Dépouillements

Practitioner Review: Assessment and treatment of refugee children and adolescents who have experienced war-related trauma / Kimberly A. EHNTHOLT in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 47-12 (December 2006)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 47-12 (December 2006) . - p.1197–1210 Titre : Practitioner Review: Assessment and treatment of refugee children and adolescents who have experienced war-related trauma Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Kimberly A. EHNTHOLT, Auteur ; William YULE, Auteur Année de publication : 2007 Article en page(s) : p.1197–1210 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Refugee children adolescents assessment treatment post-traumatic-stress-disorder trauma war Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: Increasingly clinicians are being asked to assess and treat young refugees, who have experienced traumatic events due to war and organised violence. However, evidence-based guidance remains scarce. Method: Published studies on the mental health difficulties of refugee children and adolescents, associated risk and protective factors, as well as effective interventions, particularly those designed to reduce war-related post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, were identified and reviewed. The findings are summarised. Results: Young refugees are frequently subjected to multiple traumatic events and severe losses, as well as ongoing stressors within the host country. Although young refugees are often resilient, many experience mental health difficulties, including PTSD, depression, anxiety and grief. An awareness of relevant risk and protective factors is important. A phased model of intervention is often useful and the need for a holistic approach crucial. Promising treatments for alleviating symptoms of war-related PTSD include cognitive behavioural treatment (CBT), testimonial psychotherapy, narrative exposure therapy (NET) and eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing (EMDR). Knowledge of the particular needs of unaccompanied asylum-seeking children (UASC), working with interpreters, cross-cultural differences, medico-legal report writing and the importance of clinician self-care is also necessary. Conclusion: More research is required in order to expand our limited knowledge base. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2006.01638.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=810 [article] Practitioner Review: Assessment and treatment of refugee children and adolescents who have experienced war-related trauma [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Kimberly A. EHNTHOLT, Auteur ; William YULE, Auteur . - 2007 . - p.1197–1210. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 47-12 (December 2006) . - p.1197–1210 Mots-clés : Refugee children adolescents assessment treatment post-traumatic-stress-disorder trauma war Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: Increasingly clinicians are being asked to assess and treat young refugees, who have experienced traumatic events due to war and organised violence. However, evidence-based guidance remains scarce. Method: Published studies on the mental health difficulties of refugee children and adolescents, associated risk and protective factors, as well as effective interventions, particularly those designed to reduce war-related post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, were identified and reviewed. The findings are summarised. Results: Young refugees are frequently subjected to multiple traumatic events and severe losses, as well as ongoing stressors within the host country. Although young refugees are often resilient, many experience mental health difficulties, including PTSD, depression, anxiety and grief. An awareness of relevant risk and protective factors is important. A phased model of intervention is often useful and the need for a holistic approach crucial. Promising treatments for alleviating symptoms of war-related PTSD include cognitive behavioural treatment (CBT), testimonial psychotherapy, narrative exposure therapy (NET) and eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing (EMDR). Knowledge of the particular needs of unaccompanied asylum-seeking children (UASC), working with interpreters, cross-cultural differences, medico-legal report writing and the importance of clinician self-care is also necessary. Conclusion: More research is required in order to expand our limited knowledge base. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2006.01638.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=810

The impact of structured activities among Palestinian children in a time of conflict / Maryanne LOUGHRY in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 47-12 (December 2006)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 47-12 (December 2006) . - p.1211–1218 Titre : The impact of structured activities among Palestinian children in a time of conflict Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Maryanne LOUGHRY, Auteur ; Alastair AGER, Auteur ; Eirini FLOURI, Auteur ; Vivian KHAMIS, Auteur ; Abdel Hamid AFANA, Auteur ; Samir QOUTA, Auteur Année de publication : 2007 Article en page(s) : p.1211–1218 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Conflict intervention Palestinian-children parent–child-relationships psychosocial activities refugees resilience structured-activities Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: There is growing evidence of the impact on children's well-being of exposure to political conflict in such settings as the Palestinian territories. This study examined the impact of child-focused interventions involving structured activities, supported by provision of equipment and training of facilitators. The focus of interventions was participation in recreational, cultural and other non-formal activities supporting the development of resilience. Impacts were hypothesised on children's social and emotional well-being, relationships with parents and degree of future orientation. Methods: Two hundred and fifty children from the West Bank and 150 children from Gaza took part in the study. Of these 400 children, 300 comprised the intervention group. Fifty children from Gaza and 50 children from the West Bank comprised the comparison group. There were