Annual Research Review: Embracing not erasing contextual variability in children’s behavior – theory and utility in the selection and use of methods and informants in developmental psychopathology / Melanie A. DIRKS in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 53-5 (May 2012)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 53-5 (May 2012) . - p.558-574 Titre : Annual Research Review: Embracing not erasing contextual variability in children’s behavior – theory and utility in the selection and use of methods and informants in developmental psychopathology Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Melanie A. DIRKS, Auteur ; Andres DE LOS REYES, Auteur ; Margaret J. BRIGGS-GOWAN, Auteur ; David CELLA, Auteur ; Lauren S. WAKSCHLAG, Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : p.558-574 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Methodology  assessment  development  ADD/ADHD  disruptive behavior  situation specificity  informant discrepancies Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This paper examines the selection and use of multiple methods and informants for the assessment of disruptive behavior syndromes and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, providing a critical discussion of (a) the bidirectional linkages between theoretical models of childhood psychopathology and current assessment techniques; and (b) current knowledge concerning the utility of different methods and informants for key clinical goals. There is growing recognition that children’s behavior varies meaningfully across situations, and evidence indicates that these differences, in combination with informants’ unique perspectives, are at least partly responsible for inter-rater discrepancies in reports of symptomatology. Such data suggest that we should embrace this contextual variability as clinically meaningful information, moving away from models of psychopathology as generalized traits that manifest uniformly across situations and settings, and toward theoretical conceptualizations that explicitly incorporate contextual features, such as considering clinical syndromes identified by different informants to be discrete phenomena. We highlight different approaches to measurement that embrace contextual variability in children’s behavior and describe how the use of such tools and techniques may yield significant gains clinically (e.g., for treatment planning and monitoring). The continued development of a variety of feasible, contextually sensitive methods for assessing children’s behavior will allow us to determine further the validity of incorporating contextual features into models of developmental psychopathology and nosological frameworks. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2012.02537.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=154 [article] Annual Research Review: Embracing not erasing contextual variability in children’s behavior – theory and utility in the selection and use of methods and informants in developmental psychopathology [texte imprimé] / Melanie A. DIRKS, Auteur ; Andres DE LOS REYES, Auteur ; Margaret J. BRIGGS-GOWAN, Auteur ; David CELLA, Auteur ; Lauren S. WAKSCHLAG, Auteur . - 2012 . - p.558-574. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 53-5 (May 2012) . - p.558-574 Mots-clés : Methodology  assessment  development  ADD/ADHD  disruptive behavior  situation specificity  informant discrepancies Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This paper examines the selection and use of multiple methods and informants for the assessment of disruptive behavior syndromes and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, providing a critical discussion of (a) the bidirectional linkages between theoretical models of childhood psychopathology and current assessment techniques; and (b) current knowledge concerning the utility of different methods and informants for key clinical goals. There is growing recognition that children’s behavior varies meaningfully across situations, and evidence indicates that these differences, in combination with informants’ unique perspectives, are at least partly responsible for inter-rater discrepancies in reports of symptomatology. Such data suggest that we should embrace this contextual variability as clinically meaningful information, moving away from models of psychopathology as generalized traits that manifest uniformly across situations and settings, and toward theoretical conceptualizations that explicitly incorporate contextual features, such as considering clinical syndromes identified by different informants to be discrete phenomena. We highlight different approaches to measurement that embrace contextual variability in children’s behavior and describe how the use of such tools and techniques may yield significant gains clinically (e.g., for treatment planning and monitoring). The continued development of a variety of feasible, contextually sensitive methods for assessing children’s behavior will allow us to determine further the validity of incorporating contextual features into models of developmental psychopathology and nosological frameworks. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2012.02537.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=154

