Brief Report: Cognitive Flexibility in Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Quantitative Review / Rachel C. LEUNG in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 44-10 (October 2014)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 44-10 (October 2014) . - p.2628-2645 Titre : Brief Report: Cognitive Flexibility in Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Quantitative Review Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Rachel C. LEUNG, Auteur ; Konstantine K. ZAKZANIS, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.2628-2645 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Cognitive flexibility  Autism spectrum disorders  ASD  Set-shifting  Meta-analysis Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Impairments in cognitive flexibility have been used to characterize the neuropsychological presentation of persons with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). Previous studies have yielded mixed results. Our objective was to systematically review the sensitivity of cognitive flexibility measures in ASD using quantitative methods employed by meta-analytic statistical techniques. Seventy-two studies met inclusion criteria for analysis and included a total of 2,137 individuals with ASD and 2,185 healthy controls. Our findings demonstrate that while the shift sub-scale of the self-report version of the Behavioral Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF) showed approximate absolute discriminability, of all the performance measures that were systematically reviewed and evaluated, none could reliably differentiate between individuals with ASD and controls; this is not surprising given that cognitive flexibility is not a core deficit of ASD. Our findings suggest that while the shift sub-scale of the self-report version of the BRIEF is a promising clinical marker, clinical performance measures of cognitive flexibility may lack ecological validity and lastly, reinforces that impairments in cognitive flexibility do not uniformly characterize all persons with ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-014-2136-4 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=241 [article] Brief Report: Cognitive Flexibility in Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Quantitative Review [texte imprimé] / Rachel C. LEUNG, Auteur ; Konstantine K. ZAKZANIS, Auteur . - p.2628-2645. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 44-10 (October 2014) . - p.2628-2645 Mots-clés : Cognitive flexibility  Autism spectrum disorders  ASD  Set-shifting  Meta-analysis Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Impairments in cognitive flexibility have been used to characterize the neuropsychological presentation of persons with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). Previous studies have yielded mixed results. Our objective was to systematically review the sensitivity of cognitive flexibility measures in ASD using quantitative methods employed by meta-analytic statistical techniques. Seventy-two studies met inclusion criteria for analysis and included a total of 2,137 individuals with ASD and 2,185 healthy controls. Our findings demonstrate that while the shift sub-scale of the self-report version of the Behavioral Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF) showed approximate absolute discriminability, of all the performance measures that were systematically reviewed and evaluated, none could reliably differentiate between individuals with ASD and controls; this is not surprising given that cognitive flexibility is not a core deficit of ASD. Our findings suggest that while the shift sub-scale of the self-report version of the BRIEF is a promising clinical marker, clinical performance measures of cognitive flexibility may lack ecological validity and lastly, reinforces that impairments in cognitive flexibility do not uniformly characterize all persons with ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-014-2136-4 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=241

Disconnection from others in autism is more than just a feeling: whole-brain neural synchrony in adults during implicit processing of emotional faces / Rocco MENNELLA in Molecular Autism, 8 (2017)  

