An Ecosystem Approach to Employment and Autism Spectrum Disorder / David B. NICHOLAS in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 48-1 (January 2018)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 48-1 (January 2018) . - p.264-275 Titre : An Ecosystem Approach to Employment and Autism Spectrum Disorder Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : David B. NICHOLAS, Auteur ; Wendy MITCHELL, Auteur ; Carolyn DUDLEY, Auteur ; Margaret CLARKE, Auteur ; Rosslynn ZULLA, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.264-275 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder  Ecosystem  Employment  Employment support  Job readiness Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Relatively little is yet known about employment readiness and elements that promote access to, and the retention of, employment for adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This paper posits elements within the ecosystem of employment and ASD. The ecosystem approach locates employment among persons with ASD as inextricably linked with broader community resources, family support, workplace capacity building (e.g., employer, co-workers) and policy. Application of the approach is offered through process evaluation data yielded from an ecosystem-informed job readiness program entitled, 'EmploymentWorks Canada'. Findings illustrate job readiness in the context of the broader ecosystem that envelopes salient components in the aim of community engagement and quality of life. Recommendations are offered for community-based applications and for program and research development. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-017-3351-6 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=337 [article] An Ecosystem Approach to Employment and Autism Spectrum Disorder [texte imprimé] / David B. NICHOLAS, Auteur ; Wendy MITCHELL, Auteur ; Carolyn DUDLEY, Auteur ; Margaret CLARKE, Auteur ; Rosslynn ZULLA, Auteur . - p.264-275. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 48-1 (January 2018) . - p.264-275 Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder  Ecosystem  Employment  Employment support  Job readiness Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Relatively little is yet known about employment readiness and elements that promote access to, and the retention of, employment for adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This paper posits elements within the ecosystem of employment and ASD. The ecosystem approach locates employment among persons with ASD as inextricably linked with broader community resources, family support, workplace capacity building (e.g., employer, co-workers) and policy. Application of the approach is offered through process evaluation data yielded from an ecosystem-informed job readiness program entitled, 'EmploymentWorks Canada'. Findings illustrate job readiness in the context of the broader ecosystem that envelopes salient components in the aim of community engagement and quality of life. Recommendations are offered for community-based applications and for program and research development. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-017-3351-6 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=337

Changes in self-concept and risk of psychotic experiences in adolescence: a longitudinal population-based cohort study / Colm HEALY in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 60-11 (November 2019)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 60-11 (November 2019) . - p.1164-1173 Titre : Changes in self-concept and risk of psychotic experiences in adolescence: a longitudinal population-based cohort study Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Colm HEALY, Auteur ; Helen COUGHLAN, Auteur ; Justin WILLIAMS, Auteur ; Margaret CLARKE, Auteur ; Ian KELLEHER, Auteur ; Mary CANNON, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1164-1173 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Psychotic experiences  child development  preventative psychiatry  self-concept Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Psychotic experiences (PEs) are commonly reported in adolescence and are associated with a range of negative outcomes. Few targets for intervention for PEs have been identified. One potential target is self-concept: an individual's beliefs about his/her personal attributes. Improvements in self-concept have been shown to reduce psychotic symptoms in patients with schizophrenia but no study has investigated the relationship between changes in self-concept and risk of PEs in the general population. We aimed to investigate: (a) the relationship between child and adolescent self-concept and adolescent PEs; and (b) whether changes in self-concept between childhood and adolescence were associated with risk of adolescent PEs. METHOD: Using data from age 9 and age 13 (n = 7,423) of the child cohort (Cohort'98) from the Growing Up in Ireland study we investigated the relationship between self-concept at age 9 and age 13 and PEs at age 13. PEs were measured using the Adolescent Psychotic Symptoms Screener and self-concept was measured using the Piers Harris-II. Using a stratified analysis, we investigated the relationship between change in self-concept between age 9 and age 13 and the risk of PEs at age 13. Additionally we investigated changes across the six self-concept subscales. RESULTS: Psychotic experiences were reported by 13% of participants at age 13. 'Very low' self-concept at age 9 was associated with an increased risk of PEs at age 13 (Adjusted-OR: 2.74, CI: 1.80-4.19), and 'High' self-concept at age 9 was associated with a decreased risk of PEs at age 13 (Adjusted-OR: 0.77, CI: 0.60-0.97). The stratified analysis indicated that improvements in self-concept reduced the odds of adolescent PEs and decline in self-concept increased the odds of adolescent PEs. This effect was noted across the majority of the self-concept subscales. CONCLUSIONS: There is a strong relationship between self-concept and PEs. The antecedents of low self-concept may be a useful target for preventative psychiatry. Broad-spectrum interventions targeting self-concept in childhood may help to reduce the incidence of PEs in adolescence. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13022 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=408 [article] Changes in self-concept and risk of psychotic experiences in adolescence: a longitudinal population-based cohort study [texte imprimé] / Colm HEALY, Auteur ; Helen COUGHLAN, Auteur ; Justin WILLIAMS, Auteur ; Margaret CLARKE, Auteur ; Ian KELLEHER, Auteur ; Mary CANNON, Auteur . - p.1164-1173. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 60-11 (November 2019) . - p.1164-1173 Mots-clés : Psychotic experiences  child development  preventative psychiatry  self-concept Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Psychotic experiences (PEs) are commonly reported in adolescence and are associated with a range of negative outcomes. Few targets for intervention for PEs have been identified. One potential target is self-concept: an individual's beliefs about his/her personal attributes. Improvements in self-concept have been shown to reduce psychotic symptoms in patients with schizophrenia but no study has investigated the relationship between changes in self-concept and risk of PEs in the general population. We aimed to investigate: (a) the relationship between child and adolescent self-concept and adolescent PEs; and (b) whether changes in self-concept between childhood and adolescence were associated with risk of adolescent PEs. METHOD: Using data from age 9 and age 13 (n = 7,423) of the child cohort (Cohort'98) from the Growing Up in Ireland study we investigated the relationship between self-concept at age 9 and age 13 and PEs at age 13. PEs were measured using the Adolescent Psychotic Symptoms Screener and self-concept was measured using the Piers Harris-II. Using a stratified analysis, we investigated the relationship between change in self-concept between age 9 and age 13 and the risk of PEs at age 13. Additionally we investigated changes across the six self-concept subscales. RESULTS: Psychotic experiences were reported by 13% of participants at age 13. 'Very low' self-concept at age 9 was associated with an increased risk of PEs at age 13 (Adjusted-OR: 2.74, CI: 1.80-4.19), and 'High' self-concept at age 9 was associated with a decreased risk of PEs at age 13 (Adjusted-OR: 0.77, CI: 0.60-0.97). The stratified analysis indicated that improvements in self-concept reduced the odds of adolescent PEs and decline in self-concept increased the odds of adolescent PEs. This effect was noted across the majority of the self-concept subscales. CONCLUSIONS: There is a strong relationship between self-concept and PEs. The antecedents of low self-concept may be a useful target for preventative psychiatry. Broad-spectrum interventions targeting self-concept in childhood may help to reduce the incidence of PEs in adolescence. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13022 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=408

