUKU, Auteur ; Annie RICHARD, Auteur ; Martina FRANCHINI, Auteur ; Jessica BRIAN, Auteur ; Lonnie ZWAIGENBAUM, Auteur ; Susan E. BRYSON, Auteur ; Lori-Ann R. SACREY, Auteur ; Caroline RONCADIN, Auteur ; Isabel M. SMITH, Auteur . - p.481-492. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 15-3 (March 2022) . - p.481-492 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract Delays in motor development are not considered a core feature of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Yet, recent studies of infant siblings of children with ASD suggest that early delays in motor skills may be associated with later delays in developmental areas considered to be core features of an ASD diagnosis. While these studies demonstrate the longitudinal association between core features and motor delays observed at single time points, there is considerable interest in studying the trajectories of motor development over the first 3?years of life. To accomplish this, we investigated early trajectories of motor development in a cohort of 499 infant siblings of children with ASD and 176 children with no family history of ASD. Data for the current study were drawn from the prospective, multi-site, Canadian Infant Sibling Study. We evaluated trajectories of fine and gross motor development over the first 3?years using group-based trajectory modeling. Our results show that membership for both fine and gross motor trajectory groups was related to expressive language skills, receptive language skills, ASD symptom severity scores, and diagnostic classification at age 3. These results provide evidence that the trajectory of a child's early motor development may have important prognostic implications in ASD. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.2641 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=473

Comparing internal representations of facial expression kinematics between autistic and non-autistic adults / Connor T. KEATING in Autism Research, 15-3 (March 2022)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 15-3 (March 2022) . - p.493-506 Titre : Comparing internal representations of facial expression kinematics between autistic and non-autistic adults Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Connor T. KEATING, Auteur ; Sophie SOWDEN, Auteur ; Jennifer L. COOK, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.493-506 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract Recent developments suggest that autistic individuals require dynamic angry expressions to have a higher speed in order for them to be successfully identified. Therefore, it is plausible that autistic individuals do not have a ?deficit? in angry expression recognition, but rather their internal representation of these expressions is characterised by very high-speed movement. In this study, matched groups of autistic and non-autistic adults completed a novel emotion-based task which employed dynamic displays of happy, angry and sad point light facial (PLF) expressions. On each trial, participants moved a slider to manipulate the speed of a PLF stimulus until it moved at a speed that, in their ?mind's eye?, was typical of happy, angry or sad expressions. Participants were shown three different types of PLFs?those showing the full-face, only the eye region, and only the mouth region, wherein the latter two were included to test whether differences in facial information sampling underpinned any dissimilarities in speed attributions. Across both groups, participants attributed the highest speeds to angry, then happy, then sad, facial motion. Participants increased the speed of angry and happy expressions by 41% and 27% respectively and decreased the speed of sad expressions by 18%. This suggests that participants have ?caricatured? internal representations of emotion, wherein emotion-related kinematic cues are over-emphasised. There were no differences between autistic and non-autistic individuals in the speeds attributed to full-face and partial-face angry, happy and sad expressions respectively. Consequently, we find no evidence that autistic adults possess atypically fast internal representations of anger. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.2642 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=473 [article] Comparing internal representations of facial expression kinematics between autistic and non-autistic adults [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Connor T. KEATING, Auteur ; Sophie SOWDEN, Auteur ; Jennifer L. COOK, Auteur . - p.493-506. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 15-3 (March 2022) . - p.493-506 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract Recent developments suggest that autistic individuals require dynamic angry expressions to have a higher speed in order for them to be successfully identified. Therefore, it is plausible that autistic individuals do not have a ?deficit? in angry expression recognition, but rather their internal representation of these expressions is characterised by very high-speed movement. In this study, matched groups of autistic and non-autistic adults completed a novel emotion-based task which employed dynamic displays of happy, angry and sad point light facial (PLF) expressions. On each trial, participants moved a slider to manipulate the speed of a PLF stimulus until it moved at a speed that, in their ?mind's