Public ISBD [article]  inMolecular Autism > 8 (2017) . - 7p. Titre : Disconnection from others in autism is more than just a feeling: whole-brain neural synchrony in adults during implicit processing of emotional faces Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Rocco MENNELLA, Auteur ; Rachel C. LEUNG, Auteur ; Margot J. TAYLOR, Auteur ; Benjamin T. DUNKLEY, Auteur Article en page(s) : 7p. Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adult  Autism Spectrum Disorder/*psychology  Brain/*physiology  Brain Mapping/*methods  Facial Expression  Female  Humans  Image Processing, Computer-Assisted  Magnetoencephalography/*methods  Male  Social Perception  Young Adult  *Autism  *Emotional faces  *Functional connectivity  *Magnetoencephalography  *Social brain  *Young adults Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Socio-emotional difficulties in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are thought to reflect impaired functional connectivity within the "social brain". Nonetheless, a whole-brain characterization of the fast responses in functional connectivity during implicit processing of emotional faces in adults with ASD is lacking. METHODS: The present study used magnetoencephalography to investigate early responses in functional connectivity, as measured by interregional phase synchronization, during implicit processing of angry, neutral and happy faces. The sample (n = 44) consisted of 22 young adults with ASD and 22 age- and sex-matched typically developed (TD) controls. RESULTS: Reduced phase-synchrony in the beta band around 300 ms emerged during processing of angry faces in the ASD compared to TD group, involving key areas of the social brain. In the same time window, de-synchronization in the beta band in the amygdala was reduced in the ASD group across conditions. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first demonstration of atypical global and local synchrony patterns in the social brain in adults with ASD during implicit processing of emotional faces. The present results replicate and substantially extend previous findings on adolescents, highlighting that atypical brain synchrony during processing of socio-emotional stimuli is a hallmark of clinical sequelae in autism. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-017-0123-2 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=330 [article] Disconnection from others in autism is more than just a feeling: whole-brain neural synchrony in adults during implicit processing of emotional faces [texte imprimé] / Rocco MENNELLA, Auteur ; Rachel C. LEUNG, Auteur ; Margot J. TAYLOR, Auteur ; Benjamin T. DUNKLEY, Auteur . - 7p. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Molecular Autism > 8 (2017) . - 7p. Mots-clés : Adult  Autism Spectrum Disorder/*psychology  Brain/*physiology  Brain Mapping/*methods  Facial Expression  Female  Humans  Image Processing, Computer-Assisted  Magnetoencephalography/*methods  Male  Social Perception  Young Adult  *Autism  *Emotional faces  *Functional connectivity  *Magnetoencephalography  *Social brain  *Young adults Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Socio-emotional difficulties in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are thought to reflect impaired functional connectivity within the "social brain". Nonetheless, a whole-brain characterization of the fast responses in functional connectivity during implicit processing of emotional faces in adults with ASD is lacking. METHODS: The present study used magnetoencephalography to investigate early responses in functional connectivity, as measured by interregional phase synchronization, during implicit processing of angry, neutral and happy faces. The sample (n = 44) consisted of 22 young adults with ASD and 22 age- and sex-matched typically developed (TD) controls. RESULTS: Reduced phase-synchrony in the beta band around 300 ms emerged during processing of angry faces in the ASD compared to TD group, involving key areas of the social brain. In the same time window, de-synchronization in the beta band in the amygdala was reduced in the ASD group across conditions. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first demonstration of atypical global and local synchrony patterns in the social brain in adults with ASD during implicit processing of emotional faces. The present results replicate and substantially extend previous findings on adolescents, highlighting that atypical brain synchrony during processing of socio-emotional stimuli is a hallmark of clinical sequelae in autism. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-017-0123-2 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=330

Mapping the Network of Neuropsychological Impairment in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Graph Theoretical Analysis / George M. IBRAHIM in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 46-12 (December 2016)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 46-12 (December 2016) . - p.3770-3777 Titre : Mapping the Network of Neuropsychological Impairment in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Graph Theoretical Analysis Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : George M. IBRAHIM, Auteur ; Benjamin R. MORGAN, Auteur ; Vanessa M. VOGAN, Auteur ; Rachel C. LEUNG, Auteur ; Evdokia ANAGNOSTOU, Auteur ; Margot J. TAYLOR, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.3770-3777 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : ASD  Graph theory  Network analysis Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) exhibit social-communicative impairments. Less is known about the neuropsychological profile of ASD, although cognitive and neuropsychological deficits are evident. We modelled neuropsychological function in 20 children with ASD and 20 sex, age and IQ matched typically-developing controls (ages 7–14) as a network of interacting parameters. Graph theoretical analysis was applied to identify critical topographic regions within this network. Two areas were significantly stronger hubs in typically-developing children, the ability to shift attention (p < 0.001) and overall executive function (p < 0.001). Planning/organization was a stronger hub in the cognitive networks of children with ASD (p = 0.001). We show that ASD is not only characterized by impairments in various neurocognitive domains, but also alterations in their interaction. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-016-2929-8 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=297 [article] Mapping the Network of Neuropsychological Impairment in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Graph Theoretical Analysis [texte imprimé] / George M. IBRAHIM, Auteur ; Benjamin R. MORGAN, Auteur ; Vanessa M. VOGAN, Auteur ; Rachel C. LEUNG, Auteur ; Evdokia ANAGNOSTOU, Auteur ; Margot J. TAYLOR, Auteur . - p.3770-3777. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 46-12 (December 2016) . - p.3770-3777 Mots-clés : ASD  Graph theory  Network analysis Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) exhibit social-communicative impairments. Less is known about the neuropsychological profile of ASD, although cognitive and neuropsychological deficits are evident. We modelled neuropsychological function in 20 children with ASD and 20 sex, age and IQ matched typically-developing controls (ages 7–14) as a network of interacting parameters. Graph theoretical analysis was applied to identify critical topographic regions within this network. Two areas were significantly stronger hubs in typically-developing children, the ability to shift attention (p < 0.001) and overall executive function (p < 0.001). Planning/organization was a stronger hub in the cognitive networks of children with ASD (p = 0.001). We show that ASD is not only characterized by impairments in various neurocognitive domains, but also alterations in their interaction. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-016-2929-8 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=297