Differentiating typical from atypical perpetration of sibling-directed aggression during the preschool years / Melanie A. DIRKS in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 60-3 (March 2019)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 60-3 (March 2019) . - p.267-276 Titre : Differentiating typical from atypical perpetration of sibling-directed aggression during the preschool years Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Melanie A. DIRKS, Auteur ; Holly E. RECCHIA, Auteur ; Ryne ESTABROOK, Auteur ; Nina HOWE, Auteur ; Amélie PETITCLERC, Auteur ; James L. BURNS, Auteur ; Margaret J. BRIGGS-GOWAN, Auteur ; Lauren S. WAKSCHLAG, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.267-276 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Siblings  aggression  preschool Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Sibling aggression is common and often viewed as benign. Although sibling aggression can be harmful for the victims, it may also be a marker of clinical risk for the aggressor. We differentiated typical from atypical levels of perpetration of sibling-directed aggression among preschoolers, a developmental period in which aggression is a normative misbehavior, by (a) identifying how frequently aggressive behaviors targeted at a sibling must occur to be psychometrically atypical; (b) mapping the dimensional spectrum of sibling-directed aggression from typical, more commonly occurring behaviors to rarer, more atypical, actions; and (c) comparing the psychometric atypicality and typical-to-atypical spectrum of sibling-directed aggression and peer-directed aggression. METHODS: Parents (N = 1,524) of 3- (39.2%), 4-(36.7%), and 5-(24.1%) year-olds (51.9% girls, 41.1% African-American, 31.9% Hispanic; 44.0% below the federal poverty line) completed the MAP-DB, which assesses how often children engage in aggressive behaviors. We used item-response theory (IRT) to address our objectives. RESULTS: Most aggressive behaviors toward siblings were psychometrically atypical when they occurred 'most days' or more; in contrast, most behaviors targeted at peers were atypical when they occurred 'some days' or more. With siblings, relational aggression was more atypical than verbal aggression, whereas with peers, both relational and physical aggression were more atypical than verbal aggression. In both relationships, the most typical behavior was a verbally aggressive action. Results were broadly replicated in a second, independent sample. CONCLUSIONS: These findings are a first step toward specifying features of sibling aggression that are markers of clinical risk and belie the notion that sibling aggression is inherently normative. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12939 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=385 [article] Differentiating typical from atypical perpetration of sibling-directed aggression during the preschool years [texte imprimé] / Melanie A. DIRKS, Auteur ; Holly E. RECCHIA, Auteur ; Ryne ESTABROOK, Auteur ; Nina HOWE, Auteur ; Amélie PETITCLERC, Auteur ; James L. BURNS, Auteur ; Margaret J. BRIGGS-GOWAN, Auteur ; Lauren S. WAKSCHLAG, Auteur . - p.267-276. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 60-3 (March 2019) . - p.267-276 Mots-clés : Siblings  aggression  preschool Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Sibling aggression is common and often viewed as benign. Although sibling aggression can be harmful for the victims, it may also be a marker of clinical risk for the aggressor. We differentiated typical from atypical levels of perpetration of sibling-directed aggression among preschoolers, a developmental period in which aggression is a normative misbehavior, by (a) identifying how frequently aggressive behaviors targeted at a sibling must occur to be psychometrically atypical; (b) mapping the dimensional spectrum of sibling-directed aggression from typical, more commonly occurring behaviors to rarer, more atypical, actions; and (c) comparing the psychometric atypicality and typical-to-atypical spectrum of sibling-directed aggression and peer-directed aggression. METHODS: Parents (N = 1,524) of 3- (39.2%), 4-(36.7%), and 5-(24.1%) year-olds (51.9% girls, 41.1% African-American, 31.9% Hispanic; 44.0% below the federal poverty line) completed the MAP-DB, which assesses how often children engage in aggressive behaviors. We used item-response theory (IRT) to address our objectives. RESULTS: Most aggressive behaviors toward siblings were psychometrically atypical when they occurred 'most days' or more; in contrast, most behaviors targeted at peers were atypical when they occurred 'some days' or more. With siblings, relational aggression was more atypical than verbal aggression, whereas with peers, both relational and physical aggression were more atypical than verbal aggression. In both relationships, the most typical behavior was a verbally aggressive action. Results were broadly replicated in a second, independent sample. CONCLUSIONS: These findings are a first step toward specifying features of sibling aggression that are markers of clinical risk and belie the notion that sibling aggression is inherently normative. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12939 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=385

Parent and youth report of youth anxiety: evidence for measurement invariance / Melanie A. DIRKS in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 55-3 (March 2014)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 55-3 (March 2014) . - p.284-291 Titre : Parent and youth report of youth anxiety: evidence for measurement invariance Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Melanie A. DIRKS, Auteur ; V. Robin WEERSING, Auteur ; Erin WARNICK, Auteur ; Araceli GONZALEZ, Auteur ; Megan ALTON, Auteur ; Christine DAUSER, Auteur ; Lawrence SCAHILL, Auteur ; Joseph WOOLSTON, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.284-291 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Anxiety  measurement  informant disagreement Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background We characterized parent-youth disagreement in their report on the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED) and examined the equivalence of this measure across parent and youth report. Methods A clinically referred sample of 408 parent-youth dyads (M age youth = 14.33, SD = 1.89; 53.7% male; 50.0% Non-Hispanic White (NHW), 14.0% Hispanic, 29.7% African-American) completed the SCARED. We examined (a) differences between parents and youth in the total number of symptoms reported (difference scores) and in their ratings of specific symptoms (q correlations), (b) demographic factors associated with these indices, and (c) equivalence of the pattern and magnitude of factor loadings (i.e., configural and metric invariance), as well as item thresholds and residual