Factor Structure of Autistic Traits in Children with ADHD / Joanna MARTIN in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 44-1 (January 2014)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 44-1 (January 2014) . - p.204-215 Titre : Factor Structure of Autistic Traits in Children with ADHD Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Joanna MARTIN, Auteur ; Marian L. HAMSHERE, Auteur ; Michael C. O'DONOVAN, Auteur ; Michael RUTTER, Auteur ; Anita THAPAR, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.204-215 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : ADHD  ASD  Factor analysis  Neurodevelopment Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often co-occur. Factor analyses of ASD traits in children with and without ASD indicate the presence of social and restrictive–repetitive behaviour (RRB) factors. This study used exploratory factor analyses to determine the structure of ASD traits (assessed using the Social Communication Questionnaire) in children with ADHD. Distinct factors were observed for ‘social’ and ‘rigidity’ traits, corresponding to previous factor analyses in clinical ASD and population samples. This indicates that the split between social-communicative and RRB dimensions is unaffected by ADHD in children. Moreover, the study also finds that there is some overlap across hyperactive-impulsive symptoms and RRB traits in children with ADHD, which merits further investigation. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-013-1865-0 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=220 [article] Factor Structure of Autistic Traits in Children with ADHD [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Joanna MARTIN, Auteur ; Marian L. HAMSHERE, Auteur ; Michael C. O'DONOVAN, Auteur ; Michael RUTTER, Auteur ; Anita THAPAR, Auteur . - p.204-215. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 44-1 (January 2014) . - p.204-215 Mots-clés : ADHD  ASD  Factor analysis  Neurodevelopment Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often co-occur. Factor analyses of ASD traits in children with and without ASD indicate the presence of social and restrictive–repetitive behaviour (RRB) factors. This study used exploratory factor analyses to determine the structure of ASD traits (assessed using the Social Communication Questionnaire) in children with ADHD. Distinct factors were observed for ‘social’ and ‘rigidity’ traits, corresponding to previous factor analyses in clinical ASD and population samples. This indicates that the split between social-communicative and RRB dimensions is unaffected by ADHD in children. Moreover, the study also finds that there is some overlap across hyperactive-impulsive symptoms and RRB traits in children with ADHD, which merits further investigation. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-013-1865-0 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=220

Neurocognitive abilities in the general population and composite genetic risk scores for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder / Joanna MARTIN in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 56-6 (June 2015)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 56-6 (June 2015) . - p.648-656 Titre : Neurocognitive abilities in the general population and composite genetic risk scores for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Joanna MARTIN, Auteur ; Marian L. HAMSHERE, Auteur ; Evangelia STERGIAKOULI, Auteur ; Michael C. O'DONOVAN, Auteur ; Anita THAPAR, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.648-656 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : ALSPAC  ADHD  genetics  cognition Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background The genetic architecture of ADHD is complex, with rare and common variants involved. Common genetic variants (as indexed by a composite risk score) associated with clinical ADHD significantly predict ADHD and autistic-like behavioural traits in children from the general population, suggesting that ADHD lies at the extreme of normal trait variation. ADHD and other neurodevelopmental disorders share neurocognitive difficulties in several domains (e.g. impaired cognitive ability and executive functions). We hypothesised that ADHD composite genetic risk scores derived from clinical ADHD cases would also contribute to variation in neurocognitive abilities in the general population. Methods Children (N = 6,832) from a UK population cohort, the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), underwent neurocognitive testing. Parent-reported measures of their children's ADHD and autistic-like traits were used to construct a behavioural latent variable of ‘neurodevelopmental traits’. Composite genetic risk scores for ADHD were calculated for ALSPAC children based on findings from an independent ADHD case–control genome-wide association study. Structural equation modelling was used to assess associations between ADHD composite genetic risk scores and IQ, working memory, inhibitory control and facial emotion recognition, as well as the latent ‘neurodevelopmental trait’ measure. Results The results confirmed that neurocognitive and neurodevelopmental traits are correlated in children in the general population. Composite genetic risk scores for ADHD were independently associated with lower IQ (? = ?.05, p < .001) and working memory performance (? = ?.034, p = .013), even after accounting for the relationship with latent neurodevelopmental behavioural trait scores. No associations were found between composite genetic risk scores and inhibitory control or emotion recognition (p > .05). Conclusions These findings suggest that common genetic variants relevant to clinically diagnosed ADHD have pleiotropic effects on neurocognitive traits as well as behavioural dimensions in the general population. This further suggests that the well-recognised association between cognition and neurodevelopmental behavioural traits is underpinned at a biological level. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12336 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=260 [article] Neurocognitive abilities in the general population and composite genetic risk scores for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Joanna MARTIN, Auteur ; Marian L. HAMSHERE, Auteur ; Evangelia STERGIAKOULI, Auteur ; Michael C. O'DONOVAN, Auteur ; Anita THAPAR, Auteur . - p.648-656. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 56-6 (June 2015) . - p.648-656 Mots-clés : ALSPAC  ADHD  genetics  cognition Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background The genetic architecture of ADHD is complex, with rare and common variants involved. Common genetic variants (as indexed by a composite risk score) associated with clinical ADHD significantly predict ADHD and autistic-like behavioural traits in children from the general population, suggesting that ADHD lies at the extreme of normal trait variation. ADHD and other neurodevelopmental disorders share neurocognitive difficulties in several domains (e.g. impaired cognitive ability and executive functions). We hypothesised that ADHD composite genetic risk scores derived from clinical ADHD cases would also contribute to variation in neurocognitive abilities in the general population. Methods Children (N = 6,832) from a UK population cohort, the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), underwent neurocognitive testing. Parent-reported measures of their children's ADHD and autistic-like traits were used to construct a behavioural latent variable of ‘neurodevelopmental traits’. Composite genetic risk scores for ADHD were calculated for ALSPAC children based on findings from an independent ADHD case–control genome-wide association study. Structural equation modelling was used to assess associations between ADHD composite genetic risk scores and IQ, working memory, inhibitory control and facial emotion recognition, as well as the latent ‘neurodevelopmental trait’ measure. Results The results confirmed that neurocognitive and neurodevelopmental traits are correlated in children in the general population. Composite genetic risk scores for ADHD were independently associated with lower IQ (? = ?.05, p < .001) and working memory performance (? = ?.034, p = .013), even after accounting for the relationship with latent neurodevelopmental behavioural trait scores. No associations were found between composite genetic risk scores and inhibitory control or emotion recognition (p > .05). Conclusions These findings suggest that common genetic variants relevant to clinically diagnosed ADHD have pleiotropic effects on neurocognitive traits as well as behavioural dimensions in the general population. This further suggests that the well-recognised association between cognition and neurodevelopmental behavioural traits is underpinned at a biological level. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12336 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=260

Sex differences in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder diagnosis and clinical care: a national study of population healthcare records in Wales / Joanna MARTIN in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 65-12 (December 2024)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 65-12 (December 2024) . - p.1648-1658 Titre : Sex differences in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder diagnosis and clinical care: a national study of population healthcare records in Wales Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Joanna MARTIN, Auteur ; Kate LANGLEY, Auteur ; Miriam COOPER, Auteur ; Olivier Y. ROUQUETTE, Auteur ; Ann JOHN, Auteur ; Kapil SAYAL, Auteur ; Tamsin FORD, Auteur ; Anita THAPAR, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1648-1658 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : ADHD  sex differences  neurodevelopmental conditions  mental health Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Population-based studies have observed sex biases in the diagnosis and treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Females are less likely to be diagnosed or prescribed ADHD medication. This study uses national healthcare records, to investigate sex differences in diagnosis and clinical care in young people with ADHD, particularly regarding recognition and treatment of other mental health conditions. Methods The cohort included individuals diagnosed with ADHD, born between 1989 and 2013 and living in Wales between 2000 and 2019. Routine primary and secondary healthcare record data were used to derive diagnoses of ADHD and other neurodevelopmental and mental health conditions, as well as ADHD and antidepressant medications. Demographic variables included ethnicity, socioeconomic deprivation and contact with social services. Results There were 16,458 individuals diagnosed with ADHD (20.3% females, ages 3?30?years), with a male-to-female ratio of 3.9:1. Higher ratios (4.8:1) were seen in individuals diagnosed younger (<12?years), with the lowest ratio (1.9:1) in those diagnosed as adults (>18). Males were younger at first recorded ADHD diagnosis (mean?