equal numbers of girls and boys in all groups, with similar proportions of children aged between 6 and 11 years, and between 12 and 17 years. Measures used were the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), the Parental Support Scale and the Hopefulness Scale: Youth Version. Assessment was made as children enrolled on the structured activity programmes (T1) and again twelve months later (T2). Results: There was no difference in the CBCL Total, Internalising or Externalising problem scores at baseline (Time 1) between the children who subsequently took the intervention and those who did not. Compared to children in the comparison group, children in the intervention group had lower CBCL total problem scores, externalising problem scores, and internalising problem scores at Time 2 compared to Time 1. Exposure to the intervention was not associated with changes in children's hopefulness, but those receiving the intervention in the West Bank did report improved parental support at Time 2. Conclusions: The intervention appeared successful in improving children's emotional and behavioural well-being but not hopefulness. It was also linked with increased parental support in some areas (those located in the West Bank). En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2006.01656.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=811 [article] The impact of structured activities among Palestinian children in a time of conflict [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Maryanne LOUGHRY, Auteur ; Alastair AGER, Auteur ; Eirini FLOURI, Auteur ; Vivian KHAMIS, Auteur ; Abdel Hamid AFANA, Auteur ; Samir QOUTA, Auteur . - 2007 . - p.1211–1218. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 47-12 (December 2006) . - p.1211–1218 Mots-clés : Conflict intervention Palestinian-children parent–child-relationships psychosocial activities refugees resilience structured-activities Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: There is growing evidence of the impact on children's well-being of exposure to political conflict in such settings as the Palestinian territories. This study examined the impact of child-focused interventions involving structured activities, supported by provision of equipment and training of facilitators. The focus of interventions was participation in recreational, cultural and other non-formal activities supporting the development of resilience. Impacts were hypothesised on children's social and emotional well-being, relationships with parents and degree of future orientation. Methods: Two hundred and fifty children from the West Bank and 150 children from Gaza took part in the study. Of these 400 children, 300 comprised the intervention group. Fifty children from Gaza and 50 children from the West Bank comprised the comparison group. There were equal numbers of girls and boys in all groups, with similar proportions of children aged between 6 and 11 years, and between 12 and 17 years. Measures used were the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), the Parental Support Scale and the Hopefulness Scale: Youth Version. Assessment was made as children enrolled on the structured activity programmes (T1) and again twelve months later (T2). Results: There was no difference in the CBCL Total, Internalising or Externalising problem scores at baseline (Time 1) between the children who subsequently took the intervention and those who did not. Compared to children in the comparison group, children in the intervention group had lower CBCL total problem scores, externalising problem scores, and internalising problem scores at Time 2 compared to Time 1. Exposure to the intervention was not associated with changes in children's hopefulness, but those receiving the intervention in the West Bank did report improved parental support at Time 2. Conclusions: The intervention appeared successful in improving children's emotional and behavioural well-being but not hopefulness. It was also linked with increased parental support in some areas (those located in the West Bank). En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2006.01656.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=811

Pre-attack stress-load, appraisals, and coping in children's responses to the 9/11 terrorist attacks / Liliana J. LENGUA in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 47-12 (December 2006)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 47-12 (December 2006) . - p.1219–1227 Titre : Pre-attack stress-load, appraisals, and coping in children's responses to the 9/11 terrorist attacks Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Liliana J. LENGUA, Auteur ; Andrew N. MELTZOFF, Auteur ; Anna C. LONG, Auteur Année de publication : 2007 Article en page(s) : p.1219–1227 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : PTS appraisal coping stress-load disaster Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: Appraisal and coping following a disaster are important factors in children's post-traumatic stress (PTS) symptoms. However, little is known about predictors of disaster coping responses. This study examined stress-load, appraisals and coping styles measured prior to the September 11 terrorist attacks as predictors of 9/11-specific appraisals, coping and PTS. Methods: A community sample of children and parents (N = 143) participating in an ongoing study were interviewed by phone approximately 1 month following 9/11. Results: Pre-attack stress-load, appraisal and coping styles predicted children's 9/11-specific appraisals, coping, and PTS. 9/11-specific threat appraisals and avoidant coping predicted higher PTS and mediated the effects of pre-attack stress-load and threat appraisal. Conclusions: Pre-disaster stress-load, appraisal and coping styles predict disaster-specific appraisal and coping, which in turn, contribute to PTS. Coping interventions might mitigate PTS symptoms following a disaster. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2006.01664.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=812 [article] Pre-attack stress-load, appraisals, and coping in children's responses to the 9/11 terrorist attacks [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Liliana J. LENGUA, Auteur ; Andrew N. MELTZOFF, Auteur ; Anna C. LONG, Auteur . - 2007 . - p.1219–1227. