Affective neural response to restricted interests in autism spectrum disorders / Carissa J. CASCIO in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 55-2 (February 2014)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 55-2 (February 2014) . - p.162-171 Titre : Affective neural response to restricted interests in autism spectrum disorders Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Carissa J. CASCIO, Auteur ; Jennifer H. FOSS-FEIG, Auteur ; Jessica L. HEACOCK, Auteur ; Kimberly B. SCHAUDER, Auteur ; Whitney A. LORING, Auteur ; Baxter P. ROGERS, Auteur ; Jennifer R. PRYWELLER, Auteur ; Cassandra R. NEWSOM, Auteur ; Jurnell COCKHREN, Auteur ; Aize CAO, Auteur ; Scott BOLTON, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.162-171 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism  restricted interests  reward  repetitive behavior  fMRI  insula  salience Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Restricted interests are a class of repetitive behavior in autism spectrum disorders (ASD) whose intensity and narrow focus often contribute to significant interference with daily functioning. While numerous neuroimaging studies have investigated executive circuits as putative neural substrates of repetitive behavior, recent work implicates affective neural circuits in restricted interests. We sought to explore the role of affective neural circuits and determine how restricted interests are distinguished from hobbies or interests in typical development. Methods We compared a group of children with ASD to a typically developing (TD) group of children with strong interests or hobbies, employing parent report, an operant behavioral task, and functional imaging with personalized stimuli based on individual interests. Results While performance on the operant task was similar between the two groups, parent report of intensity and interference of interests was significantly higher in the ASD group. Both the ASD and TD groups showed increased BOLD response in widespread affective neural regions to the pictures of their own interest. When viewing pictures of other children's interests, the TD group showed a similar pattern, whereas BOLD response in the ASD group was much more limited. Increased BOLD response in the insula and anterior cingulate cortex distinguished the ASD from the TD group, and parent report of the intensity and interference with daily life of the child's restricted interest predicted insula response. Conclusions While affective neural network response and operant behavior are comparable in typical and restricted interests, the narrowness of focus that clinically distinguishes restricted interests in ASD is reflected in more interference in daily life and aberrantly enhanced insula and anterior cingulate response to individuals’ own interests in the ASD group. These results further support the involvement of affective neural networks in repetitive behaviors in ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12147 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=221 [article] Affective neural response to restricted interests in autism spectrum disorders [texte imprimé] / Carissa J. CASCIO, Auteur ; Jennifer H. FOSS-FEIG, Auteur ; Jessica L. HEACOCK, Auteur ; Kimberly B. SCHAUDER, Auteur ; Whitney A. LORING, Auteur ; Baxter P. ROGERS, Auteur ; Jennifer R. PRYWELLER, Auteur ; Cassandra R. NEWSOM, Auteur ; Jurnell COCKHREN, Auteur ; Aize CAO, Auteur ; Scott BOLTON, Auteur . - p.162-171. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 55-2 (February 2014) . - p.162-171 Mots-clés : Autism  restricted interests  reward  repetitive behavior  fMRI  insula  salience Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Restricted interests are a class of repetitive behavior in autism spectrum disorders (ASD) whose intensity and narrow focus often contribute to significant interference with daily functioning. While numerous neuroimaging studies have investigated executive circuits as putative neural substrates of repetitive behavior, recent work implicates affective neural circuits in restricted interests. We sought to explore the role of affective neural circuits and determine how restricted interests are distinguished from hobbies or interests in typical development. Methods We compared a group of children with ASD to a typically developing (TD) group of children with strong interests or hobbies, employing parent report, an operant behavioral task, and functional imaging with personalized stimuli based on individual interests. Results While performance on the operant task was similar between the two groups, parent report of intensity and interference of interests was significantly higher in the ASD group. Both the ASD and TD groups showed increased BOLD response in widespread affective neural regions to the pictures of their own interest. When viewing pictures of other children's interests, the TD group showed a similar pattern, whereas BOLD response in the ASD group was much more limited. Increased BOLD response in the insula and anterior cingulate cortex distinguished the ASD from the TD group, and parent report of the intensity and interference with daily life of the child's restricted interest predicted insula response. Conclusions While affective neural network response and operant behavior are comparable in typical and restricted interests, the narrowness of focus that clinically distinguishes restricted interests in ASD is reflected in more interference in daily life and aberrantly enhanced insula and anterior cingulate response to individuals’ own interests in the ASD group. These results further support the involvement of affective neural networks in repetitive behaviors in ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12147 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=221

