Development of Planning in Children with High-Functioning Autism Spectrum Disorders and/or Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder / Josef M. UNTERRAINER in Autism Research, 9-7 (July 2016)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 9-7 (July 2016) . - p.739-751 Titre : Development of Planning in Children with High-Functioning Autism Spectrum Disorders and/or Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Josef M. UNTERRAINER, Auteur ; Reinhold RAUH, Auteur ; Benjamin RAHM, Auteur ; Jochen HARDT, Auteur ; Christoph P. KALLER, Auteur ; Christoph KLEIN, Auteur ; Mirjam PASCHKE-MÜLLER, Auteur ; Monica BISCALDI, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.739-751 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism  ADHD  cognitive development  Tower of London  planning Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Planning impairment is often observed in children with high-functioning autism spectrum disorders (ASD), but attempts to differentiate planning in ASD from children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and typically developing children (TD) have yielded inconsistent results. This study examined differences between these groups by focusing on development and analyzing performance in searching ahead several steps (“search depth”) in addition to commonly used global performance measures in planning. A cross-sectional consecutive sample of 83 male patients (6–13 years), subgrouped as ASD without (ASD−, n = 18) or with comorbid ADHD (ASD+, n = 23), ADHD only (n = 42) and n = 42 TD children (6–13 years) were tested with the Tower-of-London-task. For global performance, ASD+ showed the lowest accuracy in younger children, but similar performance as TD at older ages, suggesting delayed development. Typically, a prolongation of planning time with increasing problem difficulty is observed in older children as compared to younger children. Here, this was most pronounced in ASD−, but under-expressed in ADHD. In contrast to global performance, effects of search depth were independent of age. ASD−, but not ASD+, showed increased susceptibility to raised demands on mentally searching ahead, along with the longest planning times. Thus, examining both global and search depth performance across ages revealed discernible patterns of planning between groups. Notably, the potentially detrimental impact of two diagnosed disorders does not add up in ASD+ in this task. Rather, our results suggest paradoxical enhancement of performance, ostensibly attributable to disruption of behavioral rigidity through increased impulsivity, which did not take place in ASD−. Autism Res 2016, 9: 739–751. © 2015 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1574 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=292 [article] Development of Planning in Children with High-Functioning Autism Spectrum Disorders and/or Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder [texte imprimé] / Josef M. UNTERRAINER, Auteur ; Reinhold RAUH, Auteur ; Benjamin RAHM, Auteur ; Jochen HARDT, Auteur ; Christoph P. KALLER, Auteur ; Christoph KLEIN, Auteur ; Mirjam PASCHKE-MÜLLER, Auteur ; Monica BISCALDI, Auteur . - p.739-751. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 9-7 (July 2016) . - p.739-751 Mots-clés : autism  ADHD  cognitive development  Tower of London  planning Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Planning impairment is often observed in children with high-functioning autism spectrum disorders (ASD), but attempts to differentiate planning in ASD from children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and typically developing children (TD) have yielded inconsistent results. This study examined differences between these groups by focusing on development and analyzing performance in searching ahead several steps (“search depth”) in addition to commonly used global performance measures in planning. A cross-sectional consecutive sample of 83 male patients (6–13 years), subgrouped as ASD without (ASD−, n = 18) or with comorbid ADHD (ASD+, n = 23), ADHD only (n = 42) and n = 42 TD children (6–13 years) were tested with the Tower-of-London-task. For global performance, ASD+ showed the lowest accuracy in younger children, but similar performance as TD at older ages, suggesting delayed development. Typically, a prolongation of planning time with increasing problem difficulty is observed in older children as compared to younger children. Here, this was most pronounced in ASD−, but under-expressed in ADHD. In contrast to global performance, effects of search depth were independent of age. ASD−, but not ASD+, showed increased susceptibility to raised demands on mentally searching ahead, along with the longest planning times. Thus, examining both global and search depth performance across ages revealed discernible patterns of planning between groups. Notably, the potentially detrimental impact of two diagnosed disorders does not add up in ASD+ in this task. Rather, our results suggest paradoxical enhancement of performance, ostensibly attributable to disruption of behavioral rigidity through increased impulsivity, which did not take place in ASD−. Autism Res 2016, 9: 739–751. © 2015 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1574 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=292

