Beyond Modularisation: The Need of a Socio-Neuro-Constructionist Model of Autism / Beatriz LOPEZ in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 45-1 (January 2015)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 45-1 (January 2015) . - p.31-41 Titre : Beyond Modularisation: The Need of a Socio-Neuro-Constructionist Model of Autism Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Beatriz LOPEZ, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.31-41 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism  Neuro-contructivism  Developmental trajectories  Engagement  Intersubjectivity Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism is a developmental disorder defined by social and communication impairments. Current theoretical approaches and research studies however conceptualise autism as both static and independent from the social context in which it develops. Two lines of research stand out from this general trend. First, research from the neuroconstructivist approach of Karmiloff-Smith (Hum Brain Mapp 31:934–941, 2010) aims to establish developmental trajectories of cognitive impairments in autism over time. Second, studies from intersubjective approaches such as that of Hobson (The cradle of thought, Macmillan, London, 2002) focus on the influence of emotional engagement in cognitive impairments. Although these two lines of research have made an invaluable contribution towards our understanding of autism, both offer only partial explanations: Intersubjective approaches fail to provide a developmental perspective and the neuroconstructivist model neglects the role of the social context. This paper argues that the nature of autism demands the theoretical and methodological integration of these two approaches so that developmental and social aspects are investigated in tandem. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-013-1966-9 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=258 [article] Beyond Modularisation: The Need of a Socio-Neuro-Constructionist Model of Autism [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Beatriz LOPEZ, Auteur . - p.31-41. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 45-1 (January 2015) . - p.31-41 Mots-clés : Autism  Neuro-contructivism  Developmental trajectories  Engagement  Intersubjectivity Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism is a developmental disorder defined by social and communication impairments. Current theoretical approaches and research studies however conceptualise autism as both static and independent from the social context in which it develops. Two lines of research stand out from this general trend. First, research from the neuroconstructivist approach of Karmiloff-Smith (Hum Brain Mapp 31:934–941, 2010) aims to establish developmental trajectories of cognitive impairments in autism over time. Second, studies from intersubjective approaches such as that of Hobson (The cradle of thought, Macmillan, London, 2002) focus on the influence of emotional engagement in cognitive impairments. Although these two lines of research have made an invaluable contribution towards our understanding of autism, both offer only partial explanations: Intersubjective approaches fail to provide a developmental perspective and the neuroconstructivist model neglects the role of the social context. This paper argues that the nature of autism demands the theoretical and methodological integration of these two approaches so that developmental and social aspects are investigated in tandem. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-013-1966-9 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=258

Building the Whole Beyond Its Parts: A Critical Examination of Current Theories of Integration Ability in Autism / Beatriz LOPEZ

Public ISBD contenu dans Autism: An Integrated View from Neurocognitive, Clinical, and Intervention Research / Evelyn MCGREGOR Titre : Building the Whole Beyond Its Parts: A Critical Examination of Current Theories of Integration Ability in Autism Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Beatriz LOPEZ, Auteur Année de publication : 2008 Importance : p.104-123 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : SCI-D SCI-D - Neurosciences Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=711 contenu dans Autism: An Integrated View from Neurocognitive, Clinical, and Intervention Research / Evelyn MCGREGOR Building the Whole Beyond Its Parts: A Critical Examination of Current Theories of Integration Ability in Autism [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Beatriz LOPEZ, Auteur . - 2008 . - p.104-123. Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : SCI-D SCI-D - Neurosciences Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=711