eye?, was typical of happy, angry or sad expressions. Participants were shown three different types of PLFs?those showing the full-face, only the eye region, and only the mouth region, wherein the latter two were included to test whether differences in facial information sampling underpinned any dissimilarities in speed attributions. Across both groups, participants attributed the highest speeds to angry, then happy, then sad, facial motion. Participants increased the speed of angry and happy expressions by 41% and 27% respectively and decreased the speed of sad expressions by 18%. This suggests that participants have ?caricatured? internal representations of emotion, wherein emotion-related kinematic cues are over-emphasised. There were no differences between autistic and non-autistic individuals in the speeds attributed to full-face and partial-face angry, happy and sad expressions respectively. Consequently, we find no evidence that autistic adults possess atypically fast internal representations of anger. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.2642 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=473

Parallel age-related cognitive effects in autism: A cross-sectional replication study / Carolien TORENVLIET in Autism Research, 15-3 (March 2022)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 15-3 (March 2022) . - p.507-518 Titre : Parallel age-related cognitive effects in autism: A cross-sectional replication study Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Carolien TORENVLIET, Auteur ; Annabeth P. GROENMAN, Auteur ; Tulsi A. RADHOE, Auteur ; Joost A. AGELINK VAN RENTERGEM, Auteur ; Wikke J. VAN DER PUTTEN, Auteur ; Hilde M. GEURTS, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.507-518 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract Findings on age-related cognitive effects in autism in adulthood are inconsistent across studies. As these studies substantially differ in their methodology, replication studies are needed. In this replication study frequentist (i.e., null-hypothesis significance testing), and Bayesian statistics were used to investigate the hypothesis that in autistic adults compared to non-autistic adults mostly parallel, but also protective age-related cognitive effects can be observed. Participants were 88 autistic adults, and 88 non-autistic matched comparisons (age range: 30?89?years, mean age: 55?years). Cognitive measures were administered on the following six domains: verbal memory, visual memory, working memory, Theory of Mind (ToM), verbal fluency, and processing speed, and self-reported cognitive failures. Non-autistic adults outperformed autistic adults on ToM, verbal fluency, and verbal memory, but only the first two were confirmed with Bayesian replication analyses. Also, more cognitive failures were reported by autistic adults. No interactions between group and age were observed, suggesting a parallel age-related effect on all cognitive domains. In sum, previously observed difficulties in ToM and verbal fluency were replicated which seem to persist at older age. Previously reported parallel age-related cognitive patterns were replicated, yet no evidence for protective age-related patterns was found. Lay summary We investigated whether our previous findings on cognitive aging in autism could be confirmed in a new study measuring the cognitive effects of age in autistic and non-autistic adults. As expected, tasks that younger autistic adults had difficulties with (theory of mind, fluency) were also difficult for older autistic adults, and the effect of age itself was similar in autistic and non-autistic adults. Unexpectedly, we observed no protective effects (less cognitive aging) in autism. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.2650 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=473 [article] Parallel age-related cognitive effects in autism: A cross-sectional replication study [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Carolien TORENVLIET, Auteur ; Annabeth P. GROENMAN, Auteur ; Tulsi A. RADHOE, Auteur ; Joost A. AGELINK VAN RENTERGEM, Auteur ; Wikke J. VAN DER PUTTEN, Auteur ; Hilde M. GEURTS, Auteur . - p.507-518. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 15-3 (March 2022) . - p.507-518 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract Findings on age-related cognitive effects in autism in adulthood are inconsistent across studies. As these studies substantially differ in their methodology, replication studies are needed. In this replication study frequentist (i.e., null-hypothesis significance testing), and Bayesian statistics were used to investigate the hypothesis that in autistic adults compared to non-autistic adults mostly parallel, but also protective age-related cognitive effects can be observed. Participants were 88 autistic adults, and 88 non-autistic matched comparisons (age range: 30?89?years, mean age: 55?years). Cognitive measures were administered on the following six domains: verbal memory, visual memory, working memory, Theory of Mind (ToM), verbal fluency, and processing speed, and self-reported cognitive failures. Non-autistic adults outperformed autistic adults on ToM, verbal fluency, and verbal memory, but only the first two were confirmed with Bayesian replication analyses. Also, more cognitive failures were reported by autistic adults. No interactions between