Eye-voice span during rapid automatized naming: evidence of reduced automaticity in individuals with autism spectrum disorder and their siblings / Abigail L. HOGAN-BROWN in Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders, 6-1 (December 2014)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders > 6-1 (December 2014) . - p.33 Titre : Eye-voice span during rapid automatized naming: evidence of reduced automaticity in individuals with autism spectrum disorder and their siblings Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Abigail L. HOGAN-BROWN, Auteur ; R. S. HOEDEMAKER, Auteur ; P. C. GORDON, Auteur ; M. LOSH, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.33 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder  Endophenotype  Eye tracking  Language  Rapid automatized naming  Siblings Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and their parents demonstrate impaired performance in rapid automatized naming (RAN), a task that recruits a variety of linguistic and executive processes. Though the basic processes that contribute to RAN differences remain unclear, eye-voice relationships, as measured through eye tracking, can provide insight into cognitive and perceptual processes contributing to RAN performance. For example, in RAN, eye-voice span (EVS), the distance ahead the eyes are when articulation of a target item's label begins, is an indirect measure of automaticity of the processes underlying RAN. The primary objective of this study was to investigate automaticity in naming processes, as indexed by EVS during RAN. The secondary objective was to characterize RAN difficulties in individuals with ASD and their siblings. METHODS: Participants (aged 15-33 years) included 21 individuals with ASD, 23 siblings of individuals with ASD, and 24 control subjects, group-matched on chronological age. Naming time, frequency of errors, and EVS were measured during a RAN task and compared across groups. RESULTS: A stepwise pattern of RAN performance was observed, with individuals with ASD demonstrating the slowest naming across all RAN conditions, controls demonstrating the fastest naming, and siblings demonstrating intermediate performance. Individuals with ASD exhibited smaller EVSs than controls on all RAN conditions, and siblings exhibited smaller EVSs during number naming (the most highly automatized type of naming). EVSs were correlated with naming times in controls only, and only in the more automatized conditions. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that reduced automaticity in the component processes of RAN may underpin differences in individuals with ASD and their siblings. These findings also provide further support that RAN abilities are impacted by genetic liability to ASD. This study has important implications for understanding the underlying skills contributing to language-related deficits in ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1866-1955-6-33 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=346 [article] Eye-voice span during rapid automatized naming: evidence of reduced automaticity in individuals with autism spectrum disorder and their siblings [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Abigail L. HOGAN-BROWN, Auteur ; R. S. HOEDEMAKER, Auteur ; P. C. GORDON, Auteur ; M. LOSH, Auteur . - p.33. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders > 6-1 (December 2014) . - p.33 Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder  Endophenotype  Eye tracking  Language  Rapid automatized naming  Siblings Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and their parents demonstrate impaired performance in rapid automatized naming (RAN), a task that recruits a variety of linguistic and executive processes. Though the basic processes that contribute to RAN differences remain unclear, eye-voice relationships, as measured through eye tracking, can provide insight into cognitive and perceptual processes contributing to RAN performance. For example, in RAN, eye-voice span (EVS), the distance ahead the eyes are when articulation of a target item's label begins, is an indirect measure of automaticity of the processes underlying RAN. The primary objective of this study was to investigate automaticity in naming processes, as indexed by EVS during RAN. The secondary objective was to characterize RAN difficulties in individuals with ASD and their siblings. METHODS: Participants (aged 15-33 years) included 21 individuals with ASD, 23 siblings of individuals with ASD, and 24 control subjects, group-matched on chronological age. Naming time, frequency of errors, and EVS were measured during a RAN task and compared across groups. RESULTS: A stepwise pattern of RAN performance was observed, with individuals with ASD demonstrating the slowest naming across all RAN conditions, controls demonstrating the fastest naming, and siblings demonstrating intermediate performance. Individuals with ASD exhibited smaller EVSs than controls on all RAN conditions, and siblings exhibited smaller EVSs during number naming (the most highly automatized type of naming). EVSs were correlated with naming times in controls only, and only in the more automatized conditions. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that reduced automaticity in the component processes of RAN may underpin differences in individuals with ASD and their siblings. These findings also provide further support that RAN abilities are impacted by genetic liability to ASD. This study has important implications for understanding the underlying skills contributing to language-related deficits in ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1866-1955-6-33 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=346