Varying Language Register According to Listener Needs in Speakers with Autism Spectrum Disorder / Joanne VOLDEN in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 37-6 (July 2007)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 37-6 (July 2007) . - p.1139-1154 Titre : Varying Language Register According to Listener Needs in Speakers with Autism Spectrum Disorder Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Joanne VOLDEN, Auteur ; Joyce MAGILL-EVANS, Auteur ; Keith GOULDEN, Auteur ; Margaret CLARKE, Auteur Année de publication : 2007 Article en page(s) : p.1139-1154 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Pragmatics Language-register Language-style Communication Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The ability to adjust language register, or style, according to listener needs was assessed in 38 high-functioning children and adolescents with ASD. Participants were asked to explain the process of going to a restaurant to a series of listeners who varied in linguistic competence. Results showed that participants with ASD spontaneously simplified their language based on a listener’s appearance and a brief introduction, but were not as adept at that adjustment as matched controls. Further stylistic adjustments were produced following increasingly specific prompts. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-006-0256-1 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=155 [article] Varying Language Register According to Listener Needs in Speakers with Autism Spectrum Disorder [texte imprimé] / Joanne VOLDEN, Auteur ; Joyce MAGILL-EVANS, Auteur ; Keith GOULDEN, Auteur ; Margaret CLARKE, Auteur . - 2007 . - p.1139-1154. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 37-6 (July 2007) . - p.1139-1154 Mots-clés : Pragmatics Language-register Language-style Communication Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The ability to adjust language register, or style, according to listener needs was assessed in 38 high-functioning children and adolescents with ASD. Participants were asked to explain the process of going to a restaurant to a series of listeners who varied in linguistic competence. Results showed that participants with ASD spontaneously simplified their language based on a listener’s appearance and a brief introduction, but were not as adept at that adjustment as matched controls. Further stylistic adjustments were produced following increasingly specific prompts. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-006-0256-1 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=155

Vocational support approaches in autism spectrum disorder: A synthesis review of the literature / David B. NICHOLAS in Autism, 19-2 (February 2015)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 19-2 (February 2015) . - p.235-245 Titre : Vocational support approaches in autism spectrum disorder: A synthesis review of the literature Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : David B. NICHOLAS, Auteur ; Mark ATTRIDGE, Auteur ; Lonnie ZWAIGENBAUM, Auteur ; Margaret CLARKE, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.235-245 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  disability  job coaching  supported employment  vocational support  vocational training Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This synthesis-based analysis identifies and reviews studies evaluating vocational resources for adults with autism spectrum disorder. It is based on a larger systematic review of intervention studies in autism spectrum disorder, from which a critical interpretive synthesis was conducted on studies related to vocation and autism spectrum disorder. In total, 10 studies were found that examine employment support for youth and adults with autism spectrum disorder. Two domains of vocational intervention in the literature were found: supported employment including community placement and job coaching and media and technology–based augmentative tools. The literature is limited in volume and quality of methodology, yet emerging constructs are promising in introducing the utility of vocational resources, in particular, supported employment in community settings. These vocational approaches are examined, along with representative studies. Recommendations for advancing practice, community capacity, and research are offered. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361313516548 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=257 [article] Vocational support approaches in autism spectrum disorder: A synthesis review of the literature [texte imprimé] / David B. NICHOLAS, Auteur ; Mark ATTRIDGE, Auteur ; Lonnie ZWAIGENBAUM, Auteur ; Margaret CLARKE, Auteur . - p.235-245. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 19-2 (February 2015) . - p.235-245 Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  disability  job coaching  supported employment  vocational support  vocational training Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This synthesis-based analysis identifies and reviews studies evaluating vocational resources for adults with autism spectrum disorder. It is based on a larger systematic review of intervention studies in autism spectrum disorder, from which a critical interpretive synthesis was conducted on studies related to vocation and autism spectrum disorder. In total, 10 studies were found that examine employment support for youth and adults with autism spectrum disorder. Two domains of vocational intervention in the literature were found: supported employment including community placement and job coaching and media and technology–based augmentative tools. The literature is limited in volume and quality of methodology, yet emerging constructs are promising in introducing the utility of vocational resources, in particular, supported employment in community settings. These vocational approaches are examined, along with representative studies. Recommendations for advancing practice, community capacity, and research are offered. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361313516548 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=257

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