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 47-12 (December 2006) . - p.1219–1227 Mots-clés : PTS appraisal coping stress-load disaster Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: Appraisal and coping following a disaster are important factors in children's post-traumatic stress (PTS) symptoms. However, little is known about predictors of disaster coping responses. This study examined stress-load, appraisals and coping styles measured prior to the September 11 terrorist attacks as predictors of 9/11-specific appraisals, coping and PTS. Methods: A community sample of children and parents (N = 143) participating in an ongoing study were interviewed by phone approximately 1 month following 9/11. Results: Pre-attack stress-load, appraisal and coping styles predicted children's 9/11-specific appraisals, coping, and PTS. 9/11-specific threat appraisals and avoidant coping predicted higher PTS and mediated the effects of pre-attack stress-load and threat appraisal. Conclusions: Pre-disaster stress-load, appraisal and coping styles predict disaster-specific appraisal and coping, which in turn, contribute to PTS. Coping interventions might mitigate PTS symptoms following a disaster. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2006.01664.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=812

The Emanuel Miller Memorial Lecture 2006: Adoption as intervention. Meta-analytic evidence for massive catch-up and plasticity in physical, socio-emotional, and cognitive development / Marinus H. VAN IJZENDOORN in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 47-12 (December 2006)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 47-12 (December 2006) . - p.1228–1245 Titre : The Emanuel Miller Memorial Lecture 2006: Adoption as intervention. Meta-analytic evidence for massive catch-up and plasticity in physical, socio-emotional, and cognitive development Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Marinus H. VAN IJZENDOORN, Auteur ; Femmie JUFFER, Auteur Année de publication : 2007 Article en page(s) : p.1228–1245 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adoption meta-analysis catch-up developmental-plasticity ethics growth attachment behaviour-problems brain-damage malnutrition residential-care resilience self-esteem Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: Adopted children have been said to be difficult children, scarred by their past experiences in maltreating families or neglecting orphanages, or by genetic or pre- and perinatal problems. Is (domestic or international) adoption an effective intervention in the developmental domains of physical growth, attachment security, cognitive development and school achievement, self-esteem, and behaviour problems? Method: Through a series of meta-analyses on more than 270 studies that include more than 230,000 adopted and non-adopted children and their parents an adoption catch-up model was tested. Results: Although catch-up with current peers was incomplete in some developmental domains (in particular, physical growth and attachment), adopted children largely outperformed their peers left behind. Adoptions before 12 months of age were associated with more complete catch-up than later adoptions for height, attachment, and school achievement. International adoptions did not lead to lower rates of catch-up than domestic adoptions in most developmental domains. Conclusions: It is concluded that adoption is an effective intervention leading to massive catch-up. Domestic and international adoptions can be justified on ethical grounds if no other solutions are available. Humans are adapted to adopt, and adoption demonstrates the plasticity of child development. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2006.01675.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=813 [article] The Emanuel Miller Memorial Lecture 2006: Adoption as intervention. Meta-analytic evidence for massive catch-up and plasticity in physical, socio-emotional, and cognitive development [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Marinus H. VAN IJZENDOORN, Auteur ; Femmie JUFFER, Auteur . - 2007 . - p.1228–1245. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 47-12 (December 2006) . - p.1228–1245 Mots-clés : Adoption meta-analysis catch-up developmental-plasticity ethics growth attachment behaviour-problems brain-damage malnutrition residential-care resilience self-esteem Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: Adopted children have been said to be difficult children, scarred by their past experiences in maltreating families or neglecting orphanages, or by genetic or pre- and perinatal problems. Is (domestic or international) adoption an effective intervention in the developmental domains of physical growth, attachment security, cognitive development and school achievement, self-esteem, and behaviour problems? Method: Through a series of meta-analyses on more than 270 studies that include more than 230,000 adopted and non-adopted children and their parents an adoption catch-up model was tested. Results: Although catch-up with current peers was incomplete in some developmental domains (in particular, physical growth and attachment), adopted children largely outperformed their peers left behind. Adoptions before 12 months of age were associated with more complete catch-up than later adoptions for height, attachment, and school achievement. International adoptions did not lead to lower rates of catch-up than domestic adoptions in most developmental domains. Conclusions: It is concluded that adoption is an effective intervention leading to massive catch-up. Domestic and international adoptions can be justified on ethical grounds if no other solutions are available. Humans are adapted to adopt, and adoption demonstrates the plasticity of child development. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2006.01675.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=813