=?10.9 vs. 12.6?years), more likely to be prescribed ADHD medication and younger at diagnosis of co-occurring neurodevelopmental conditions. In contrast, females were more likely to receive a diagnosis of anxiety, depression or another mental health condition and to be prescribed antidepressant medications, prior to ADHD diagnosis. These sex differences were largely stable across demographic groups. Conclusions This study adds to the evidence base that females with ADHD are experiencing later recognition and treatment of ADHD. The results indicate that this may be partly because of diagnostic overshadowing from other mental health conditions, such as anxiety and depression, or initial misdiagnosis. Further research and dissemination of findings to the public are needed to improve awareness, timely diagnosis and treatment of ADHD in females. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13987 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=542 [article] Sex differences in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder diagnosis and clinical care: a national study of population healthcare records in Wales [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Joanna MARTIN, Auteur ; Kate LANGLEY, Auteur ; Miriam COOPER, Auteur ; Olivier Y. ROUQUETTE, Auteur ; Ann JOHN, Auteur ; Kapil SAYAL, Auteur ; Tamsin FORD, Auteur ; Anita THAPAR, Auteur . - p.1648-1658. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 65-12 (December 2024) . - p.1648-1658 Mots-clés : ADHD  sex differences  neurodevelopmental conditions  mental health Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Population-based studies have observed sex biases in the diagnosis and treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Females are less likely to be diagnosed or prescribed ADHD medication. This study uses national healthcare records, to investigate sex differences in diagnosis and clinical care in young people with ADHD, particularly regarding recognition and treatment of other mental health conditions. Methods The cohort included individuals diagnosed with ADHD, born between 1989 and 2013 and living in Wales between 2000 and 2019. Routine primary and secondary healthcare record data were used to derive diagnoses of ADHD and other neurodevelopmental and mental health conditions, as well as ADHD and antidepressant medications. Demographic variables included ethnicity, socioeconomic deprivation and contact with social services. Results There were 16,458 individuals diagnosed with ADHD (20.3% females, ages 3?30?years), with a male-to-female ratio of 3.9:1. Higher ratios (4.8:1) were seen in individuals diagnosed younger (<12?years), with the lowest ratio (1.9:1) in those diagnosed as adults (>18). Males were younger at first recorded ADHD diagnosis (mean?=?10.9 vs. 12.6?years), more likely to be prescribed ADHD medication and younger at diagnosis of co-occurring neurodevelopmental conditions. In contrast, females were more likely to receive a diagnosis of anxiety, depression or another mental health condition and to be prescribed antidepressant medications, prior to ADHD diagnosis. These sex differences were largely stable across demographic groups. Conclusions This study adds to the evidence base that females with ADHD are experiencing later recognition and treatment of ADHD. The results indicate that this may be partly because of diagnostic overshadowing from other mental health conditions, such as anxiety and depression, or initial misdiagnosis. Further research and dissemination of findings to the public are needed to improve awareness, timely diagnosis and treatment of ADHD in females. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13987 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=542

Stratifying early-onset emotional disorders: using genetics to assess persistence in young people of European and South Asian ancestry / Joanna MARTIN ; Amy SHAKESHAFT ; Lucy RIGLIN ; Frances RICE ; Cathryn M. LEWIS ; Michael C. O'DONOVAN ; Anita THAPAR in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 65-1 (January 2024)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 65-1 (January 2024) . - p.42-51 Titre : Stratifying early-onset emotional disorders: using genetics to assess persistence in young people of European and South Asian ancestry Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Joanna MARTIN, Auteur ; Amy SHAKESHAFT, Auteur ; Lucy RIGLIN, Auteur ; Frances RICE, Auteur ; Cathryn M. LEWIS, Auteur ; Michael C. O'DONOVAN, Auteur ; Anita THAPAR, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.42-51 