21 recherche sur le mot-clé 'Gaze'

Gaze aversion as a cognitive load management strategy in autism spectrum disorder and Williams syndrome / DOHERTY-SNEDDON GWYNETH in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 53-4 (April 2012)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 53-4 (April 2012) . - p.420-430 Titre : Gaze aversion as a cognitive load management strategy in autism spectrum disorder and Williams syndrome Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : DOHERTY-SNEDDON GWYNETH, Auteur ; Deborah M. RIBY, Auteur ; Lisa WHITTLE, Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : p.420-430 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Eye contact  gaze  Williams syndrome  gaze aversion  autism spectrum disorder Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background:  During face-to-face questioning, typically developing children and adults use gaze aversion (GA), away from their questioner, when thinking. GA increases with question difficulty and improves the accuracy of responses. This is the first study to investigate whether individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD; associated with reduced sociability and atypical face gaze) and Williams syndrome (WS; associated with hypersociability and atypical face gaze) use GA to manage cognitive load during face-to-face interactions. Methods:  Two studies were conducted exploring the typicality of GA during face-to-face questioning in (a) ASD and (b) WS. Results:  In Study 1, children with ASD increased their GA as question difficulty increased. In addition, they used most GA when thinking about their responses to questions, mirroring evidence from typically developing children. An important atypicality for participants with ASD was a significantly higher level of GA when listening to interlocutors. In Study 2, participants with WS showed typical patterns of GA in relation to question difficulty and across different points of the interaction. Conclusions:  Two different neuro-developmental disorders, both characterized by significant problems with executive control of attention and atypicalities of social interactions, exhibited generally typical patterns of GA. All groups used most GA while thinking about questions, and increased their GA as questions got harder. In addition, children with ASD showed elevated levels of GA while listening to questions, but not while thinking about or making their responses, suggesting that they sometimes fail to see the relevance of attending to visual cues rather than actively avoiding them. Results have important implications for how professionals interpret GA in these populations and for social skills training. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2011.02481.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=152 [article] Gaze aversion as a cognitive load management strategy in autism spectrum disorder and Williams syndrome [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / DOHERTY-SNEDDON GWYNETH, Auteur ; Deborah M. RIBY, Auteur ; Lisa WHITTLE, Auteur . - 2012 . - p.420-430. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 53-4 (April 2012) . - p.420-430 Mots-clés : Eye contact  gaze  Williams syndrome  gaze aversion  autism spectrum disorder Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background:  During face-to-face questioning, typically developing children and adults use gaze aversion (GA), away from their questioner, when thinking. GA increases with question difficulty and improves the accuracy of responses. This is the first study to investigate whether individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD; associated with reduced sociability and atypical face gaze) and Williams syndrome (WS; associated with hypersociability and atypical face gaze) use GA to manage cognitive load during face-to-face interactions. Methods:  Two studies were conducted exploring the typicality of GA during face-to-face questioning in (a) ASD and (b) WS. Results:  In Study 1, children with ASD increased their GA as question difficulty increased. In addition, they used most GA when thinking about their responses to questions, mirroring evidence from typically developing children. An important atypicality for participants with ASD was a significantly higher level of GA when listening to interlocutors. In Study 2, participants with WS showed typical patterns of GA in relation to question difficulty and across different points of the interaction. Conclusions:  Two different neuro-developmental disorders, both characterized by significant problems with executive control of attention and atypicalities of social interactions, exhibited generally typical patterns of GA. All groups used most GA while thinking about questions, and increased their GA as questions got harder. In addition, children with ASD showed elevated levels of GA while listening to questions, but not while thinking about or making their responses, suggesting that they sometimes fail to see the relevance of attending to visual cues rather than actively avoiding them. Results have important implications for how professionals interpret GA in these populations and for social skills training. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2011.02481.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=152