The development of adopted children after institutional care: a follow-up study / Panayiota VORRIA in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 47-12 (December 2006)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 47-12 (December 2006) . - p.1246–1253 Titre : The development of adopted children after institutional care: a follow-up study Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Panayiota VORRIA, Auteur ; Marinus H. VAN IJZENDOORN, Auteur ; Judy DUNN, Auteur ; Zaira PAPALIGOURA, Auteur ; Jasmin SARAFIDOU, Auteur ; Maria KOPAKAKI, Auteur ; Antigoni KONTOPOULOU, Auteur Année de publication : 2007 Article en page(s) : p.1246–1253 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adoption attachment follow-up-study social-and-cognitive-development residential-care pre-school-children Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: Research suggests that institutional care has long-lasting effects on children. However, no study has longitudinally studied infants in an institution and their subsequent development at age four. Methods: Sixty-one adopted children aged four years who had spent their first two years of life in an institution were compared to 39 children reared in their own two-parent families. Cognitive development, security of attachment, shyness, children's emotional understanding and behavioural problems were examined in both groups. Parental health and stress were also assessed Results: At four years adopted children still had lower scores on cognitive development, were less secure, and less able to understand emotions than family-reared children. Children with a secure attachment type in infancy were found to be less secure at age four, compared with those who were classified in infancy as having an insecure attachment type. Their physical development had recovered, they were less shy, had no behavioural problems and no problems in the relationship with their teacher. Conclusions: Early residential group care has long-lasting effects on important socio-emotional and cognitive aspects of preschool children's development. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2006.01666.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=814 [article] The development of adopted children after institutional care: a follow-up study [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Panayiota VORRIA, Auteur ; Marinus H. VAN IJZENDOORN, Auteur ; Judy DUNN, Auteur ; Zaira PAPALIGOURA, Auteur ; Jasmin SARAFIDOU, Auteur ; Maria KOPAKAKI, Auteur ; Antigoni KONTOPOULOU, Auteur . - 2007 . - p.1246–1253. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 47-12 (December 2006) . - p.1246–1253 Mots-clés : Adoption attachment follow-up-study social-and-cognitive-development residential-care pre-school-children Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: Research suggests that institutional care has long-lasting effects on children. However, no study has longitudinally studied infants in an institution and their subsequent development at age four. Methods: Sixty-one adopted children aged four years who had spent their first two years of life in an institution were compared to 39 children reared in their own two-parent families. Cognitive development, security of attachment, shyness, children's emotional understanding and behavioural problems were examined in both groups. Parental health and stress were also assessed Results: At four years adopted children still had lower scores on cognitive development, were less secure, and less able to understand emotions than family-reared children. Children with a secure attachment type in infancy were found to be less secure at age four, compared with those who were classified in infancy as having an insecure attachment type. Their physical development had recovered, they were less shy, had no behavioural problems and no problems in the relationship with their teacher. Conclusions: Early residential group care has long-lasting effects on important socio-emotional and cognitive aspects of preschool children's development. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2006.01666.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=814

Efficacy of Interpersonal Psychotherapy-Adolescent Skills Training: an indicated preventive intervention for depression / Jami F. YOUNG in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 47-12 (December 2006)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 47-12 (December 2006) . - p.1254–1262 Titre : Efficacy of Interpersonal Psychotherapy-Adolescent Skills Training: an indicated preventive intervention for depression Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Jami F. YOUNG, Auteur ; Laura MUFSON, Auteur ; Mark DAVIES, Auteur Année de publication : 2007 Article en page(s) : p.1254–1262 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Prevention depression adolescence psychotherapy Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: Indicated interventions for adolescents with elevated depressive symptoms may help decrease rates of depression. The current study reports on the efficacy of Interpersonal Psychotherapy-Adolescent Skills Training (IPT-AST), a group indicated preventive intervention. Methods: Forty-one adolescents with elevated depression symptoms were randomized to receive either IPT-AST or school counseling (SC) as delivered by guidance counselors and social workers. Adolescents in the two intervention conditions were compared on depression symptoms, overall functioning, and depression diagnoses post-intervention and at 3-month and 6-month follow-up. Results: Adolescents who received IPT-AST had significantly fewer depression symptoms and better overall functioning post-intervention and at follow-up. Adolescents in IPT-AST also reported fewer depression diagnoses than adolescents in usual care. Conclusions: These results provide preliminary evidence of the efficacy of IPT-AST as an intervention for adolescents with subthreshold depression. Future research is needed to confirm the efficacy of IPT-AST in a larger and more diverse sample and to determine its long-term impact on depression symptoms and depression diagnoses. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2006.01667.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=815 [article] Efficacy of Interpersonal Psychotherapy-Adolescent Skills Training: an indicated preventive intervention for depression [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Jami F. YOUNG, Auteur ; Laura MUFSON, Auteur ; Mark DAVIES, Auteur . - 2007 . - p.1254–1262. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 47-12 (December 2006) . - p.1254–1262 Mots-clés : Prevention depression adolescence psychotherapy Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: Indicated interventions for adolescents with elevated depressive symptoms may help decrease rates of depression. The current study reports on the efficacy of Interpersonal Psychotherapy-Adolescent Skills Training (IPT-AST), a group indicated preventive intervention. Methods: Forty-one adolescents with elevated depression symptoms were randomized to receive either IPT-AST or school counseling (SC) as delivered by guidance counselors and social workers. Adolescents in the two intervention conditions were compared on depression symptoms, overall functioning, and depression diagnoses post-intervention and at 3-month and 6-month follow-up. Results: Adolescents who received IPT-AST had significantly fewer depression symptoms and better overall functioning post-intervention and at follow-up. Adolescents in IPT-AST also reported fewer depression diagnoses than adolescents in usual care. Conclusions: These results provide preliminary evidence of the efficacy of IPT-AST as an intervention for adolescents with subthreshold depression. Future research is needed to confirm the efficacy of IPT-AST in a larger and more diverse sample and to determine its long-term impact on depression symptoms and depression diagnoses. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2006.01667.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=815

Is there an epidemic of child or adolescent depression? / E. Jane COSTELLO in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 47-12 (December 2006)

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 47-12 (December 2006) . - p.1263–1271 Titre : Is there an epidemic of child or adolescent depression? Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : E. Jane COSTELLO, Auteur ; Adrian ANGOLD, Auteur ; Alaattin ERKANLI, Auteur Année de publication : 2007 Article en page(s) : p.1263–1271 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Depression child adolescent prevalence meta-analysis epidemic Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: Both the professional and the general media have recently published concerns about an 'epidemic' of child and adolescent depression. Reasons for this concern include (1) increases in antidepressant prescriptions, (2) retrospective recall by successive birth cohorts of adults, (3) rising adolescent suicide rates until 1990, and (4) evidence of an increase in emotional problems across three cohorts of British adolescents. Methods: Epidemiologic studies of children born between 1965 and 1996 were reviewed and a meta-analysis conducted of all studies that used structured diagnostic interviews to make formal diagnoses of depression on representative population samples of participants up to age 18. The effect of year of birth on prevalence was estimated, controlling for age, sex, sample size, taxonomy (e.g., DSM vs. ICD), measurement instrument, and time-frame of the interview (current, 3 months, 6 months, 12 months). Results: Twenty-six studies were identified, generating close to 60,000 observations on children born between 1965 and 1996 who had received at least one structured psychiatric interview capable of making a formal diagnosis of depression. Rates of depression showed no effect of year of birth. There was little effect of taxonomy, measurement instrument, or time-frame of interview. The overall prevalence estimates were: under 13, 2.8% (standard error (SE) .5%); 13–18 5.6% (SE .3%); 13–18 girls: 5.9% (SE .3%); 13–18 boys: 4.6% (SE .3%). Conclusions: When concurrent assessment rather than retrospective recall is used, there is no evidence for an increased prevalence of child or adolescent depression over the past 30 years. Public perception of an 'epidemic' may arise from heightened awareness of a disorder that was long under-diagnosed by clinicians. Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=816 [article] Is there an epidemic of child or adolescent depression? [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / E. Jane COSTELLO, Auteur ; Adrian ANGOLD, Auteur ; Alaattin ERKANLI, Auteur . - 2007 . - p.1263–1271. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 47-12 (December 2006) . - p.1263–1271 Mots-clés : Depression child adolescent prevalence meta-analysis epidemic Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: Both the professional and the general media have recently published concerns about an 'epidemic' of child and adolescent depression. Reasons for this concern include (1) increases in antidepressant prescriptions, (2) retrospective recall by successive birth cohorts of adults, (3) rising adolescent suicide rates until 1990, and (4) evidence of an increase in emotional problems across three cohorts of British adolescents. Methods: Epidemiologic studies of children born between 1965 and 1996 were reviewed and a meta-analysis conducted of all studies that used structured diagnostic interviews to make formal diagnoses of depression on representative population samples of participants up to age 18. The effect of year of birth on prevalence was estimated, controlling for age, sex, sample size, taxonomy (e.g., DSM vs. ICD), measurement instrument, and time-frame of the interview (current, 3 months, 6 months, 12 months). Results: Twenty-six studies were identified, generating close to 60,000 observations on children born between 1965 and 1996 who had received at least one structured psychiatric interview capable of making a formal diagnosis of depression. Rates of depression showed no effect of year of birth. There was little effect of taxonomy, measurement instrument, or time-frame of interview. The overall prevalence estimates were: under 13, 2.8% (standard error (SE) .5%); 13–18 5.6% (SE .3%); 13–18 girls: 5.9% (SE .3%); 13–18 boys: 4.6% (SE .3%). Conclusions: When concurrent assessment rather than retrospective recall is used, there is no evidence for an increased prevalence of child or adolescent depression over the past 30 years. Public perception of an 'epidemic' may arise from heightened awareness of a disorder that was long under-diagnosed by clinicians. Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=816