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Depression and anxiety are the most common mental health problems in young people. Currently, clinicians are advised to wait before initiating treatment for young people with these disorders as many spontaneously remit. However, others develop recurrent disorder but this subgroup cannot be identified at the outset. We examined whether psychiatric polygenic scores (PGS) could help inform stratification efforts to predict those at higher risk of recurrence. Methods Probable emotional disorder was examined in two UK population cohorts using the emotional symptoms subscale of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Those with emotional disorder at two or more time points between ages 5 and 25?years were classed as ?recurrent emotional disorder? (n?=?1,643) and those with emotional disorder at one time point as having ?single episode emotional disorder? (n?=?1,435, controls n?=?8,715). We first examined the relationship between psychiatric PGS and emotional disorders in childhood and adolescence. Second, we tested whether psychiatric PGS added to predictor variables of known association with emotional disorder (neurodevelopmental comorbidity, special educational needs, family history of depression and socioeconomic status) when discriminating between single-episode and recurrent emotional disorder. Analyses were conducted separately in individuals of European and South Asian ancestry. Results Probable emotional disorder was associated with higher PGS for major depressive disorder (MDD), anxiety, broad depression, ADHD and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in those of European ancestry. Higher MDD and broad depression PGS were associated with emotional disorder in people of South Asian ancestry. Recurrent, compared to single-episode, emotional disorder was associated with ASD and parental psychiatric history. PGS were not associated with episode recurrence, and PGS did not improve discrimination of recurrence when combined with clinical predictors. Conclusions Our findings do not support the use of PGS as a tool to assess the likelihood of recurrence in young people experiencing their first episode of emotional disorder. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13862 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=518 [article] Stratifying early-onset emotional disorders: using genetics to assess persistence in young people of European and South Asian ancestry [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Joanna MARTIN, Auteur ; Amy SHAKESHAFT, Auteur ; Lucy RIGLIN, Auteur ; Frances RICE, Auteur ; Cathryn M. LEWIS, Auteur ; Michael C. O'DONOVAN, Auteur ; Anita THAPAR, Auteur . - p.42-51. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 65-1 (January 2024) . - p.42-51 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Depression and anxiety are the most common mental health problems in young people. Currently, clinicians are advised to wait before initiating treatment for young people with these disorders as many spontaneously remit. However, others develop recurrent disorder but this subgroup cannot be identified at the outset. We examined whether psychiatric polygenic scores (PGS) could help inform stratification efforts to predict those at higher risk of recurrence. Methods Probable emotional disorder was examined in two UK population cohorts using the emotional symptoms subscale of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Those with emotional disorder at two or more time points between ages 5 and 25?years were classed as ?recurrent emotional disorder? (n?=?1,643) and those with emotional disorder at one time point as having ?single episode emotional disorder? (n?=?1,435, controls n?=?8,715). We first examined the relationship between psychiatric PGS and emotional disorders in childhood and adolescence. Second, we tested whether psychiatric PGS added to predictor variables of known association with emotional disorder (neurodevelopmental comorbidity, special educational needs, family history of depression and socioeconomic status) when discriminating between single-episode and recurrent emotional disorder. Analyses were conducted separately in individuals of European and South Asian ancestry. Results Probable emotional disorder was associated with higher PGS for major depressive disorder (MDD), anxiety, broad depression, ADHD and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in those of European ancestry. Higher MDD and broad depression PGS were associated with emotional disorder in people of South Asian ancestry. Recurrent, compared to single-episode, emotional disorder was associated with ASD and parental psychiatric history. PGS were not associated with episode recurrence, and PGS did not improve discrimination of recurrence when combined with clinical predictors. Conclusions Our findings do not support the use of PGS as a tool to assess the likelihood of recurrence in young people experiencing their first episode of emotional disorder. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13862 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=518