Differences in age-related effects on brain volume in Down syndrome as compared to Williams syndrome and typical development / Mary Ellen I. KORAN in Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders, 6-1 (December 2014)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders > 6-1 (December 2014) . - p.8 Titre : Differences in age-related effects on brain volume in Down syndrome as compared to Williams syndrome and typical development Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Mary Ellen I. KORAN, Auteur ; Timothy J. HOHMAN, Auteur ; Courtney M. EDWARDS, Auteur ; Jennifer N. VEGA, Auteur ; Jennifer R. PRYWELLER, Auteur ; Laura E. SLOSKY, Auteur ; Genea CROCKETT, Auteur ; Lynette VILLA DE REY, Auteur ; Shashwath A. MEDA, Auteur ; Nathan DANKNER, Auteur ; Suzanne N. AVERY, Auteur ; Jennifer U. BLACKFORD, Auteur ; Elisabeth M. DYKENS, Auteur ; Tricia A. THORNTON-WELLS, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.8 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Apoe  Accelerated aging  Alzheimer's disease  Brain volume  Down syndrome  Mri  Neurodevelopmental disorder  Neuroimaging genetics  Williams syndrome Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Individuals with Down Syndrome (DS) are reported to experience early onset of brain aging. However, it is not well understood how pre-existing neurodevelopmental effects versus neurodegenerative processes might be contributing to the observed pattern of brain atrophy in younger adults with DS. The aims of the current study were to: (1) to confirm previous findings of age-related changes in DS compared to adults with typical development (TD), (2) to test for an effect of these age-related changes in a second neurodevelopmental disorder, Williams syndrome (WS), and (3) to identify a pattern of regional age-related effects that are unique to DS. METHODS: High-resolution T1-weighted MRI of the brains of subjects with DS, WS, and TD controls were segmented, and estimates of regional brain volume were derived using FreeSurfer. A general linear model was employed to test for age-related effects on volume between groups. Secondary analyses in the DS group explored the relationship between brain volume and neuropsychological tests and APOE. RESULTS: Consistent with previous findings, the DS group showed significantly greater age-related effects relative to TD controls in total gray matter and in regions of the orbitofrontal cortex and the parietal cortex. Individuals with DS also showed significantly greater age-related effects on volume of the left and right inferior lateral ventricles (LILV and RILV, respectively). There were no significant differences in age-related effects on volume when comparing the WS and TD groups. In the DS group, cognitive tests scores measuring signs of dementia and APOE 4 carrier status were associated with LILV and RILV volume. CONCLUSIONS: Individuals with DS demonstrated a unique pattern of age-related effects on gray matter and ventricular volume, the latter of which was associated with dementia rating scores in the DS group. Results may indicate that early onset of brain aging in DS is primarily due to DS-specific neurodegenerative processes, as opposed to general atypical neurodevelopment. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1866-1955-6-8 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=346 [article] Differences in age-related effects on brain volume in Down syndrome as compared to Williams syndrome and typical development [texte imprimé] / Mary Ellen I. KORAN, Auteur ; Timothy J. HOHMAN, Auteur ; Courtney M. EDWARDS, Auteur ; Jennifer N. VEGA, Auteur ; Jennifer R. PRYWELLER, Auteur ; Laura E. SLOSKY, Auteur ; Genea CROCKETT, Auteur ; Lynette VILLA DE REY, Auteur ; Shashwath A. MEDA, Auteur ; Nathan DANKNER, Auteur ; Suzanne N. AVERY, Auteur ; Jennifer U. BLACKFORD, Auteur ; Elisabeth M. DYKENS, Auteur ; Tricia A. THORNTON-WELLS, Auteur . - p.8. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders > 6-1 (December 2014) . - p.8 Mots-clés : Apoe  Accelerated aging  Alzheimer's disease  Brain volume  Down syndrome  Mri  Neurodevelopmental disorder  Neuroimaging genetics  Williams syndrome Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Individuals with Down Syndrome (DS) are reported to experience early onset of brain aging. However, it is not well understood how pre-existing neurodevelopmental effects versus neurodegenerative processes might be contributing to the observed pattern of brain atrophy in younger adults with DS. The aims of the current study were to: (1) to confirm previous findings of age-related changes in DS compared to adults with typical development (TD), (2) to test for an effect of these age-related changes in a second neurodevelopmental disorder, Williams syndrome (WS), and (3) to identify a pattern of regional age-related effects that are unique to DS. METHODS: High-resolution T1-weighted MRI of the brains of subjects with DS, WS, and TD controls were segmented, and estimates of regional brain volume were derived using FreeSurfer. A general linear model was employed to test for age-related effects on volume between groups. Secondary analyses in the DS group explored the relationship between brain volume and neuropsychological tests and APOE. RESULTS: Consistent with previous findings, the DS group showed significantly greater age-related effects relative to TD controls in total gray matter and in regions of the orbitofrontal cortex and the parietal cortex. Individuals with DS also showed significantly greater age-related effects on volume of the left and right inferior lateral ventricles (LILV and RILV, respectively). There were no significant differences in age-related effects on volume when comparing the WS and TD groups. In the DS group, cognitive tests scores measuring signs of dementia and APOE 4 carrier status were associated with LILV and RILV volume. CONCLUSIONS: Individuals with DS demonstrated a unique pattern of age-related effects on gray matter and ventricular volume, the latter of which was associated with dementia rating scores in the DS group. Results may indicate that early onset of brain aging in DS is primarily due to DS-specific neurodegenerative processes, as opposed to general atypical neurodevelopment. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1866-1955-6-8 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=346