Affect and gaze responses during an Emotion-Evoking Task in infants at an increased likelihood for autism spectrum disorder / Lori-Ann R. SACREY in Molecular Autism, 12 (2021)  

Public ISBD [article]  inMolecular Autism > 12 (2021) . - 63 p. Titre : Affect and gaze responses during an Emotion-Evoking Task in infants at an increased likelihood for autism spectrum disorder Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Lori-Ann R. SACREY, Auteur ; Lonnie ZWAIGENBAUM, Auteur ; Jessica BRIAN, Auteur ; I. M. SMITH, Auteur ; V. ARMSTRONG, Auteur ; S. RAZA, Auteur ; T. VAILLANCOURT, Auteur ; Louis A. SCHMIDT, Auteur Article en page(s) : 63 p. Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Affect  Autism  Emotion regulation  Gaze  Increased likelihood cohort  Temperament Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: The majority of research examining emotional difficulties in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) prior to age 2 relies on parent report. METHODS: We examined behavioral responses (affect and gaze) during emotionally salient tasks designed to elicit mildly positive and negative emotional states in infants. At 12 and 18 months, infants at an increased likelihood for an ASD diagnosis (IL; have an older sibling with ASD; n = 60) and low likelihood (LL; no family history of ASD; n = 21) completed the Emotion-Evoking (EE) Task and parents completed the Infant Behavior Questionnaire-Revised (IBQ-R). All children received an Autism Diagnostic Observation Scale-second Edition assessment for ASD symptomatology at 24 months. RESULTS: The main findings were (1) the IL group displayed higher rates of negative affect and spent less time looking at the task objects compared to the LL group, and (2) affect and gaze scores at 12 and 18 months, but not scores on the IBQ-R, predicted ASD symptoms at 24 months. LIMITATIONS: The data were drawn from an IL sample and may not be generalizable to the general ASD population, and the children were not followed to determine a diagnosis of ASD. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that behavioral responses can provide important information that complements parent reports of emotional regulation in IL infants as early as 12 months of age. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-021-00468-0 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=459 [article] Affect and gaze responses during an Emotion-Evoking Task in infants at an increased likelihood for autism spectrum disorder [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Lori-Ann R. SACREY, Auteur ; Lonnie ZWAIGENBAUM, Auteur ; Jessica BRIAN, Auteur ; I. M. SMITH, Auteur ; V. ARMSTRONG, Auteur ; S. RAZA, Auteur ; T. VAILLANCOURT, Auteur ; Louis A. SCHMIDT, Auteur . - 63 p. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Molecular Autism > 12 (2021) . - 63 p. Mots-clés : Affect  Autism  Emotion regulation  Gaze  Increased likelihood cohort  Temperament Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: The majority of research examining emotional difficulties in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) prior to age 2 relies on parent report. METHODS: We examined behavioral responses (affect and gaze) during emotionally salient tasks designed to elicit mildly positive and negative emotional states in infants. At 12 and 18 months, infants at an increased likelihood for an ASD diagnosis (IL; have an older sibling with ASD; n = 60) and low likelihood (LL; no family history of ASD; n = 21) completed the Emotion-Evoking (EE) Task and parents completed the Infant Behavior Questionnaire-Revised (IBQ-R). All children received an Autism Diagnostic Observation Scale-second Edition assessment for ASD symptomatology at 24 months. RESULTS: The main findings were (1) the IL group displayed higher rates of negative affect and spent less time looking at the task objects compared to the LL group, and (2) affect and gaze scores at 12 and 18 months, but not scores on the IBQ-R, predicted ASD symptoms at 24 months. LIMITATIONS: The data were drawn from an IL sample and may not be generalizable to the general ASD population, and the children were not followed to determine a diagnosis of ASD. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that behavioral responses can provide important information that complements parent reports of emotional regulation in IL infants as early as 12 months of age. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-021-00468-0 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=459