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How central is central coherence? / Beatriz LOPEZ in Autism, 12-2 (March 2008)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 12-2 (March 2008) . - p.159-171 Titre : How central is central coherence? Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Beatriz LOPEZ, Auteur ; Susan R. LEEKAM, Auteur ; Gerda R . J. ARTS, Auteur Année de publication : 2008 Article en page(s) : p.159-171 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism central-coherence-theory face-perception semantic-memory Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This study aimed to test the assumption drawn from weak central coherence theory that a central cognitive mechanism is responsible for integrating information at both conceptual and perceptual levels. A visual semantic memory task and a face recognition task measuring use of holistic information were administered to 15 children with autism and 16 typically developing children. If there is a central integration mechanism, performance on the two tasks should be positively associated. No relationship was found, however, between the two abilities in the comparison group and, unexpectedly, a strong significant inverse correlation was found in the autism group. Classification data further confirmed this finding and indicated the possibility of the presence of subgroups in autism. The results add to emerging evidence suggesting that central coherence is not a unitary construct. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361307086662 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=331 [article] How central is central coherence? [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Beatriz LOPEZ, Auteur ; Susan R. LEEKAM, Auteur ; Gerda R . J. ARTS, Auteur . - 2008 . - p.159-171. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 12-2 (March 2008) . - p.159-171 Mots-clés : autism central-coherence-theory face-perception semantic-memory Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This study aimed to test the assumption drawn from weak central coherence theory that a central cognitive mechanism is responsible for integrating information at both conceptual and perceptual levels. A visual semantic memory task and a face recognition task measuring use of holistic information were administered to 15 children with autism and 16 typically developing children. If there is a central integration mechanism, performance on the two tasks should be positively associated. No relationship was found, however, between the two abilities in the comparison group and, unexpectedly, a strong significant inverse correlation was found in the autism group. Classification data further confirmed this finding and indicated the possibility of the presence of subgroups in autism. The results add to emerging evidence suggesting that central coherence is not a unitary construct. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361307086662 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=331

Self-conceptualisation in autism: Knowing oneself versus knowing self-through-other / Adam FARLEY in Autism, 14-5 (September 2010)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 14-5 (September 2010) . - p.519-530 Titre : Self-conceptualisation in autism: Knowing oneself versus knowing self-through-other Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Adam FARLEY, Auteur ; Beatriz LOPEZ, Auteur ; Guy SAUNDERS, Auteur Année de publication : 2010 Article en page(s) : p.519-530 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This study aimed to extend Lee and Hobson’s (1998) findings regarding self-conceptualisation in autism by using a more verbally able sample. The study also investigated the ability to conceptualise self through other. Sixteen typically developing and sixteen adolescents with ASD matched for chronological and verbal mental age were administered a modified version of Damon and Hart’s (1988) self-as-subject interview, which also required participants to conceptualise themselves from another’s perspective. Self-conceptualisation ability was similar between groups across the categories of distinctiveness and continuity, but reduced in the ASD group under the category of agency. Participants with ASD were, however, less able to conceptualise themselves from another’s perspective. These results are discussed in relation to second-person processes and narrative abilities. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361310368536 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=112 [article] Self-conceptualisation in autism: Knowing oneself versus knowing self-through-other [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Adam FARLEY, Auteur ; Beatriz LOPEZ, Auteur ; Guy SAUNDERS, Auteur . - 2010 . - p.519-530. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 14-5 (September 2010) . - p.519-530 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This study aimed to extend Lee and Hobson’s (1998) findings regarding self-conceptualisation in autism by using a more verbally able sample. The study also investigated the ability to conceptualise self through other. Sixteen typically developing and sixteen adolescents with ASD matched for chronological and verbal mental age were administered a modified version of Damon and Hart’s (1988) self-as-subject interview, which also required participants to conceptualise themselves from another’s perspective. Self-conceptualisation ability was similar between groups across the categories of distinctiveness and continuity, but reduced in the ASD group under the category of agency. Participants with ASD were, however, less able to conceptualise themselves from another’s perspective. These results are discussed in relation to second-person processes and narrative abilities. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361310368536 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=112