Links between looking and speaking in autism and first-degree relatives: insights into the expression of genetic liability to autism / K. NAYAR in Molecular Autism, 9 (2018)  

Public ISBD [article]  inMolecular Autism > 9 (2018) . - 51p. Titre : Links between looking and speaking in autism and first-degree relatives: insights into the expression of genetic liability to autism Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : K. NAYAR, Auteur ; P. C. GORDON, Auteur ; G. E. MARTIN, Auteur ; A. L. HOGAN, Auteur ; C. LA VALLE, Auteur ; W. MCKINNEY, Auteur ; M. LEE, Auteur ; E. S. NORTON, Auteur ; M. LOSH, Auteur Article en page(s) : 51p. Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder  Broad autism phenotype  Endophenotype  Eye movement  Eye-voice span  Gaze  Language  Rapid automatized naming  Restricted and repetitive behaviors  Social communication  standards of the institutional research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki  Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. Informed  consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.Not  applicableThe authors declare that they have no competing interests.Springer  Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and  institutional affiliations. Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: Rapid automatized naming (RAN; naming of familiar items presented in an array) is a task that taps fundamental neurocognitive processes that are affected in a number of complex psychiatric conditions. Deficits in RAN have been repeatedly observed in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and also among first-degree relatives, suggesting that RAN may tap features that index genetic liability to ASD. This study used eye tracking to examine neurocognitive mechanisms related to RAN performance in ASD and first-degree relatives, and investigated links to broader language and clinical-behavioral features. Methods: Fifty-one individuals with ASD, biological parents of individuals with ASD (n = 133), and respective control groups (n = 45 ASD controls; 58 parent controls) completed RAN on an eye tracker. Variables included naming time, frequency of errors, and measures of eye movement during RAN (eye-voice span, number of fixations and refixations). Results: Both the ASD and parent-ASD groups showed slower naming times, more errors, and atypical eye-movement patterns (e.g., increased fixations and refixations), relative to controls, with differences persisting after accounting for spousal resemblance. RAN ability and associated eye movement patterns were correlated with increased social-communicative impairment and increased repetitive behaviors in ASD. Longer RAN times and greater refixations in the parent-ASD group were driven by the subgroup who showed clinical-behavioral features of the broad autism phenotype (BAP). Finally, parent-child dyad correlations revealed associations between naming time and refixations in parents with the BAP and increased repetitive behaviors in their child with ASD. Conclusions: Differences in RAN performance and associated eye movement patterns detected in ASD and in parents, and links to broader social-communicative abilities, clinical features, and parent-child associations, suggest that RAN-related abilities might constitute genetically meaningful neurocognitive markers that can help bridge connections between underlying biology and ASD symptomatology. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-018-0233-5 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=371 [article] Links between looking and speaking in autism and first-degree relatives: insights into the expression of genetic liability to autism [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / K. NAYAR, Auteur ; P. C. GORDON, Auteur ; G. E. MARTIN, Auteur ; A. L. HOGAN, Auteur ; C. LA VALLE, Auteur ; W. MCKINNEY, Auteur ; M. LEE, Auteur ; E. S. NORTON, Auteur ; M. LOSH, Auteur . - 51p. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Molecular Autism > 9 (2018) . - 51p. Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder  Broad autism phenotype  Endophenotype  Eye movement  Eye-voice span  Gaze  Language  Rapid automatized naming  Restricted and repetitive behaviors  Social communication  standards of the institutional research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki  Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. Informed  consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.Not  applicableThe authors declare that they have no competing interests.Springer  Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and  institutional affiliations. Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: Rapid automatized naming (RAN; naming of familiar items presented in an array) is a task that taps fundamental neurocognitive processes that are affected in a number of complex psychiatric conditions. Deficits in RAN have been repeatedly observed in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and also among first-degree relatives, suggesting that RAN may tap features that index genetic liability to ASD. This study used eye tracking to examine neurocognitive mechanisms related to RAN performance in ASD and first-degree relatives, and investigated links to broader language and clinical-behavioral features. Methods: Fifty-one individuals with ASD, biological parents of individuals with ASD (n = 133), and respective control groups (n = 45 ASD controls; 58 parent controls) completed RAN on an eye tracker. Variables included naming time, frequency of errors, and measures of eye movement during RAN (eye-voice span, number of fixations and refixations). Results: Both the ASD and parent-ASD groups showed slower naming times, more errors, and atypical eye-movement