Autistic young people adaptively use gaze to facilitate joint attention during multi-gestural dyadic interactions / Nathan CARUANA in Autism, 28-6 (June 2024)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 28-6 (June 2024) . - p.1565-1581 Titre : Autistic young people adaptively use gaze to facilitate joint attention during multi-gestural dyadic interactions Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Nathan CARUANA, Auteur ; Patrick NALEPKA, Auteur ; Glicyr A. PEREZ, Auteur ; Christine INKLEY, Auteur ; Courtney MUNRO, Auteur ; Hannah RAPAPORT, Auteur ; Simon BRETT, Auteur ; David M. KAPLAN, Auteur ; Michael J. RICHARDSON, Auteur ; Elizabeth PELLICANO, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1565-1581 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : eye contact  gaze  non-verbal communication  social interaction  virtual reality Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autistic people often experience difficulties navigating face-to-face social interactions. Historically, the empirical literature has characterised these difficulties as cognitive 'deficits' in social information processing. However, the empirical basis for such claims is lacking, with most studies failing to capture the complexity of social interactions, often distilling them into singular communicative modalities (e.g. gaze-based communication) that are rarely used in isolation in daily interactions. The current study examined how gaze was used in concert with communicative hand gestures during joint attention interactions. We employed an immersive virtual reality paradigm, where autistic (n = 22) and non-autistic (n = 22) young people completed a collaborative task with a non-autistic confederate. Integrated eye-, head- and hand-motion-tracking enabled dyads to communicate naturally with each other while offering objective measures of attention and behaviour. Autistic people in our sample were similarly, if not more, effective in responding to hand-cued joint attention bids compared with non-autistic people. Moreover, both autistic and non-autistic people demonstrated an ability to adaptively use gaze information to aid coordination. Our findings suggest that the intersecting fields of autism and social neuroscience research may have overstated the role of eye gaze during coordinated social interactions. Lay abstract Autistic people have been said to have 'problems' with joint attention, that is, looking where someone else is looking. Past studies of joint attention have used tasks that require autistic people to continuously look at and respond to eye-gaze cues. But joint attention can also be done using other social cues, like pointing. This study looked at whether autistic and non-autistic young people use another person?s eye gaze during joint attention in a task that did not require them to look at their partner?s face. In the task, each participant worked together with their partner to find a computer-generated object in virtual reality. Sometimes the participant had to help guide their partner to the object, and other times, they followed their partner?s lead. Participants were told to point to guide one another but were not told to use eye gaze. Both autistic and non-autistic participants often looked at their partner?s face during joint attention interactions and were faster to respond to their partner?s hand-pointing when the partner also looked at the object before pointing. This shows that autistic people can and do use information from another person?s eyes, even when they don?t have to. It is possible that, by not forcing autistic young people to look at their partner?s face and eyes, they were better able to gather information from their partner?s face when needed, without being overwhelmed. This shows how important it is to design tasks that provide autistic people with opportunities to show what they can do. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613231211967 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=529 [article] Autistic young people adaptively use gaze to facilitate joint attention during multi-gestural dyadic interactions [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Nathan CARUANA, Auteur ; Patrick NALEPKA, Auteur ; Glicyr A. PEREZ, Auteur ; Christine INKLEY, Auteur ; Courtney MUNRO, Auteur ; Hannah RAPAPORT, Auteur ; Simon BRETT, Auteur ; David M. KAPLAN, Auteur ; Michael J. RICHARDSON, Auteur ; Elizabeth PELLICANO, Auteur . - p.1565-1581. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 28-6 (June 2024) . - p.1565-1581 Mots-clés : eye contact  gaze  non-verbal communication  social interaction  virtual reality Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autistic people often experience difficulties navigating face-to-face social interactions. Historically, the empirical literature has characterised these difficulties as cognitive 'deficits' in social information processing. However, the empirical basis for such claims is lacking, with most studies failing to capture the complexity of social interactions, often distilling them into singular communicative modalities (e.g. gaze-based communication) that are rarely used in isolation in daily interactions. The current study examined how gaze was used in concert with communicative hand gestures during joint attention interactions. We employed an immersive virtual reality paradigm, where autistic (n = 22) and non-autistic (n = 22) young people completed a collaborative task with a non-autistic confederate. Integrated eye-, head- and hand-motion-tracking enabled dyads to communicate naturally with each other while offering objective measures of attention and behaviour. Autistic people in our sample were similarly, if not more, effective in responding to hand-cued joint attention bids compared with non-autistic people. Moreover, both autistic and non-autistic people demonstrated an ability to adaptively use gaze information to aid coordination. Our findings suggest that the intersecting fields of autism and social neuroscience research may have overstated the role of eye gaze during coordinated social interactions. Lay abstract Autistic people have been said to have 'problems' with joint attention, that is, looking where someone else is looking. Past studies of joint attention have used tasks that require autistic people to continuously look at and respond to eye-gaze cues. But joint attention can also be done using other social cues, like pointing. This study looked at whether autistic and non-autistic young people use another person?s eye gaze during joint attention in a task that did not require them to look at their partner?s face. In the task, each participant worked together with their partner to find a computer-generated object in virtual reality. Sometimes the participant had to help guide their partner to the object, and other times, they followed their partner?s lead. Participants were told to point to guide one another but were not told to use eye gaze. Both autistic and non-autistic participants often looked at their partner?s face during joint attention interactions and were faster to respond to their partner?s hand-pointing when the partner also looked at the object before pointing. This shows that autistic people can and do use information from another person?s eyes, even when they don?t have to. It is possible that, by not forcing autistic young people to look at their partner?s face and eyes, they were better able to gather information from their partner?s face when needed, without being overwhelmed. This shows how important it is to design tasks that provide autistic people with opportunities to show what they can do. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613231211967 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=529