variances, across informants. Results The mean difference score was −2.13 (SD = 14.44), with youth reporting higher levels of symptoms, and the mean q correlation was .32 (SD = .24). Difference scores were greater for African-American dyads than NHW pairs. We found complete configural, metric, and residual invariance, and partial threshold invariance. Differences in thresholds did not appear to reflect systematic differences between parent and youth report. Findings were comparable when analyses were conducted separately for NHW and ethnic minority families. Conclusion Findings provide further evidence for the importance of considering youth report when evaluating anxiety in African-American families. The SCARED was invariant across informant reports, suggesting that it is appropriate to compare mean scores for these raters and that variability in parent and youth report is not attributable to their rating different constructs or using different thresholds to determine when symptoms are present. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12159 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=226 [article] Parent and youth report of youth anxiety: evidence for measurement invariance [texte imprimé] / Melanie A. DIRKS, Auteur ; V. Robin WEERSING, Auteur ; Erin WARNICK, Auteur ; Araceli GONZALEZ, Auteur ; Megan ALTON, Auteur ; Christine DAUSER, Auteur ; Lawrence SCAHILL, Auteur ; Joseph WOOLSTON, Auteur . - p.284-291. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 55-3 (March 2014) . - p.284-291 Mots-clés : Anxiety  measurement  informant disagreement Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background We characterized parent-youth disagreement in their report on the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED) and examined the equivalence of this measure across parent and youth report. Methods A clinically referred sample of 408 parent-youth dyads (M age youth = 14.33, SD = 1.89; 53.7% male; 50.0% Non-Hispanic White (NHW), 14.0% Hispanic, 29.7% African-American) completed the SCARED. We examined (a) differences between parents and youth in the total number of symptoms reported (difference scores) and in their ratings of specific symptoms (q correlations), (b) demographic factors associated with these indices, and (c) equivalence of the pattern and magnitude of factor loadings (i.e., configural and metric invariance), as well as item thresholds and residual variances, across informants. Results The mean difference score was −2.13 (SD = 14.44), with youth reporting higher levels of symptoms, and the mean q correlation was .32 (SD = .24). Difference scores were greater for African-American dyads than NHW pairs. We found complete configural, metric, and residual invariance, and partial threshold invariance. Differences in thresholds did not appear to reflect systematic differences between parent and youth report. Findings were comparable when analyses were conducted separately for NHW and ethnic minority families. Conclusion Findings provide further evidence for the importance of considering youth report when evaluating anxiety in African-American families. The SCARED was invariant across informant reports, suggesting that it is appropriate to compare mean scores for these raters and that variability in parent and youth report is not attributable to their rating different constructs or using different thresholds to determine when symptoms are present. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12159 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=226

Psychological Symptoms in Youth and Later Socioeconomic Functioning: Do Associations Vary by Informant ? / Melanie A. DIRKS in Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 40-1 (January-February 2011)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology > 40-1 (January-February 2011) . - p.10-22 Titre : Psychological Symptoms in Youth and Later Socioeconomic Functioning: Do Associations Vary by Informant ? Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Melanie A. DIRKS, Auteur ; Michael H. BOYLE, Auteur ; Katholiki GEORGIADES, Auteur Année de publication : 2011 Article en page(s) : p.10-22 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : We examined whether associations between symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), depression, and anxiety assessed in a sample of 2,026 youth aged 6 to 16 years and socioeconomic functioning measured 18 years later varied as a function of whether parents or teachers had rated symptomatology. After accounting for confounding variables (e.g., family socioeconomic status in childhood), psychological symptoms explained 2.78% of the variability in adult socioeconomic status. Much of that variance was unique to teachers or parents (0.90% and 1.41%, respectively). Moreover, several informant-specific associations emerged: teacher-rated depression and parent-rated ADHD and ODD were significant predictors of later socioeconomic functioning. Overall, these findings provide further evidence that differences between informants are meaningful and support the utility of maintaining the unique perspective of each rater in analytic and measurement strategies. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15374416.2011.533403 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=115 [article] Psychological Symptoms in Youth and Later Socioeconomic Functioning: Do Associations Vary by Informant ? [texte imprimé] / Melanie A. DIRKS, Auteur ; Michael H. BOYLE, Auteur ; Katholiki GEORGIADES, Auteur . - 2011 . - p.10-22. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology > 40-1 (January-February 2011) . - p.10-22 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : We examined whether associations between symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), depression, and anxiety assessed in a sample of 2,026 youth aged 6 to 16 years and socioeconomic functioning measured 18 years later varied as a function of whether parents or teachers had rated symptomatology. After accounting for confounding variables (e.g., family socioeconomic status in childhood), psychological symptoms explained 2.78% of the variability in adult socioeconomic status. Much of that variance was unique to teachers or parents (0.90% and 1.41%, respectively). Moreover, several informant-specific associations emerged: teacher-rated depression and parent-rated ADHD and ODD were significant predictors of later socioeconomic functioning. Overall, these findings provide further evidence that differences between informants are meaningful and support the utility of maintaining the unique perspective of each rater in analytic and measurement strategies. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15374416.2011.533403 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=115