group and age were observed, suggesting a parallel age-related effect on all cognitive domains. In sum, previously observed difficulties in ToM and verbal fluency were replicated which seem to persist at older age. Previously reported parallel age-related cognitive patterns were replicated, yet no evidence for protective age-related patterns was found. Lay summary We investigated whether our previous findings on cognitive aging in autism could be confirmed in a new study measuring the cognitive effects of age in autistic and non-autistic adults. As expected, tasks that younger autistic adults had difficulties with (theory of mind, fluency) were also difficult for older autistic adults, and the effect of age itself was similar in autistic and non-autistic adults. Unexpectedly, we observed no protective effects (less cognitive aging) in autism. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.2650 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=473

The importance of home: Satisfaction with accommodation, neighborhood, and life in adults with autism / Anke M. SCHEEREN in Autism Research, 15-3 (March 2022)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 15-3 (March 2022) . - p.519-530 Titre : The importance of home: Satisfaction with accommodation, neighborhood, and life in adults with autism Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Anke M. SCHEEREN, Auteur ; Patricia HOWLIN, Auteur ; Meike BARTELS, Auteur ; Lydia KRABBENDAM, Auteur ; Sander BEGEER, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.519-530 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract Although good quality housing and a socially cohesive neighborhood are associated with a higher well-being in the general population, housing is a rarely studied topic in autism research. In the present study, we describe the housing situation of a large sample of adults with autism and mostly (above) average intellectual abilities (n = 1429; 17 to 84?years), and examine predictors of independent living, accommodation satisfaction, neighborhood satisfaction, and satisfaction with life based on an online survey. The outcomes of independently living adults were compared with those from a Dutch community sample (n = 929). Nearly 80% of the autistic adults lived independently. Older participants, women, and those with higher self-reported IQ's were more likely to live independently. Autistic adults living independently were equally satisfied with their accommodation and neighborhood as the comparison group, but were less satisfied with their life in general. In both groups, higher satisfaction with accommodation and neighborhood was associated with higher life satisfaction. We advocate further research to better understand and anticipate the housing needs of the growing group of adults with autism. Lay Summary The living situation of autistic adults has rarely been studied. We found that 79% of autistic adults with mostly (above) average intellectual abilities lived independently. Women, older adults, and those with higher IQ's were more likely to live independently. They were equally pleased with their house and neighborhood as adults from a Dutch community sample, but autistic adults were less satisfied with their life in general. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.2653 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=473 [article] The importance of home: Satisfaction with accommodation, neighborhood, and life in adults with autism [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Anke M. SCHEEREN, Auteur ; Patricia HOWLIN, Auteur ; Meike BARTELS, Auteur ; Lydia KRABBENDAM, Auteur ; Sander BEGEER, Auteur . - p.519-530. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 15-3 (March 2022) . - p.519-530 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract Although good quality housing and a socially cohesive neighborhood are associated with a higher well-being in the general population, housing is a rarely studied topic in autism research. In the present study, we describe the housing situation of a large sample of adults with autism and mostly (above) average intellectual abilities (n = 1429; 17 to 84?years), and examine predictors of independent living, accommodation satisfaction, neighborhood satisfaction, and satisfaction with life based on an online survey. The outcomes of independently living adults were compared with those from a Dutch community sample (n = 929). Nearly 80% of the autistic adults lived independently. Older participants, women, and those with higher self-reported IQ's were more likely to live independently. Autistic adults living independently were equally satisfied with their accommodation and neighborhood as the comparison group, but were less satisfied with their life in general. In both groups, higher satisfaction with accommodation and neighborhood was associated with higher life satisfaction. We advocate further research to better understand and anticipate the housing needs of the growing group of adults with autism. Lay Summary The living situation of autistic adults has rarely been studied. We found that 79% of autistic adults with mostly (above) average intellectual abilities lived independently. Women, older adults, and those with higher IQ's were more likely to live independently. They were equally pleased with their house and neighborhood as adults from a Dutch community sample, but autistic adults were less satisfied with their life in general. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.2653 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=473