Autonomic Arousal to Direct Gaze Correlates with Social Impairments Among Children with ASD / Miia KAARTINEN in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 42-9 (September 2012)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 42-9 (September 2012) . - p.1917-1927 Titre : Autonomic Arousal to Direct Gaze Correlates with Social Impairments Among Children with ASD Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Miia KAARTINEN, Auteur ; Kaija PUURA, Auteur ; Tiina MAKELA, Auteur ; Mervi RANNISTO, Auteur ; Riina LEMPONEN, Auteur ; Mika HELMINEN, Auteur ; Raili SALMELIN, Auteur ; Sari-Leena HIMANEN, Auteur ; Jari K. HIETANEN, Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : p.1917-1927 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism  Eye contact  Gaze  Skin conductance  Social skills Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The present study investigated whether autonomic arousal to direct gaze is related to social impairments among children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Arousal was measured through skin conductance responses (SCR) while the participants (15 children with ASD and 16 control children) viewed a live face of another person. Impairments in social skills was assessed with the Developmental, Dimensional and Diagnostic Interview. The level of arousal enhancement to direct gaze in comparison to arousal to faces with averted gaze or closed eyes was positively associated with impairments in social skills (use of language and other social communication skills and use of gesture and non-verbal play) among children with ASD. There was no similar association among children without ASD. The role of arousal-related factors in influencing eye contact behaviour in ASD is discussed. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-011-1435-2 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=180 [article] Autonomic Arousal to Direct Gaze Correlates with Social Impairments Among Children with ASD [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Miia KAARTINEN, Auteur ; Kaija PUURA, Auteur ; Tiina MAKELA, Auteur ; Mervi RANNISTO, Auteur ; Riina LEMPONEN, Auteur ; Mika HELMINEN, Auteur ; Raili SALMELIN, Auteur ; Sari-Leena HIMANEN, Auteur ; Jari K. HIETANEN, Auteur . - 2012 . - p.1917-1927. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 42-9 (September 2012) . - p.1917-1927 Mots-clés : Autism  Eye contact  Gaze  Skin conductance  Social skills Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The present study investigated whether autonomic arousal to direct gaze is related to social impairments among children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Arousal was measured through skin conductance responses (SCR) while the participants (15 children with ASD and 16 control children) viewed a live face of another person. Impairments in social skills was assessed with the Developmental, Dimensional and Diagnostic Interview. The level of arousal enhancement to direct gaze in comparison to arousal to faces with averted gaze or closed eyes was positively associated with impairments in social skills (use of language and other social communication skills and use of gesture and non-verbal play) among children with ASD. There was no similar association among children without ASD. The role of arousal-related factors in influencing eye contact behaviour in ASD is discussed. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-011-1435-2 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=180