Gender-specific development of nonverbal behaviours and mild depression in adolescence / Yolanda VAN BEEK in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 47-12 (December 2006)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 47-12 (December 2006) . - p.1272–1283 Titre : Gender-specific development of nonverbal behaviours and mild depression in adolescence Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Yolanda VAN BEEK, Auteur ; Marlies S. M. VAN DOLDEREN, Auteur ; Judith J. S. DEMON DUBAS, Auteur Année de publication : 2007 Article en page(s) : p.1272–1283 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Depression adolescence nonverbal-behaviour gender-differences behavioural-measures Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: Individual differences in depressive symptoms have been linked with social skill deficits in adults and children, yet empirical studies on adolescents are lacking. The present research examines age and gender differences in nonverbal behaviour between mildly depressed and nondepressed (pre-) adolescents during conversations with an adult (study 1) and a same-aged peer (study 2). Both studies also examine whether conversation partners respond differently to mildly depressed versus nondepressed (pre)adolescents. Methods: Study 1 reports on observations of conversations of 9–15-year-old children (n = 122) with a female adult partner. Study 2 reports findings of observations of 12–17-year-old adolescents (n = 154) in conversation with same-age, same-sex peers. Results: Both studies show gender and/or age effects in gazing, smiling and backchannel behaviours that indicate that as adolescents mature they increasingly behave according to gender-specific display rules. While talking to an adult, depressed (pre-)adolescents and the adult partner differed in backchannel behaviours. While talking to peers, only depressed adolescent girls showed less gazing towards the partner during listening. Moreover, adolescents smiled less often towards depressed than nondepressed partners. Conclusions: Gender-specific development of nonverbal behaviour may help to understand the development of gender differences in depression in adolescence. Females who fail to exhibit other-oriented social skills may be particularly at risk for depressive symptoms. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2006.01663.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=817 [article] Gender-specific development of nonverbal behaviours and mild depression in adolescence [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Yolanda VAN BEEK, Auteur ; Marlies S. M. VAN DOLDEREN, Auteur ; Judith J. S. DEMON DUBAS, Auteur . - 2007 . - p.1272–1283. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 47-12 (December 2006) . - p.1272–1283 Mots-clés : Depression adolescence nonverbal-behaviour gender-differences behavioural-measures Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: Individual differences in depressive symptoms have been linked with social skill deficits in adults and children, yet empirical studies on adolescents are lacking. The present research examines age and gender differences in nonverbal behaviour between mildly depressed and nondepressed (pre-) adolescents during conversations with an adult (study 1) and a same-aged peer (study 2). Both studies also examine whether conversation partners respond differently to mildly depressed versus nondepressed (pre)adolescents. Methods: Study 1 reports on observations of conversations of 9–15-year-old children (n = 122) with a female adult partner. Study 2 reports findings of observations of 12–17-year-old adolescents (n = 154) in conversation with same-age, same-sex peers. Results: Both studies show gender and/or age effects in gazing, smiling and backchannel behaviours that indicate that as adolescents mature they increasingly behave according to gender-specific display rules. While talking to an adult, depressed (pre-)adolescents and the adult partner differed in backchannel behaviours. While talking to peers, only depressed adolescent girls showed less gazing towards the partner during listening. Moreover, adolescents smiled less often towards depressed than nondepressed partners. Conclusions: Gender-specific development of nonverbal behaviour may help to understand the development of gender differences in depression in adolescence. Females who fail to exhibit other-oriented social skills may be particularly at risk for depressive symptoms. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2006.01663.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=817

Attention difficulties and mood-related ruminative response style in adolescents with unipolar depression / Paul O. WILKINSON in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 47-12 (December 2006)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 47-12 (December 2006) . - p.1284–1291 Titre : Attention difficulties and mood-related ruminative response style in adolescents with unipolar depression Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Paul O. WILKINSON, Auteur ; Ian M. GOODYER, Auteur Année de publication : 2007 Article en page(s) : p.1284–1291 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adolescence depression executive-function neuropsychology rumination Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: Depressed adults may show impairment in switching attention from one task to another. Rumination on negative thoughts is associated with the onset and persistence of depressive episodes. It is unclear if such mood-related ruminations are specifically associated with slowed ability in switching attention from one task to another. Method: Adolescents with current unipolar depression (n = 40) were compared with age and sex-matched controls (n = 38) on tests of attention and general cognitive abilities and completed the mood-related ruminative response style questionnaire. Results: Compared to controls, depressed participants were significantly slower at switching attention. There was no association between attentional switching and mood-related ruminations and both processes contributed to the likelihood of being depressed. Findings were not accounted for by slowness in reading and speaking, the effects of antidepressants nor being more careful on tasks. Conclusions: Depressed adolescents demonstrate dual deficits in mood-related ruminative thinking and attention. Further studies are needed to investigate whether higher ruminations are associated with attention impairments in emotionally-valent attentional switching tasks, and whether both processes precede the emergence of clinical disorder. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2006.01660.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=818 [article] Attention difficulties and mood-related ruminative response style in adolescents with unipolar depression [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Paul O. WILKINSON, Auteur ; Ian M. GOODYER, Auteur . - 2007 . - p.1284–1291. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 47-12 (December 2006) . - p.1284–1291 Mots-clés : Adolescence depression executive-function neuropsychology rumination Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: Depressed adults may show impairment in switching attention from one task to another. Rumination on negative thoughts is associated with the onset and persistence of depressive episodes. It is unclear if such mood-related ruminations are specifically associated with slowed ability in switching attention from one task to another. Method: Adolescents with current unipolar depression (n = 40) were compared with age and sex-matched controls (n = 38) on tests of attention and general cognitive abilities and completed the mood-related ruminative response style questionnaire. Results: Compared to controls, depressed participants were significantly slower at switching attention. There was no association between attentional switching and mood-related ruminations and both processes contributed to the likelihood of being depressed. Findings were not accounted for by slowness in reading and speaking, the effects of antidepressants nor being more careful on tasks. Conclusions: Depressed adolescents demonstrate dual deficits in mood-related ruminative thinking and attention. Further studies are needed to investigate whether higher ruminations are associated with attention impairments in emotionally-valent attentional switching tasks, and whether both processes precede the emergence of clinical disorder. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2006.01660.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=818

Risk factors for preschool depression: the mediating role of early stressful life events / Joan L. LUBY in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 47-12 (December 2006)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 47-12 (December 2006) . - p.1292–1298 Titre : Risk factors for preschool depression: the mediating role of early stressful life events Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Joan L. LUBY, Auteur ; Andy C. BELDEN, Auteur ; Edward SPITZNAGEL, Auteur Année de publication : 2007 Article en page(s) : p.1292–1298 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Development family-history parent-child-relationships psychosocial-risk preschool-depression Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: Family history of mood disorders and stressful life events are both established risk factors for childhood depression. However, the role of mediators in risk trajectories, which are potential targets for intervention, remains understudied. To date, there have been no investigations of mediating relationships between risk factors and very early onset depression, a developmental period during which intervention may be more effective. The current study used regression analyses to examine the relationships between family history of mood disorders and stressful life events as risk factors for depression in a preschool sample. Method: Preschoolers 3.0 to 5.6 years of age participated in a comprehensive mental health assessment. Caregivers were interviewed about their children using a structured diagnostic measure to derive DSM-IV major depressive disorder (MDD) diagnoses and dimensional depression severity scores. Family history of psychiatric disorders and preschoolers' stressful life events was obtained. Results: Both family history and stressful life events predicted depression severity scores 6 months later. Analyses examining the influence of family history of mood disorders and stressful life events on preschoolers' depression severity demonstrated that stressful life events mediated the relationship between family history and preschoolers' depression. Conclusions: Findings outline the key role of exposure to early stressful life events as a mediator of familial mood disorder risk in preschool onset depression. This finding in a preschool sample provides support for the hypothesis that psychosocial factors may have increased importance as mediators of risk in younger age groups. Findings suggest that psychosocial factors should be considered key targets for early intervention in depression. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2006.01672.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=819 [article] Risk factors for preschool depression: the mediating role of early stressful life events [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Joan L. LUBY, Auteur ; Andy C. BELDEN, Auteur ; Edward SPITZNAGEL, Auteur . - 2007 . - p.1292–1298. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 47-12 (December 2006) . - p.1292–1298 Mots-clés : Development family-history parent-child-relationships psychosocial-risk preschool-depression Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: Family history of mood disorders and stressful life events are both established risk factors for childhood depression. However, the role of mediators in risk trajectories, which are potential targets for intervention, remains understudied. To date, there have been no investigations of mediating relationships between risk factors and very early onset depression, a developmental period during which intervention may be more effective. The current study used regression analyses to examine the relationships between family history of mood disorders and stressful life events as risk factors for depression in a preschool sample. Method: Preschoolers 3.0 to 5.6 years of age participated in a comprehensive mental health assessment. Caregivers were interviewed about their children using a structured diagnostic measure to derive DSM-IV major depressive disorder (MDD) diagnoses and dimensional depression severity scores. Family history of psychiatric disorders and preschoolers' stressful life events was obtained. Results: Both family history and stressful life events predicted depression severity scores 6 months later. Analyses examining the influence of family history of mood disorders and stressful life events on preschoolers' depression severity demonstrated that stressful life events mediated the relationship between family history and preschoolers' depression. Conclusions: Findings outline the key role of exposure to early stressful life events as a mediator of familial mood disorder risk in preschool onset depression. This finding in a preschool sample provides support for the hypothesis that psychosocial factors may have increased importance as mediators of risk in younger age groups. Findings suggest that psychosocial factors should be considered key targets for early intervention in depression. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2006.01672.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=819