Association of placental pathology and gross morphology with autism spectrum disorders / Safiya SOULLANE in Autism Research, 15-3 (March 2022)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 15-3 (March 2022) . - p.531-538 Titre : Association of placental pathology and gross morphology with autism spectrum disorders Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Safiya SOULLANE, Auteur ; Andrea R. SPENCE, Auteur ; Haim A. ABENHAIM, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.531-538 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract This study evaluated the association between placental pathology and gross morphology and the risk of autism spectrum disorders (ASD). We conducted a matched case?control study of children with confirmed ASD who were born between 2000 and 2017 at one of three university-affiliated hospitals in Montreal, Quebec. Cases, who were identified through the Montreal Children's Hospital Autism Spectrum Disorders Program, were matched to babies (1:5) born at the same hospital and on the same day. Multi-fetal births were excluded. Maternal demographics, pregnancy characteristics and placental pathologies were collected from hospital charts by abstractors blind to autism diagnoses. This current study consisted of data from a single-site that had pathology reports available. Pearson chi-square and Wilcoxon rank-sum tests were used to estimate p-values. Our study consisted of 107 ASD cases and 526 matched controls. Mothers of cases and controls were similar in terms of parity, gravidity, smoking status, BMI, rates of clinical chorioamnionitis, chronic hypertension, and gestational diabetes. Age at delivery of <25?years was more common among mothers of controls. Compared with controls, cases were more likely born male, <32?weeks of gestation, and weighing <1500?g. Cases and controls had similar rates of placental inflammation, vasculitis, and other placental pathologies. There were no differences in placental weight, placental thickness, umbilical cord length, and umbilical cord insertion between the two groups. In conclusion, placental pathology and gross morphology do not appear to be associated with ASD, suggesting that any perinatal determinants of autism are not likely to be mediated through placental pathology. Lay Summary Data from a matched case?control study consisting of neonates born between 2000 and 2017 at one of three McGill-affiliated hospitals were used to examine the relationship between placental pathology and morphology and the development of autism. No differences in placental pathology and gross morphology were found between those with and without autism, which suggests that placental abnormalities are unlikely to either cause or mediate the development of autism. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.2658 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=473 [article] Association of placental pathology and gross morphology with autism spectrum disorders [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Safiya SOULLANE, Auteur ; Andrea R. SPENCE, Auteur ; Haim A. ABENHAIM, Auteur . - p.531-538. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 15-3 (March 2022) . - p.531-538 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract This study evaluated the association between placental pathology and gross morphology and the risk of autism spectrum disorders (ASD). We conducted a matched case?control study of children with confirmed ASD who were born between 2000 and 2017 at one of three university-affiliated hospitals in Montreal, Quebec. Cases, who were identified through the Montreal Children's Hospital Autism Spectrum Disorders Program, were matched to babies (1:5) born at the same hospital and on the same day. Multi-fetal births were excluded. Maternal demographics, pregnancy characteristics and placental pathologies were collected from hospital charts by abstractors blind to autism diagnoses. This current study consisted of data from a single-site that had pathology reports available. Pearson chi-square and Wilcoxon rank-sum tests were used to estimate p-values. Our study consisted of 107 ASD cases and 526 matched controls. Mothers of cases and controls were similar in terms of parity, gravidity, smoking status, BMI, rates of clinical chorioamnionitis, chronic hypertension, and gestational diabetes. Age at delivery of <25?years was more common among mothers of controls. Compared with controls, cases were more likely born male, <32?weeks of gestation, and weighing <1500?g. Cases and controls had similar rates of placental inflammation, vasculitis, and other placental pathologies. There were no differences in placental weight, placental thickness, umbilical cord length, and umbilical cord insertion between the two groups. In conclusion, placental pathology and gross morphology do not appear to be associated with ASD, suggesting that any perinatal determinants of autism are not likely to be mediated through placental pathology. Lay Summary Data from a matched case?control study consisting of neonates born between 2000 and 2017 at one of three McGill-affiliated hospitals were used to examine the relationship between placental pathology and morphology and the development of autism. No differences in placental pathology and gross morphology were found between those with and without autism, which suggests that placental abnormalities are unlikely to either cause or mediate the development of autism. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.2658 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=473