patterns (e.g., increased fixations and refixations), relative to controls, with differences persisting after accounting for spousal resemblance. RAN ability and associated eye movement patterns were correlated with increased social-communicative impairment and increased repetitive behaviors in ASD. Longer RAN times and greater refixations in the parent-ASD group were driven by the subgroup who showed clinical-behavioral features of the broad autism phenotype (BAP). Finally, parent-child dyad correlations revealed associations between naming time and refixations in parents with the BAP and increased repetitive behaviors in their child with ASD. Conclusions: Differences in RAN performance and associated eye movement patterns detected in ASD and in parents, and links to broader social-communicative abilities, clinical features, and parent-child associations, suggest that RAN-related abilities might constitute genetically meaningful neurocognitive markers that can help bridge connections between underlying biology and ASD symptomatology. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-018-0233-5 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=371

What's the story? A computational analysis of narrative competence in autism / M. LEE in Autism, 22-3 (April 2018)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 22-3 (April 2018) . - p.335-344 Titre : What's the story? A computational analysis of narrative competence in autism Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : M. LEE, Auteur ; G. E. MARTIN, Auteur ; A. HOGAN, Auteur ; D. HANO, Auteur ; P. C. GORDON, Auteur ; M. LOSH, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.335-344 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  communication and language  narrative Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Individuals with autism spectrum disorder demonstrate narrative (i.e. storytelling) difficulties which can significantly impact their ability to form and maintain social relationships. However, existing research has not comprehensively documented these impairments in more open-ended, emotionally evocative situations common to daily interactions. Computational linguistic measures offer a promising complement to traditional hand-coding methods of narrative analysis and in this study were applied together with hand coding of narratives elicited with emotionally salient scenes from the Thematic Apperception Test. In total, 19 individuals with autism spectrum disorder and 14 typically developing controls were asked to tell stories about six images from the Thematic Apperception Test. Both structural and qualitative aspects of narrative were assessed using a hand-coding system and Latent Semantic Analysis, an automated computational measure of semantic similarity. Individuals with autism spectrum disorder demonstrated significant difficulties with the use of complex syntax to integrate their narratives and problems explaining characters' intentions. These and other key narrative skills were strongly related to narrative competence scores derived from Latent Semantic Analysis, which also distinguished the autism spectrum disorder group from controls. Together, results underscore key narrative impairments in autism spectrum disorder and support the promise of Latent Semantic Analysis as a valuable tool for the quantitative assessment of complex language abilities. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361316677957 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=358 [article] What's the story? A computational analysis of narrative competence in autism [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / M. LEE, Auteur ; G. E. MARTIN, Auteur ; A. HOGAN, Auteur ; D. HANO, Auteur ; P. C. GORDON, Auteur ; M. LOSH, Auteur . - p.335-344. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 22-3 (April 2018) . - p.335-344 Mots-clés : autism spectrum disorder  communication and language  narrative Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Individuals with autism spectrum disorder demonstrate narrative (i.e. storytelling) difficulties which can significantly impact their ability to form and maintain social relationships. However, existing research has not comprehensively documented these impairments in more open-ended, emotionally evocative situations common to daily interactions. Computational linguistic measures offer a promising complement to traditional hand-coding methods of narrative analysis and in this study were applied together with hand coding of narratives elicited with emotionally salient scenes from the Thematic Apperception Test. In total, 19 individuals with autism spectrum disorder and 14 typically developing controls were asked to tell stories about six images from the Thematic Apperception Test. Both structural and qualitative aspects of narrative were assessed using a hand-coding system and Latent Semantic Analysis, an automated computational measure of semantic similarity. Individuals with autism spectrum disorder demonstrated significant difficulties with the use of complex syntax to integrate their narratives and problems explaining characters' intentions. These and other key narrative skills were strongly related to narrative competence scores derived from Latent Semantic Analysis, which also distinguished the autism spectrum disorder group from controls. Together, results underscore key narrative impairments in autism spectrum disorder and support the promise of Latent Semantic Analysis as a valuable tool for the quantitative assessment of complex language abilities. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361316677957 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=358

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