Reduced beta connectivity during emotional face processing in adolescents with autism / Rachel C. LEUNG in Molecular Autism, (October 2014)  

Public ISBD [article]  inMolecular Autism > (October 2014) . - p.1-13 Titre : Reduced beta connectivity during emotional face processing in adolescents with autism Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Rachel C. LEUNG, Auteur ; Annette X. YE, Auteur ; Simeon M. WONG, Auteur ; Margot J. TAYLOR, Auteur ; Sam M. DOESBURG, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1-13 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by impairments in social cognition. The biological basis of deficits in social cognition in ASD, and their difficulty in processing emotional face information in particular, remains unclear. Atypical communication within and between brain regions has been reported in ASD. Interregional phase-locking is a neurophysiological mechanism mediating communication among brain areas and is understood to support cognitive functions. In the present study we investigated interregional magnetoencephalographic phase synchronization during the perception of emotional faces in adolescents with ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/2040-2392-5-51 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=276 [article] Reduced beta connectivity during emotional face processing in adolescents with autism [texte imprimé] / Rachel C. LEUNG, Auteur ; Annette X. YE, Auteur ; Simeon M. WONG, Auteur ; Margot J. TAYLOR, Auteur ; Sam M. DOESBURG, Auteur . - p.1-13. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Molecular Autism > (October 2014) . - p.1-13 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by impairments in social cognition. The biological basis of deficits in social cognition in ASD, and their difficulty in processing emotional face information in particular, remains unclear. Atypical communication within and between brain regions has been reported in ASD. Interregional phase-locking is a neurophysiological mechanism mediating communication among brain areas and is understood to support cognitive functions. In the present study we investigated interregional magnetoencephalographic phase synchronization during the perception of emotional faces in adolescents with ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/2040-2392-5-51 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=276

Widespread White Matter Differences in Children and Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder / Vanessa M. VOGAN in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 46-6 (June 2016)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 46-6 (June 2016) . - p.2138-2147 Titre : Widespread White Matter Differences in Children and Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Vanessa M. VOGAN, Auteur ; Benjamin R. MORGAN, Auteur ; Rachel C. LEUNG, Auteur ; Evdokia ANAGNOSTOU, Auteur ; Krissy DOYLE-THOMAS, Auteur ; Margot J. TAYLOR, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.2138-2147 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : White matter  Diffusion tensor imaging  Autism Development Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Diffusion tensor imaging studies show white matter (WM) abnormalities in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, investigations are often limited by small samples, particularly problematic given the heterogeneity of ASD. We explored WM using DTI in a large sample of 130 children and adolescents (7–15 years) with and without ASD, whether age-related changes differed between ASD and control groups, and the relation between DTI measures and ASD symptomatology. Reduced fractional anisotropy and axial diffusivity were observed in ASD in numerous WM tracts, including the corpus callosum and thalamocortical fibres—tracts crucial for interhemispheric connectivity and higher order information processing. Widespread WM compromise in ASD is consistent with the view that ASD is a disorder of generalized complex information processing. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-016-2744-2 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=288 [article] Widespread White Matter Differences in Children and Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder [texte imprimé] / Vanessa M. VOGAN, Auteur ; Benjamin R. MORGAN, Auteur ; Rachel C. LEUNG, Auteur ; Evdokia ANAGNOSTOU, Auteur ; Krissy DOYLE-THOMAS, Auteur ; Margot J. TAYLOR, Auteur . - p.2138-2147. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 46-6 (June 2016) . - p.2138-2147 Mots-clés : White matter  Diffusion tensor imaging  Autism Development Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Diffusion tensor imaging studies show white matter (WM) abnormalities in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, investigations are often limited by small samples, particularly problematic given the heterogeneity of ASD. We explored WM using DTI in a large sample of 130 children and adolescents (7–15 years) with and without ASD, whether age-related changes differed between ASD and control groups, and the relation between DTI measures and ASD symptomatology. Reduced fractional anisotropy and axial diffusivity were observed in ASD in numerous WM tracts, including the corpus callosum and thalamocortical fibres—tracts crucial for interhemispheric connectivity and higher order information processing. Widespread WM compromise in ASD is consistent with the view that ASD is a disorder of generalized complex information processing. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-016-2744-2 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=288

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