Brief Report: Reduced Prioritization of Facial Threat in Adults with Autism / Noah J. SASSON in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 46-4 (April 2016)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 46-4 (April 2016) . - p.1471-1476 Titre : Brief Report: Reduced Prioritization of Facial Threat in Adults with Autism Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Noah J. SASSON, Auteur ; Jonathon R. SHASTEEN, Auteur ; Amy E. PINKHAM, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1471-1476 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Threat detection  Face in the crowd  Threat superiority  Anger superiority  Emotion Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Typically-developing (TD) adults detect angry faces more efficiently within a crowd than non-threatening faces. Prior studies of this social threat superiority effect (TSE) in ASD using tasks consisting of schematic faces and homogeneous crowds have produced mixed results. Here, we employ a more ecologically-valid test of the social TSE and find evidence of a reduced social TSE in adults with ASD (n = 21) relative to TD controls (n = 28). Unlike TD participants, the ASD group failed to show the normative advantage for detecting angry faces faster than happy faces, either within crowds of neutral or emotional faces. These findings parallel prior work indicating a reduced sensitivity in ASD to facial cues of untrustworthiness, and may reflect a vulnerability for evaluating social harm. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-015-2664-6 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=284 [article] Brief Report: Reduced Prioritization of Facial Threat in Adults with Autism [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Noah J. SASSON, Auteur ; Jonathon R. SHASTEEN, Auteur ; Amy E. PINKHAM, Auteur . - p.1471-1476. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 46-4 (April 2016) . - p.1471-1476 Mots-clés : Threat detection  Face in the crowd  Threat superiority  Anger superiority  Emotion Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Typically-developing (TD) adults detect angry faces more efficiently within a crowd than non-threatening faces. Prior studies of this social threat superiority effect (TSE) in ASD using tasks consisting of schematic faces and homogeneous crowds have produced mixed results. Here, we employ a more ecologically-valid test of the social TSE and find evidence of a reduced social TSE in adults with ASD (n = 21) relative to TD controls (n = 28). Unlike TD participants, the ASD group failed to show the normative advantage for detecting angry faces faster than happy faces, either within crowds of neutral or emotional faces. These findings parallel prior work indicating a reduced sensitivity in ASD to facial cues of untrustworthiness, and may reflect a vulnerability for evaluating social harm. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-015-2664-6 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=284

Distinct profiles of social skill in adults with autism spectrum disorder and schizophrenia / Kerrianne E. MORRISON in Autism Research, 10-5 (May 2017)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 10-5 (May 2017) . - p.878-887 Titre : Distinct profiles of social skill in adults with autism spectrum disorder and schizophrenia Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Kerrianne E. MORRISON, Auteur ; Amy E. PINKHAM, Auteur ; David L. PENN, Auteur ; Skylar KELSVEN, Auteur ; Kelsey LUDWIG, Auteur ; Noah J. SASSON, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.878-887 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : social skills  social interaction  social cognition  social behavior Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Overlapping social impairments in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and Schizophrenia (SCZ) contributed to decades of diagnostic confusion that continues to this day in some clinical settings. The current study provides the first direct and detailed comparison of social behavior in the two disorders by identifying profiles of social skill in adults with ASD (n?=?54), SCZ (n?=?54), and typically developing (TD) controls (n?=?56) during a real-world social interaction. ASD and SCZ groups exhibited poorer social skill, both overall and on most discrete abilities, relative to the TD group. Direct comparison of ASD to SCZ revealed distinct behavioral profiles, with ASD uniquely characterized by fewer interactive behaviors, and SCZ characterized by greater impaired gaze and flat/inappropriate affective responses. Additionally, IQ was associated with both overall social skill and many discrete social skills in SCZ, but was largely unrelated to social skill in ASD. These results indicate that overlapping social deficits in ASD and SCZ are comprised of both shared and distinct social skill impairments. The largest distinctions—reduced social reciprocity but better expressivity in ASD relative to SCZ, and a greater role of IQ in social skill for SCZ than ASD—highlight disorder-specific features that can improve etiological understanding, diagnostic differentiation, and treatment strategies. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1734 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=307 [article] Distinct profiles of social skill in adults with autism spectrum disorder and schizophrenia [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Kerrianne E. MORRISON, Auteur ; Amy E. PINKHAM, Auteur ; David L. PENN, Auteur ; Skylar KELSVEN, Auteur ; Kelsey LUDWIG, Auteur ; Noah J. SASSON, Auteur . - p.878-887. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 10-5 (May 2017) . - p.878-887 Mots-clés : social skills  social interaction  social cognition  social behavior Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Overlapping social impairments in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and Schizophrenia (SCZ) contributed to decades of diagnostic confusion that continues to this day in some clinical settings. The current study provides the first direct and detailed comparison of social behavior in the two disorders by identifying profiles of social skill in adults with ASD (n?=?54), SCZ (n?=?54), and typically developing (TD) controls (n?=?56) during a real-world social interaction. ASD and SCZ groups exhibited poorer social skill, both overall and on most discrete abilities, relative to the TD group. Direct comparison of ASD to SCZ revealed distinct behavioral profiles, with ASD uniquely characterized by fewer interactive behaviors, and SCZ characterized by greater impaired gaze and flat/inappropriate affective responses. Additionally, IQ was associated with both overall social skill and many discrete social skills in SCZ, but was largely unrelated to social skill in ASD. These results indicate that overlapping social deficits in ASD and SCZ are comprised of both shared and distinct social skill impairments. The largest distinctions—reduced social reciprocity but better expressivity in ASD relative to SCZ, and a greater role of IQ in social skill for SCZ than ASD—highlight disorder-specific features that can improve etiological understanding, diagnostic differentiation, and treatment strategies. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1734 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=307

Evaluating Posed and Evoked Facial Expressions of Emotion from Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder / Daniel J. FASO in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 45-1 (January 2015)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 45-1 (January 2015) . - p.75-89 Titre : Evaluating Posed and Evoked Facial Expressions of Emotion from Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Daniel J. FASO, Auteur ; Noah J. SASSON, Auteur ; Amy E. PINKHAM, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.75-89 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Faces  Expressivity  Emotion  Affect  Social interaction Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Though many studies have examined facial affect perception by individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), little research has investigated how facial expressivity in ASD is perceived by others. Here, naïve female observers (n = 38) judged the intensity, naturalness and emotional category of expressions produced by adults with ASD (n = 6) and typically developing (TD) adults (n = 6) in both a posed condition and an evoked condition in which emotions were naturalistically elicited and validated. ASD expressions were rated as more intense and less natural than TD expressions but contrary to prediction were identified with greater accuracy, an effect driven primarily by angry expressions. Naturalness ratings of evoked expressions were positively associated with identification accuracy for TD but not ASD individuals. Collectively, these findings highlight differences, but not a reduction, in facial expressivity in ASD that do not hinder emotion recognition accuracy but may affect social interaction quality. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-014-2194-7 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=258 [article] Evaluating Posed and Evoked Facial Expressions of Emotion from Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Daniel J. FASO, Auteur ; Noah J. SASSON, Auteur ; Amy E. PINKHAM, Auteur . - p.75-89. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 45-1 (January 2015) . - p.75-89 Mots-clés : Faces  Expressivity  Emotion  Affect  Social interaction Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Though many studies have examined facial affect perception by individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), little research has investigated how facial expressivity in ASD is perceived by others. Here, naïve female observers (n = 38) judged the intensity, naturalness and emotional category of expressions produced by adults with ASD (n = 6) and typically developing (TD) adults (n = 6) in both a posed condition and an evoked condition in which emotions were naturalistically elicited and validated. ASD expressions were rated as more intense and less natural than TD expressions but contrary to prediction were identified with greater accuracy, an effect driven primarily by angry expressions. Naturalness ratings of evoked expressions were positively associated with identification accuracy for TD but not ASD individuals. Collectively, these findings highlight differences, but not a reduction, in facial expressivity in ASD that do not hinder emotion recognition accuracy but may affect social interaction quality. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-014-2194-7 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=258