The effect of intellectual ability on functional activation in a neurodevelopmental disorder: preliminary evidence from multiple fMRI studies in Williams syndrome / Jennifer R. PRYWELLER in Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders, 4-1 (December 2012)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders > 4-1 (December 2012) . - p.24 Titre : The effect of intellectual ability on functional activation in a neurodevelopmental disorder: preliminary evidence from multiple fMRI studies in Williams syndrome Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Jennifer R. PRYWELLER, Auteur ; Suzanne N. AVERY, Auteur ; Jennifer U. BLACKFORD, Auteur ; Elisabeth M. DYKENS, Auteur ; Tricia A. THORNTON-WELLS, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.24 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : UNLABELLED: BACKGROUND: Williams syndrome (WS) is a rare genetic disorder caused by the deletion of approximately 25 genes at 7q11.23 that involves mild to moderate intellectual disability (ID). When using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to compare individuals with ID to typically developing individuals, there is a possibility that differences in IQ contribute to between-group differences in BOLD signal. If IQ is correlated with BOLD signal, then group-level analyses should adjust for IQ, or else IQ should be matched between groups. If, however, IQ is not correlated with BOLD signal, no such adjustment or criteria for matching (and exclusion) based on IQ is necessary. METHODS: In this study, we aimed to test this hypothesis systematically using four extant fMRI datasets in WS. Participants included 29 adult subjects with WS (17 men) demonstrating a wide range of standardized IQ scores (composite IQ mean = 67, SD = 17.2). We extracted average BOLD activation for both cognitive and task-specific anatomically defined regions of interest (ROIs) in each individual and correlated BOLD with composite IQ scores, verbal IQ scores and non-verbal IQ scores in Spearman rank correlation tests. RESULTS: Of the 312 correlations performed, only six correlations (2%) in four ROIs reached statistical significance at a P value < 0.01, but none survived correction for multiple testing. All six correlations were positive. Therefore, none supports the hypothesis that IQ is negatively correlated with BOLD response. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that the inclusion of subjects with below normal IQ does not introduce a confounding factor, at least for some types of fMRI studies with low cognitive load. By including subjects who are representative of IQ range for the targeted disorder, findings are more likely to generalize to that population. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1866-1955-4-24 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=344 [article] The effect of intellectual ability on functional activation in a neurodevelopmental disorder: preliminary evidence from multiple fMRI studies in Williams syndrome [texte imprimé] / Jennifer R. PRYWELLER, Auteur ; Suzanne N. AVERY, Auteur ; Jennifer U. BLACKFORD, Auteur ; Elisabeth M. DYKENS, Auteur ; Tricia A. THORNTON-WELLS, Auteur . - p.24. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders > 4-1 (December 2012) . - p.24 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : UNLABELLED: BACKGROUND: Williams syndrome (WS) is a rare genetic disorder caused by the deletion of approximately 25 genes at 7q11.23 that involves mild to moderate intellectual disability (ID). When using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to compare individuals with ID to typically developing individuals, there is a possibility that differences in IQ contribute to between-group differences in BOLD signal. If IQ is correlated with BOLD signal, then group-level analyses should adjust for IQ, or else IQ should be matched between groups. If, however, IQ is not correlated with BOLD signal, no such adjustment or criteria for matching (and exclusion) based on IQ is necessary. METHODS: In this study, we aimed to test this hypothesis systematically using four extant fMRI datasets in WS. Participants included 29 adult subjects with WS (17 men) demonstrating a wide range of standardized IQ scores (composite IQ mean = 67, SD = 17.2). We extracted average BOLD activation for both cognitive and task-specific anatomically defined regions of interest (ROIs) in each individual and correlated BOLD with composite IQ scores, verbal IQ scores and non-verbal IQ scores in Spearman rank correlation tests. RESULTS: Of the 312 correlations performed, only six correlations (2%) in four ROIs reached statistical significance at a P value < 0.01, but none survived correction for multiple testing. All six correlations were positive. Therefore, none supports the hypothesis that IQ is negatively correlated with BOLD response. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that the inclusion of subjects with below normal IQ does not introduce a confounding factor, at least for some types of fMRI studies with low cognitive load. By including subjects who are representative of IQ range for the targeted disorder, findings are more likely to generalize to that population. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1866-1955-4-24 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=344

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