The impact of alcohol-specific rules, parental norms about early drinking and parental alcohol use on adolescents'drinking behavior / Haske VAN DER VORST in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 47-12 (December 2006)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 47-12 (December 2006) . - p.1299–1306 Titre : The impact of alcohol-specific rules, parental norms about early drinking and parental alcohol use on adolescents'drinking behavior Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Haske VAN DER VORST, Auteur ; Rutger C.M.E. ENGELS, Auteur ; Maja DEKOVIC, Auteur ; Wim H. J. MEEUS, Auteur Année de publication : 2007 Article en page(s) : p.1299–1306 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Alcohol alcohol-specific-rules parental-drinking parental-norms-about-early-drinking Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: The present study explores the role of having rules about alcohol, parental norms about early alcohol use, and parental alcohol use in the development of adolescents' drinking behavior. It is assumed that parental norms and alcohol use affect the rules parents have about alcohol, which in turn prevents alcohol use by adolescent children. Methods: Longitudinal data collected from 416 families consisting of both parents and two adolescents (aged 13 to 16 years) were used for the analyses. Results: Results of structural equation modeling show that having clear rules decreases the likelihood of drinking in adolescence. However, longitudinally alcohol-specific rules have only an indirect effect on adolescents' alcohol use, namely through earlier drinking. Analyses focusing on explaining the onset of drinking revealed that having strict rules was related to the postponement of drinking initiation of older and younger adolescents. Further, parental norms about adolescents' early drinking and parental alcohol use were associated with having alcohol-specific rules. Parental norms were also related to adolescents' alcohol use. Conclusions: The current study is one of the first using a full family design to provide insight into the role of alcohol-specific rules on adolescents' drinking. It was shown that having strict rules is related to postponement of drinking, and that having alcohol-specific rules depends on other factors, thus underlining the complexity of the influence of parenting on the development of adolescents' alcohol use. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2006.01680.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=820 [article] The impact of alcohol-specific rules, parental norms about early drinking and parental alcohol use on adolescents'drinking behavior [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Haske VAN DER VORST, Auteur ; Rutger C.M.E. ENGELS, Auteur ; Maja DEKOVIC, Auteur ; Wim H. J. MEEUS, Auteur . - 2007 . - p.1299–1306. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 47-12 (December 2006) . - p.1299–1306 Mots-clés : Alcohol alcohol-specific-rules parental-drinking parental-norms-about-early-drinking Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: The present study explores the role of having rules about alcohol, parental norms about early alcohol use, and parental alcohol use in the development of adolescents' drinking behavior. It is assumed that parental norms and alcohol use affect the rules parents have about alcohol, which in turn prevents alcohol use by adolescent children. Methods: Longitudinal data collected from 416 families consisting of both parents and two adolescents (aged 13 to 16 years) were used for the analyses. Results: Results of structural equation modeling show that having clear rules decreases the likelihood of drinking in adolescence. However, longitudinally alcohol-specific rules have only an indirect effect on adolescents' alcohol use, namely through earlier drinking. Analyses focusing on explaining the onset of drinking revealed that having strict rules was related to the postponement of drinking initiation of older and younger adolescents. Further, parental norms about adolescents' early drinking and parental alcohol use were associated with having alcohol-specific rules. Parental norms were also related to adolescents' alcohol use. Conclusions: The current study is one of the first using a full family design to provide insight into the role of alcohol-specific rules on adolescents' drinking. It was shown that having strict rules is related to postponement of drinking, and that having alcohol-specific rules depends on other factors, thus underlining the complexity of the influence of parenting on the development of adolescents' alcohol use. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2006.01680.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=820

Editorial / Frank C. VERHULST in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 47-12 (December 2006)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 47-12 (December 2006) . - p.1195–1196 Titre : Editorial Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Frank C. VERHULST, Auteur Année de publication : 2007 Article en page(s) : p.1195–1196 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2006.01708.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=423 [article] Editorial [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Frank C. VERHULST, Auteur . - 2007 . - p.1195–1196. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 47-12 (December 2006) . - p.1195–1196 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2006.01708.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=423