Heterogeneity of social cognitive performance in autism and schizophrenia / Michal HAJDUK in Autism Research, 15-8 (August 2022)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 15-8 (August 2022) . - p.1522-1534 Titre : Heterogeneity of social cognitive performance in autism and schizophrenia Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Michal HAJDUK, Auteur ; Amy E. PINKHAM, Auteur ; David L. PENN, Auteur ; Philip D. HARVEY, Auteur ; Noah J. SASSON, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1522-1534 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adult  Autism Spectrum Disorder/psychology  Autistic Disorder/psychology  Cognition  Humans  Intellectual Disability  Male  Schizophrenia/complications  Social Behavior  Social Cognition  Young Adult  autism spectrum disorders  cluster  heterogeneity  schizophrenia Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autistic adults and those with schizophrenia (SCZ) demonstrate similar levels of reduced social cognitive performance at the group level, but it is unclear whether these patterns are relatively consistent or highly variable within and between the two conditions. Seventy-two adults with SCZ (52 male, M(age)  = 28.2years) and 94 with diagnoses on the autism spectrum (83 male, M(age)  = 24.2years) without intellectual disability completed a comprehensive social cognitive battery. Latent profile analysis identified four homogeneous subgroups that were compared on their diagnosis, independent living skills, neurocognition, and symptomatology. Two groups showed normative performance across most social cognitive tasks but were differentiated by one having significantly higher hostility and blaming biases. Autistic participants were more likely to demonstrate fully normative performance (46.8%) than participants with SCZ, whereas normative performance in SCZ was more likely to co-occur with increased hostility and blaming biases (36.1%). Approximately 43% of participants in the full sample were classified into the remaining two groups showing low or very low performance. These participants tended to perform worse on neurocognitive tests and have lower IQ and fewer independent living skills. The prevalence of low performance on social cognitive tasks was comparable across clinical groups. However, nearly half of autistic participants demonstrated normative social cognitive performance, challenging assumptions that reduced social cognitive performance is inherent to the condition. Subgrouping also revealed a meaningful distinction between the clinical groups: participants with SCZ were more likely to demonstrate hostility biases than autistic participants, even when social cognitive performance was otherwise in the typical range. LAY SUMMARY: Social cognition refers to the perception and interpretation of social information. Previous research has shown that both autistic people and those with schizophrenia demonstrate reduced performance on traditional social cognitive tasks, which we replicate here at the group level. However, we also found that almost half of autistic participants performed in the normal range. Over a third of participants with schizophrenia did as well, but for them this performance was accompanied by a hostility bias not commonly found in the autistic sample. Taken together, findings challenge assumptions that difficulties in social cognition are a uniform characteristic of these clinical conditions in those without intellectual disability. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2730 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=483 [article] Heterogeneity of social cognitive performance in autism and schizophrenia [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Michal HAJDUK, Auteur ; Amy E. PINKHAM, Auteur ; David L. PENN, Auteur ; Philip D. HARVEY, Auteur ; Noah J. SASSON, Auteur . - p.1522-1534. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 15-8 (August 2022) . - p.1522-1534 Mots-clés : Adult  Autism Spectrum Disorder/psychology  Autistic Disorder/psychology  Cognition  Humans  Intellectual Disability  Male  Schizophrenia/complications  Social Behavior  Social Cognition  Young Adult  autism spectrum disorders  cluster  heterogeneity  schizophrenia Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autistic adults and those with schizophrenia (SCZ) demonstrate similar levels of reduced social cognitive performance at the group level, but it is unclear whether these patterns are relatively consistent or highly variable within and between the two conditions. Seventy-two adults with SCZ (52 male, M(age)  = 28.2years) and 94 with diagnoses on the autism spectrum (83 male, M(age)  = 24.2years) without intellectual disability completed a comprehensive social cognitive battery. Latent profile analysis identified four homogeneous subgroups that were compared on their diagnosis, independent living skills, neurocognition, and symptomatology. Two groups showed normative performance across most social cognitive tasks but were differentiated by one having significantly higher hostility and blaming biases. Autistic participants were more likely to demonstrate fully normative performance (46.8%) than participants with SCZ, whereas normative performance in SCZ was more likely to co-occur with increased hostility and blaming biases (36.1%). Approximately 43% of participants in the full sample were classified into the remaining two groups showing low or very low performance. These participants tended to perform worse on neurocognitive tests and have lower IQ and fewer independent living skills. The prevalence of low performance on social cognitive tasks was comparable across clinical groups. However, nearly half of autistic participants demonstrated