A twin study of genetic and environmental contributions to attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder over time / Mark J. TAYLOR in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 64-11 (November 2023)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 64-11 (November 2023) . - p.1608-1616 Titre : A twin study of genetic and environmental contributions to attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder over time Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Mark J. TAYLOR, Auteur ; Joanna MARTIN, Auteur ; Agnieszka BUTWICKA, Auteur ; Paul LICHTENSTEIN, Auteur ; Brian D'ONOFRIO, Auteur ; Sebastian LUNDSTROM, Auteur ; Henrik LARSSON, Auteur ; Mina A. ROSENQVIST, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1608-1616 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is an increasingly commonly diagnosed neurodevelopmental condition. One possibility is that this reflects a genuine increase in the prevalence of ADHD due to secular environmental changes, yet this hypothesis remains untested. We therefore investigated whether the genetic and environmental variance underlying ADHD, and traits of ADHD, has changed over time. Methods We identified twins born from 1982 to 2008 from the Swedish Twin Registry (STR). We linked the STR with the Swedish National Patient Register and Prescribed Drug Register to identify diagnoses of ADHD and prescriptions of ADHD medication for these twins. We also utilized data collected from participants in the Child and Adolescent Twin Study in Sweden (CATSS), born from 1992 to 2008. Their parents completed a structured ADHD screening tool, which was used to measure traits of ADHD and assign broad screening diagnoses of ADHD. We used the classical twin design to test whether the degree to which variation in these measures was influenced by genetic and environmental variation changed over time. Results We included 22,678 twin pairs from the STR and 15,036 pairs from CATSS. The heritability of ADHD in the STR ranged from 66% to 86% over time, although these fluctuations were not statistically significant. We observed a modest increase in variance in ADHD traits, from 0.98 to 1.09. This was driven by small increases in the underlying genetic and environmental variance, with heritability estimated as 64%-65%. No statistically significant changes in variance in screening diagnoses were observed. Conclusions The relative contribution of genetic and environmental factors to ADHD has remained stable over time, despite its increasing prevalence. Thus, changes in the underlying etiology of ADHD over time are unlikely to explain the increase in ADHD diagnoses. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13854 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=512 [article] A twin study of genetic and environmental contributions to attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder over time [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Mark J. TAYLOR, Auteur ; Joanna MARTIN, Auteur ; Agnieszka BUTWICKA, Auteur ; Paul LICHTENSTEIN, Auteur ; Brian D'ONOFRIO, Auteur ; Sebastian LUNDSTROM, Auteur ; Henrik LARSSON, Auteur ; Mina A. ROSENQVIST, Auteur . - p.1608-1616. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 64-11 (November 2023) . - p.1608-1616 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is an increasingly commonly diagnosed neurodevelopmental condition. One possibility is that this reflects a genuine increase in the prevalence of ADHD due to secular environmental changes, yet this hypothesis remains untested. We therefore investigated whether the genetic and environmental variance underlying ADHD, and traits of ADHD, has changed over time. Methods We identified twins born from 1982 to 2008 from the Swedish Twin Registry (STR). We linked the STR with the Swedish National Patient Register and Prescribed Drug Register to identify diagnoses of ADHD and prescriptions of ADHD medication for these twins. We also utilized data collected from participants in the Child and Adolescent Twin Study in Sweden (CATSS), born from 1992 to 2008. Their parents completed a structured ADHD screening tool, which was used to measure traits of ADHD and assign broad screening diagnoses of ADHD. We used the classical twin design to test whether the degree to which variation in these measures was influenced by genetic and environmental variation changed over time. Results We included 22,678 twin pairs from the STR and 15,036 pairs from CATSS. The heritability of ADHD in the STR ranged from 66% to 86% over time, although these fluctuations were not statistically significant. We observed a modest increase in variance in ADHD traits, from 0.98 to 1.09. This was driven by small increases in the underlying genetic and environmental variance, with heritability estimated as 64%-65%. No statistically significant changes in variance in screening diagnoses were observed. Conclusions The relative contribution of genetic and environmental factors to ADHD has remained stable over time, despite its increasing prevalence. Thus, changes in the underlying etiology of ADHD over time are unlikely to explain the increase in ADHD diagnoses. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13854 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=512

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