Features that best define the heterogeneity and homogeneity of autism in preschool-age children: A multisite case?control analysis replicated across two independent samples / Lisa D. WIGGINS in Autism Research, 15-3 (March 2022)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 15-3 (March 2022) . - p.539-550 Titre : Features that best define the heterogeneity and homogeneity of autism in preschool-age children: A multisite case?control analysis replicated across two independent samples Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Lisa D. WIGGINS, Auteur ; Lin H. TIAN, Auteur ; Eric RUBENSTEIN, Auteur ; Laura A. SCHIEVE, Auteur ; Julie L. DANIELS, Auteur ; Karen PAZOL, Auteur ; Carolyn G. DIGUISEPPI, Auteur ; Brian BARGER, Auteur ; Eric MOODY, Auteur ; Steven ROSENBERG, Auteur ; Chyrise BRADLEY, Auteur ; Melanie HSU, Auteur ; Cordelia ROBINSON ROSENBERG, Auteur ; Deborah CHRISTENSEN, Auteur ; Tessa CRUME, Auteur ; Juhi PANDEY, Auteur ; Susan E. LEVY, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.539-550 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract The heterogeneous nature of children with symptoms of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) makes it difficult to identify risk factors and effective treatment options. We sought to identify behavioral and developmental features that best define the heterogeneity and homogeneity in 2?5-year-old children classified with ASD and subthreshold ASD characteristics. Children were enrolled in a multisite case?control study of ASD. Detailed behavioral and developmental data were gathered by maternal telephone interview, parent-administered questionnaires, child cognitive evaluation, and ASD diagnostic measures. Participants with a positive ASD screen score or prior ASD diagnosis were referred for comprehensive evaluation. Children in the ASD group met study criteria based on this evaluation; children who did not meet study criteria were categorized as having subthreshold ASD characteristics. There were 1480 children classified as ASD (81.6% boys) and 594 children classified as having subthreshold ASD characteristics (70.2% boys) in the sample. Factors associated with dysregulation (e.g., aggression, anxiety/depression, sleep problems) followed by developmental abilities (e.g., expressive and receptive language skills) most contributed to heterogeneity in both groups of children. Atypical sensory response contributed to homogeneity in children classified as ASD but not those with subthreshold characteristics. These findings suggest that dysregulation and developmental abilities are clinical features that can impact functioning in children with ASD and other DD, and that documenting these features in pediatric records may help meet the needs of the individual child. Sensory dysfunction could be considered a core feature of ASD and thus used to inform more targeted screening, evaluation, treatment, and research efforts. Lay summary The diverse nature of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) makes it difficult to find risk factors and treatment options. We identified the most dissimilar and most similar symptom(s) in children classified as ASD and as having subthreshold ASD characteristics. Factors associated with dysregulation and developmental abilities contributed to diversity in both groups of children. Sensory dysfunction was the most common symptom in children with ASD but not those with subthreshold characteristics. Findings can inform clinical practice and research. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.2663 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=473 [article] Features that best define the heterogeneity and homogeneity of autism in preschool-age children: A multisite case?control analysis replicated across two independent samples [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Lisa D. WIGGINS, Auteur ; Lin H. TIAN, Auteur ; Eric RUBENSTEIN, Auteur ; Laura A. SCHIEVE, Auteur ; Julie L. DANIELS, Auteur ; Karen PAZOL, Auteur ; Carolyn G. DIGUISEPPI, Auteur ; Brian BARGER, Auteur ; Eric MOODY, Auteur ; Steven ROSENBERG, Auteur ; Chyrise BRADLEY, Auteur ; Melanie HSU, Auteur ; Cordelia ROBINSON ROSENBERG, Auteur ; Deborah CHRISTENSEN, Auteur ; Tessa CRUME, Auteur ; Juhi PANDEY, Auteur ; Susan E. LEVY, Auteur . - p.539-550. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 15-3 (March 2022) . - p.539-550 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract The heterogeneous nature of children with symptoms of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) makes it difficult to identify risk factors and effective treatment options. We sought to identify behavioral and developmental features that best define the heterogeneity and homogeneity in 2?5-year-old children classified with ASD and subthreshold ASD characteristics. Children were enrolled in a multisite case?control study of ASD. Detailed behavioral and developmental data were gathered by maternal telephone interview, parent-administered questionnaires, child cognitive evaluation, and ASD diagnostic measures. Participants with a positive ASD screen score or prior ASD diagnosis were referred for comprehensive evaluation. Children in the ASD group met study criteria based on this evaluation; children who did not meet study criteria were categorized as having subthreshold ASD characteristics. There were 1480 children classified as ASD (81.6% boys) and 594 children classified as having subthreshold ASD characteristics (70.2% boys) in the sample. Factors associated with dysregulation (e.g., aggression, anxiety/depression, sleep problems) followed by developmental abilities (e.g., expressive and receptive language skills) most contributed to heterogeneity in both groups of children. Atypical sensory response contributed to homogeneity in children classified as ASD but not those with subthreshold characteristics. These findings suggest that dysregulation and developmental abilities are clinical features that can impact functioning in children with ASD and other DD, and that documenting these features in pediatric records may help meet the needs of the individual child. Sensory dysfunction could be considered a core feature of ASD and thus used to inform more targeted screening, evaluation, treatment, and research efforts. Lay summary The diverse nature of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) makes it difficult to find risk factors and treatment options. We identified the most dissimilar and most similar symptom(s) in children classified as ASD and as having subthreshold ASD characteristics. Factors associated with dysregulation and developmental abilities contributed to diversity in both groups of children. Sensory dysfunction was the most common symptom in children with ASD but not those with subthreshold characteristics. Findings can inform clinical practice and research. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.2663 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=473

Maternal tobacco smoking and offspring autism spectrum disorder or traits in ECHO cohorts / Irva HERTZ-PICCIOTTO in Autism Research, 15-3 (March 2022)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 15-3 (March 2022) . - p.551-569 Titre : Maternal tobacco smoking and offspring autism spectrum disorder or traits in ECHO cohorts Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Irva HERTZ-PICCIOTTO, Auteur ; Susan A. KORRICK, Auteur ; Christine LADD-ACOSTA, Auteur ; Margaret R. KARAGAS, Auteur ; Kristen LYALL, Auteur ; Rebecca J. SCHMIDT, Auteur ; Anne L. DUNLOP, Auteur ; Lisa A. CROEN, Auteur ; Dana DABELEA, Auteur ; Julie L. DANIELS, Auteur ; Cristiane S. DUARTE, Auteur ; M. Daniele FALLIN, Auteur ; Catherine J. KARR, Auteur ; Barry LESTER, Auteur ; Leslie D. LEVE, Auteur ; Yijun LI, Auteur ; Monica MCGRATH, Auteur ; Xuejuan NING, Auteur ; Emily OKEN, Auteur ; Sharon K. SAGIV, Auteur ; Sheela SATHYANARAYA, Auteur ; Frances TYLAVSKY, Auteur ; Heather E. VOLK, Auteur ; Lauren S. WAKSCHLAG, Auteur ; Mingyu ZHANG, Auteur ; T. Michael O'SHEA, Auteur ; Rashelle J. MUSCI, Auteur ; program collaborators for Environmental influences on Child Health OUTCOMES, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.551-569 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract Given inconsistent evidence on preconception or prenatal tobacco use and offspring autism spectrum disorder (ASD), this study assessed associations of maternal smoking with ASD and ASD-related traits. Among 72 cohorts in the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes consortium, 11 had ASD diagnosis and prenatal tobaccosmoking (n = 8648). and 7 had Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS) scores of ASD traits (n = 2399). Cohorts had diagnoses alone (6), traits alone (2), or both (5). Diagnoses drew from parent/caregiver report, review of records, or standardized instruments. Regression models estimated smoking-related odds ratios (ORs) for diagnoses and standardized mean differences for SRS scores. Cohort-specific ORs were meta-analyzed. Overall, maternal smoking was unassociated with child ASD (adjusted OR, 1.08; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.72?1.61). However, heterogeneity across studies was strong: preterm cohorts showed reduced ASD risk for exposed children. After excluding preterm cohorts (biased by restrictions on causal intermediate and exposure opportunity) and small cohorts (very few ASD cases in either smoking category), the adjusted OR for ASD from maternal smoking was 1.44 (95% CI, 1.02?2.03). Children of smoking (versus non-smoking) mothers had more ASD traits (SRS T-score?+?2.37 points, 95% CI, 0.73?4.01 points), with results homogeneous across cohorts. Maternal preconception/prenatal smoking was consistently associated with quantitative ASD traits and modestly associated with ASD diagnosis among sufficiently powered United States cohorts of non-preterm children. Limitations resulting from self-reported smoking and unmeasured confounders preclude definitive conclusions. Nevertheless, counseling on potential and known risks to the child from maternal smoking is warranted for pregnant women and pregnancy planners. Lay Summary Evidence on the association between maternal prenatal smoking and the child's risk for autism spectrum disorder has been conflicting, with some studies reporting harmful effects, and others finding reduced risks. Our analysis of children in the ECHO consortium found that maternal prenatal tobacco smoking is consistently associated with an increase in autism-related symptoms in the general population and modestly associated with elevated risk for a diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder when looking at a combined analysis from multiple studies that each included both pre- and full-term births. However, this study is not proof of a causal connection. Future studies to clarify the role of smoking in autism-like behaviors or autism diagnoses should collect more reliable data on smoking and measure other exposures or lifestyle factors that might have confounded our results. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.2665 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=473 [article] Maternal tobacco smoking and offspring autism spectrum disorder or traits in ECHO cohorts [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Irva HERTZ-PICCIOTTO, Auteur ; Susan A. KORRICK, Auteur ; Christine LADD-ACOSTA, Auteur ; Margaret R. KARAGAS, Auteur ; Kristen LYALL, Auteur ; Rebecca J. SCHMIDT, Auteur ; Anne L. DUNLOP, Auteur ; Lisa A. CROEN, Auteur ; Dana DABELEA, Auteur ; Julie L. DANIELS, Auteur ; Cristiane S. DUARTE, Auteur ; M. Daniele FALLIN, Auteur ; Catherine J. KARR, Auteur ; Barry LESTER, Auteur ; Leslie D. LEVE, Auteur ; Yijun LI, Auteur ; Monica MCGRATH, Auteur ; Xuejuan NING, Auteur ; Emily OKEN, Auteur ; Sharon K. SAGIV, Auteur ; Sheela SATHYANARAYA, Auteur ; Frances TYLAVSKY, Auteur ; Heather E. VOLK, Auteur ; Lauren S. WAKSCHLAG, Auteur ; Mingyu ZHANG, Auteur ; T. Michael O'SHEA, Auteur ; Rashelle J. MUSCI, Auteur ; program collaborators for Environmental influences on Child Health OUTCOMES, Auteur . - p.551-569. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 15-3 (March 2022) . - p.551-569 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract Given inconsistent evidence on preconception or prenatal tobacco use and offspring autism spectrum disorder (ASD), this study assessed associations of maternal smoking with ASD and ASD-related traits. Among 72 cohorts in the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes consortium, 11 had ASD diagnosis and prenatal tobaccosmoking (n = 8648). and 7 had Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS) scores of ASD traits (n = 2399). Cohorts had diagnoses alone (6), traits alone (2), or both (5). Diagnoses drew from parent/caregiver report, review of records, or standardized instruments. Regression models estimated smoking-related odds ratios (ORs) for diagnoses and standardized mean differences for SRS scores. Cohort-specific ORs were meta-analyzed. Overall, maternal smoking was unassociated with child ASD (adjusted OR, 1.08; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.72?1.61). However, heterogeneity across studies was strong: preterm cohorts showed reduced ASD risk for exposed children. After excluding preterm cohorts (biased by restrictions on causal intermediate and exposure opportunity) and small cohorts (very few ASD cases in either smoking category), the adjusted OR for ASD from maternal smoking was 1.44 (95% CI, 1.02?2.03). Children of smoking (versus non-smoking) mothers had more ASD traits (SRS T-score?+?2.37 points, 95% CI, 0.73?4.01 points), with results homogeneous across cohorts. Maternal preconception/prenatal smoking was consistently associated with quantitative ASD traits and modestly associated with ASD diagnosis among sufficiently powered United States cohorts of non-preterm children. Limitations resulting from self-reported smoking and unmeasured confounders preclude definitive conclusions. Nevertheless, counseling on potential and known risks to the child from maternal smoking is warranted for pregnant women and pregnancy planners. Lay Summary Evidence on the association between maternal prenatal smoking and the child's risk for autism spectrum disorder has been conflicting, with some studies reporting harmful effects, and others finding reduced risks. Our analysis of children in the ECHO consortium found that maternal prenatal tobacco smoking is consistently associated with an increase in autism-related symptoms in the general population and modestly associated with elevated risk for a diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder when looking at a combined analysis from multiple studies that each included both pre- and full-term births. However, this study is not proof of a causal connection. Future studies to clarify the role of smoking in autism-like behaviors or autism diagnoses should collect more reliable data on smoking and measure other exposures or lifestyle factors that might have confounded our results. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.2665 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=473