normative social cognitive performance, challenging assumptions that reduced social cognitive performance is inherent to the condition. Subgrouping also revealed a meaningful distinction between the clinical groups: participants with SCZ were more likely to demonstrate hostility biases than autistic participants, even when social cognitive performance was otherwise in the typical range. LAY SUMMARY: Social cognition refers to the perception and interpretation of social information. Previous research has shown that both autistic people and those with schizophrenia demonstrate reduced performance on traditional social cognitive tasks, which we replicate here at the group level. However, we also found that almost half of autistic participants performed in the normal range. Over a third of participants with schizophrenia did as well, but for them this performance was accompanied by a hostility bias not commonly found in the autistic sample. Taken together, findings challenge assumptions that difficulties in social cognition are a uniform characteristic of these clinical conditions in those without intellectual disability. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2730 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=483

Social cognition, social skill, and the broad autism phenotype / Noah J. SASSON in Autism, 17-6 (November 2013)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 17-6 (November 2013) . - p.655-667 Titre : Social cognition, social skill, and the broad autism phenotype Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Noah J. SASSON, Auteur ; Rachel B. NOWLIN, Auteur ; Amy E. PINKHAM, Auteur Année de publication : 2013 Article en page(s) : p.655-667 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : broad autism phenotype  social cognition  social functioning  social skills Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Social-cognitive deficits differentiate parents with the “broad autism phenotype” from non–broad autism phenotype parents more robustly than other neuropsychological features of autism, suggesting that this domain may be particularly informative for identifying genetic and brain processes associated with the phenotype. The current study examined whether the social-cognitive deficits associated with the broad autism phenotype extend to the general population and relate to reduced social skill. A total of 74 undergraduates completed the Broad Autism Phenotype Questionnaire, three standardized social-cognitive tasks, and a live social interaction with an unfamiliar research assistant. Social broad autism phenotype traits were significantly associated with deficits in social cognition and reduced social skill. In addition, the relationship between social broad autism phenotype traits and social skill was partially mediated by social cognition, suggesting that the reduced interpersonal ability associated with the broad autism phenotype occurs in part because of poorer social-cognitive ability. Together, these findings indicate that the impairments in social cognition and social skill that characterize autism spectrum disorder extend in milder forms to the broad autism phenotype in the general population and suggest a framework for understanding how social broad autism phenotype traits may manifest in diminished social ability. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361312455704 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=218 [article] Social cognition, social skill, and the broad autism phenotype [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Noah J. SASSON, Auteur ; Rachel B. NOWLIN, Auteur ; Amy E. PINKHAM, Auteur . - 2013 . - p.655-667. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 17-6 (November 2013) . - p.655-667 Mots-clés : broad autism phenotype  social cognition  social functioning  social skills Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Social-cognitive deficits differentiate parents with the “broad autism phenotype” from non–broad autism phenotype parents more robustly than other neuropsychological features of autism, suggesting that this domain may be particularly informative for identifying genetic and brain processes associated with the phenotype. The current study examined whether the social-cognitive deficits associated with the broad autism phenotype extend to the general population and relate to reduced social skill. A total of 74 undergraduates completed the Broad Autism Phenotype Questionnaire, three standardized social-cognitive tasks, and a live social interaction with an unfamiliar research assistant. Social broad autism phenotype traits were significantly associated with deficits in social cognition and reduced social skill. In addition, the relationship between social broad autism phenotype traits and social skill was partially mediated by social cognition, suggesting that the reduced interpersonal ability associated with the broad autism phenotype occurs in part because of poorer social-cognitive ability. Together, these findings indicate that the impairments in social cognition and social skill that characterize autism spectrum disorder extend in milder forms to the broad autism phenotype in the general population and suggest a framework for understanding how social broad autism phenotype traits may manifest in diminished social ability. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361312455704 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=218

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