The comparability of mother-report structured interviews and checklists for the quantification of youth externalizing symptoms / Melanie A. DIRKS in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 51-9 (September 2010)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 51-9 (September 2010) . - p.1040-1049 Titre : The comparability of mother-report structured interviews and checklists for the quantification of youth externalizing symptoms Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Melanie A. DIRKS, Auteur ; Michael H. BOYLE, Auteur Année de publication : 2010 Article en page(s) : p.1040-1049 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Measurement externalizing-symptoms interview checklist Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background:  Although structured interviews are assumed to be scientifically superior to checklists for measuring youth psychopathology, few studies have tested this hypothesis. Interviews place a much greater burden on respondents, making it critical to determine their added value when quantifying psychiatric symptoms. Methods:  Confirmatory factor analysis was used to compare interviews and checklists in community (N = 251) and clinically referred (N = 406) samples of youth aged 5 to 17 years. We examined the associations between mother-reported externalizing symptoms assessed by interview versus checklist against (a) teacher-reported externalizing symptoms, and (b) child’s gender, academic performance, single- versus two-parent family, and family income. Models in which associations were estimated freely were contrasted to models in which the interview and the checklist were constrained to have equal associations with the variables. Finding these models fit comparably would suggest no difference between interviews and checklists. Results:  In the community sample, both the constrained and unconstrained models provided comparable fit to the data, suggesting no marked differences between interviews and checklists. In the clinical sample, associations with the interview were generally stronger. Reducing the number of items on the interview to match those on the 6-item checklist eliminated these differences, suggesting that the increased reliability of the interview scales, afforded by additional items, enhanced their quantification of psychopathology. Conclusions:  Consistent with previous studies, interviews were not notably superior to checklists for the measurement of externalizing symptoms. When only a few items are used, small performance differences between checklists and interviews may be due to scale length. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2010.02244.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=108 [article] The comparability of mother-report structured interviews and checklists for the quantification of youth externalizing symptoms [texte imprimé] / Melanie A. DIRKS, Auteur ; Michael H. BOYLE, Auteur . - 2010 . - p.1040-1049. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 51-9 (September 2010) . - p.1040-1049 Mots-clés : Measurement externalizing-symptoms interview checklist Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background:  Although structured interviews are assumed to be scientifically superior to checklists for measuring youth psychopathology, few studies have tested this hypothesis. Interviews place a much greater burden on respondents, making it critical to determine their added value when quantifying psychiatric symptoms. Methods:  Confirmatory factor analysis was used to compare interviews and checklists in community (N = 251) and clinically referred (N = 406) samples of youth aged 5 to 17 years. We examined the associations between mother-reported externalizing symptoms assessed by interview versus checklist against (a) teacher-reported externalizing symptoms, and (b) child’s gender, academic performance, single- versus two-parent family, and family income. Models in which associations were estimated freely were contrasted to models in which the interview and the checklist were constrained to have equal associations with the variables. Finding these models fit comparably would suggest no difference between interviews and checklists. Results:  In the community sample, both the constrained and unconstrained models provided comparable fit to the data, suggesting no marked differences between interviews and checklists. In the clinical sample, associations with the interview were generally stronger. Reducing the number of items on the interview to match those on the 6-item checklist eliminated these differences, suggesting that the increased reliability of the interview scales, afforded by additional items, enhanced their quantification of psychopathology. Conclusions:  Consistent with previous studies, interviews were not notably superior to checklists for the measurement of externalizing symptoms. When only a few items are used, small performance differences between checklists and interviews may be due to scale length. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2010.02244.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=108

The Situation Specificity of Youth Responses to Peer Provocation / Melanie A. DIRKS in Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 36-4 (October-December 2007)  

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