Social attention patterns of autistic and non-autistic adults when viewing real versus reel people / Beatriz LOPEZ in Autism, 27-8 (November 2023)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 27-8 (November 2023) . - p.2372-2383 Titre : Social attention patterns of autistic and non-autistic adults when viewing real versus reel people Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Beatriz LOPEZ, Auteur ; Nicola Jean GREGORY, Auteur ; Megan FREETH, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.2372-2383 Mots-clés : autism  ecological validity  eye-tracking  social attention Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Research consistently shows that autistic adults do not attend to faces as much as non-autistic adults. However, this conclusion is largely based on studies using pre-recorded videos or photographs as stimuli. In studies using real social scenarios, the evidence is not as clear. To explore the extent to which differences in findings relate to differences in the methodologies used across studies, we directly compared social attention of 32 autistic and 33 non-autistic adults when watching exactly the same video. However, half of the participants in each group were told simply to watch the video (Video condition), and the other half were led to believe they were watching a live webcam feed ('Live' condition). The results yielded no significant group differences in the 'Live' condition. However, significant group differences were found in the 'Video' condition. In this condition, non-autistic participants, but not autistic participants, showed a marked social bias towards faces. The findings highlight the importance of studying social attention combining different methods. Specifically, we argue that studies using pre-recorded footage and studies using real people tap into separate components contributing to social attention. One that is an innate, automatic component and one that is modulated by social norms.Lay AbstractEarly research shows that autistic adults do not attend to faces as much as non-autistic adults. However, some recent studies where autistic people are placed in scenarios with real people reveal that they attend to faces as much as non-autistic people. This study compares attention to faces in two situations. In one, autistic and non-autistic adults watched a pre-recorded video. In the other, they watched what they thought were two people in a room in the same building, via a life webcam, when in fact exactly the same video in two situations. We report the results of 32 autistic adults and 33 non-autistic adults. The results showed that autistic adults do not differ in any way from non-autistic adults when they watched what they believed was people interacting in real time. However, when they thought they were watching a video, non-autistic participants showed higher levels of attention to faces than non-autistic participants. We conclude that attention to social stimuli is the result of a combination of two processes. One innate, which seems to be different in autism, and one that is influenced by social norms, which works in the same way in autistic adults without learning disabilities. The results suggest that social attention is not as different in autism as first thought. Specifically, the study contributes to dispel long-standing deficit models regarding social attention in autism as it points to subtle differences in the use of social norms rather than impairments. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613231162156 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=513 [article] Social attention patterns of autistic and non-autistic adults when viewing real versus reel people [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Beatriz LOPEZ, Auteur ; Nicola Jean GREGORY, Auteur ; Megan FREETH, Auteur . - p.2372-2383. in Autism > 27-8 (November 2023) . - p.2372-2383 Mots-clés : autism  ecological validity  eye-tracking  social attention Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Research consistently shows that autistic adults do not attend to faces as much as non-autistic adults. However, this conclusion is largely based on studies using pre-recorded videos or photographs as stimuli. In studies using real social scenarios, the evidence is not as clear. To explore the extent to which differences in findings relate to differences in the methodologies used across studies, we directly compared social attention of 32 autistic and 33 non-autistic adults when watching exactly the same video. However, half of the participants in each group were told simply to watch the video (Video condition), and the other half were led to believe they were watching a live webcam feed ('Live' condition). The results yielded no significant group differences in the 'Live' condition. However, significant group differences were found in the 'Video' condition. In this condition, non-autistic participants, but not autistic participants, showed a marked social bias towards faces. The findings highlight the importance of studying social attention combining different methods. Specifically, we argue that studies using pre-recorded footage and studies using real people tap into separate components contributing to social attention. One that is an innate, automatic component and one that is modulated by social norms.Lay AbstractEarly research shows that autistic adults do not attend to faces as much as non-autistic adults. However, some recent studies where autistic people are placed in scenarios with real people reveal that they attend to faces as much as non-autistic people. This study compares attention to faces in two situations. In one, autistic and non-autistic adults watched a pre-recorded video. In the other, they watched what they thought were two people in a room in the same building, via a life webcam, when in fact exactly the same video in two situations. We report the results of 32 autistic adults and 33 non-autistic adults. The results showed that autistic adults do not differ in any way from non-autistic adults when they watched what they believed was people interacting in real time. However, when they thought they were watching a video, non-autistic participants showed higher levels of attention to faces than non-autistic participants. We conclude that attention to social stimuli is the result of a combination of two processes. One innate, which seems to be different in autism, and one that is influenced by social norms, which works in the same way in autistic adults without learning disabilities. The results suggest that social attention is not as different in autism as first thought. Specifically, the study contributes to dispel long-standing deficit models regarding social attention in autism as it points to subtle differences in the use of social norms rather than impairments. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613231162156 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=513

The Relationship Between Auditory Processing and Restricted, Repetitive Behaviors in Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorders / Niko KARGAS in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 45-3 (March 2015)  

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