Intuitive Moral Reasoning in High-Functioning Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Matter of Social Schemas? / U.M. SCHALLER in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 49-5 (May 2019)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 49-5 (May 2019) . - p.1807-1824 Titre : Intuitive Moral Reasoning in High-Functioning Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Matter of Social Schemas? Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : U.M. SCHALLER, Auteur ; Monica BISCALDI, Auteur ; T. FANGMEIER, Auteur ; L. TEBARTZ VAN ELST, Auteur ; Reinhold RAUH, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1807-1824 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism Spectrum Disorder  Dual-process theory  Empathy  Moral  Moral cognition  Moral dilemma  Moral reasoning  Schema theory  Social schema  Theory of mind Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Using a schema-theoretical perspective in the field of moral cognition, we assessed response behavior of adolescent (n = 15) and adult (n = 22) individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in comparison with adolescent (n = 22) and adult (n = 22) neurotypically developed controls. We conceptualized the Intuitive Moral Reasoning Test-in five moral dilemmas, participants had to choose between two alternative actions and assess their decision with respect to emotional valence, arousal, moral acceptability and permissibility from both the perspective of the acting person and then of the victim. Patients with ASD displayed a different decision and response behavior, particularly when the dilemmas were based on extreme life situations in combination with a social schema involving close social relationships. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-018-03869-y Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=393 [article] Intuitive Moral Reasoning in High-Functioning Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Matter of Social Schemas? [texte imprimé] / U.M. SCHALLER, Auteur ; Monica BISCALDI, Auteur ; T. FANGMEIER, Auteur ; L. TEBARTZ VAN ELST, Auteur ; Reinhold RAUH, Auteur . - p.1807-1824. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 49-5 (May 2019) . - p.1807-1824 Mots-clés : Autism Spectrum Disorder  Dual-process theory  Empathy  Moral  Moral cognition  Moral dilemma  Moral reasoning  Schema theory  Social schema  Theory of mind Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Using a schema-theoretical perspective in the field of moral cognition, we assessed response behavior of adolescent (n = 15) and adult (n = 22) individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in comparison with adolescent (n = 22) and adult (n = 22) neurotypically developed controls. We conceptualized the Intuitive Moral Reasoning Test-in five moral dilemmas, participants had to choose between two alternative actions and assess their decision with respect to emotional valence, arousal, moral acceptability and permissibility from both the perspective of the acting person and then of the victim. Patients with ASD displayed a different decision and response behavior, particularly when the dilemmas were based on extreme life situations in combination with a social schema involving close social relationships. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-018-03869-y Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=393

What Difference Does It Make? Implicit, Explicit and Complex Social Cognition in Autism Spectrum Disorders / Ulrich M. SCHALLER in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 47-4 (April 2017)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 47-4 (April 2017) . - p.961-979 Titre : What Difference Does It Make? Implicit, Explicit and Complex Social Cognition in Autism Spectrum Disorders Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Ulrich M. SCHALLER, Auteur ; Reinhold RAUH, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.961-979 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder  Social cognition  Theory of mind  Implicit emotion processing  Explicit emotion processing  Social schema Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : We tested social cognition abilities of adolescents with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and neurotypically developed peers (NTD). A multi-faceted test-battery including facial emotion categorization (FEC), classical false belief tasks (FBT), and complex social cognition (SC), yielded significantly lower accuracy rates for FEC and complex SC tasks in ASD, but no significant differences in performance concerning FBT. A significant correlation between age and performance in a FEC task and in a complex task was found only in ASD. We propose that dynamic and/or fragmented FEC tasks can elicit deficits in implicit processing of facial emotion more efficiently. The difficulties of ASD in solving complex SC tasks can be ascribed to deficits in the acquisition and application of social schemata. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-016-3008-x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=304 [article] What Difference Does It Make? Implicit, Explicit and Complex Social Cognition in Autism Spectrum Disorders [texte imprimé] / Ulrich M. SCHALLER, Auteur ; Reinhold RAUH, Auteur . - p.961-979. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 47-4 (April 2017) . - p.961-979 Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder  Social cognition  Theory of mind  Implicit emotion processing  Explicit emotion processing  Social schema Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : We tested social cognition abilities of adolescents with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and neurotypically developed peers (NTD). A multi-faceted test-battery including facial emotion categorization (FEC), classical false belief tasks (FBT), and complex social cognition (SC), yielded significantly lower accuracy rates for FEC and complex SC tasks in ASD, but no significant differences in performance concerning FBT. A significant correlation between age and performance in a FEC task and in a complex task was found only in ASD. We propose that dynamic and/or fragmented FEC tasks can elicit deficits in implicit processing of facial emotion more efficiently. The difficulties of ASD in solving complex SC tasks can be ascribed to deficits in the acquisition and application of social schemata. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-016-3008-x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=304

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