Autism service preferences of parents/guardians and autistic adults in five countries / M. Ariel CASCIO in Autism Research, 15-3 (March 2022)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 15-3 (March 2022) . - p.570-585 Titre : Autism service preferences of parents/guardians and autistic adults in five countries Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : M. Ariel CASCIO, Auteur ; Eric RACINE, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.570-585 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract Scholars and activists debate whether people on the autism spectrum should access autism-specific services or general/inclusive/mainstream services. This article presents quantitative results from a mixed-methods survey of autistic adults and parents/guardians of autistic people in Canada, France, Germany, Italy, and the United States. Respondents reported categories of services used (autism-specific, mixed-disability, or general/inclusive/mainstream), satisfaction, and overall service preference. Most respondents preferred autism-specific services, followed by different categories of services for different service types. Demographic factors had little influence on overall service preferences. No significant differences were found between adults' and parents/guardians' overall service preferences. For parents/guardians, using autism-specific services was associated with a preference for autism-specific services. There were significant associations between the services respondents reported having previously used and their overall service preference. Parents/guardians in Italy and France reported lower satisfaction with many services. These results suggest that a preference for autism-specific services pervades different groups. While most respondents did endorse autism-specific services, the strong secondary preference for different service categories encourages providers and policy makers to attend to diverse needs. While satisfaction was generally middling to high, there remain areas for improvement, especially in general job training services. General services can use a Universal Design approach and collaborate with autism-specific and mixed-disability services to increase accessibility to diverse populations. The influence of previous service use on preferences suggests that providers can leverage strengths of existing services, leverage and create connections, and ask users about previous experiences to better address their expectations. Lay Summary This study asked autistic adults and parents/guardians of autistic people what they think about autism services. Most parents/guardians and adults liked services that focus on autism, but many parents/guardians and adults liked them for some things and not others. All services can ask people about services they used in the past and learn from the strengths of good services through Universal Design and working with other services. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.2667 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=473 [article] Autism service preferences of parents/guardians and autistic adults in five countries [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / M. Ariel CASCIO, Auteur ; Eric RACINE, Auteur . - p.570-585. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 15-3 (March 2022) . - p.570-585 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract Scholars and activists debate whether people on the autism spectrum should access autism-specific services or general/inclusive/mainstream services. This article presents quantitative results from a mixed-methods survey of autistic adults and parents/guardians of autistic people in Canada, France, Germany, Italy, and the United States. Respondents reported categories of services used (autism-specific, mixed-disability, or general/inclusive/mainstream), satisfaction, and overall service preference. Most respondents preferred autism-specific services, followed by different categories of services for different service types. Demographic factors had little influence on overall service preferences. No significant differences were found between adults' and parents/guardians' overall service preferences. For parents/guardians, using autism-specific services was associated with a preference for autism-specific services. There were significant associations between the services respondents reported having previously used and their overall service preference. Parents/guardians in Italy and France reported lower satisfaction with many services. These results suggest that a preference for autism-specific services pervades different groups. While most respondents did endorse autism-specific services, the strong secondary preference for different service categories encourages providers and policy makers to attend to diverse needs. While satisfaction was generally middling to high, there remain areas for improvement, especially in general job training services. General services can use a Universal Design approach and collaborate with autism-specific and mixed-disability services to increase accessibility to diverse populations. The influence of previous service use on preferences suggests that providers can leverage strengths of existing services, leverage and create connections, and ask users about previous experiences to better address their expectations. Lay Summary This study asked autistic adults and parents/guardians of autistic people what they think about autism services. Most parents/guardians and adults liked services that focus on autism, but many parents/guardians and adults liked them for some things and not others. All services can ask people about services they used in the past and learn from the strengths of good services through Universal Design and working with other services. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.2667 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=473