Can gaze-cueing be helpful for detecting sound in autism spectrum disorder? / Shuo ZHAO in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 7-10 (October 2013)  

Public ISBD [article]  inResearch in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 7-10 (October 2013) . - p.1250-1256 Titre : Can gaze-cueing be helpful for detecting sound in autism spectrum disorder? Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Shuo ZHAO, Auteur ; Shota UONO, Auteur ; Sayaka YOSHIMURA, Auteur ; Yasutaka KUBOTA, Auteur ; Motomi TOICHI, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1250-1256 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Auditory  Autism spectrum disorder  Cross-modal  Gaze  Joint attention Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a developmental disorder characterized by impaired social interaction, including joint attention, but psychological studies generally have reported intact gaze-triggered joint attention in ASD. These studies used a uni-modal paradigm (i.e. visual cue–target pairs) with eyes or faces as cues and letters or dots as targets. However, it has not been determined whether joint attention is impaired under cross-modal conditions in ASD, although cross-modal impairment has been reported. This study investigated joint attention in ASD under cross-modal conditions with gaze stimuli as visual cues and two kinds of sound (social voice or non-social tone) stimuli as targets. The task for the subject was to locate the target sound and click as soon and as accurately as possible. The ASD group was impaired in joint attention when a tone was used as the target, while both groups showed joint attention to a voice. The results suggest that cross-modal joint attention is impaired in the ASD group when the cue–target relationship is weak (i.e. social cue and non-social target) while it is unimpaired when there is a strong cue–target relationship (i.e. social cue and social target). En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2013.07.001 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=212 [article] Can gaze-cueing be helpful for detecting sound in autism spectrum disorder? [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Shuo ZHAO, Auteur ; Shota UONO, Auteur ; Sayaka YOSHIMURA, Auteur ; Yasutaka KUBOTA, Auteur ; Motomi TOICHI, Auteur . - p.1250-1256. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders > 7-10 (October 2013) . - p.1250-1256 Mots-clés : Auditory  Autism spectrum disorder  Cross-modal  Gaze  Joint attention Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a developmental disorder characterized by impaired social interaction, including joint attention, but psychological studies generally have reported intact gaze-triggered joint attention in ASD. These studies used a uni-modal paradigm (i.e. visual cue–target pairs) with eyes or faces as cues and letters or dots as targets. However, it has not been determined whether joint attention is impaired under cross-modal conditions in ASD, although cross-modal impairment has been reported. This study investigated joint attention in ASD under cross-modal conditions with gaze stimuli as visual cues and two kinds of sound (social voice or non-social tone) stimuli as targets. The task for the subject was to locate the target sound and click as soon and as accurately as possible. The ASD group was impaired in joint attention when a tone was used as the target, while both groups showed joint attention to a voice. The results suggest that cross-modal joint attention is impaired in the ASD group when the cue–target relationship is weak (i.e. social cue and non-social target) while it is unimpaired when there is a strong cue–target relationship (i.e. social cue and social target). En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2013.07.001 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=212

The Role of Gaze Direction in Face Memory in Autism Spectrum Disorder / Safa R. ZAKI in Autism Research, 6-4 (August 2013)  

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Autism diagnosis differentiates neurophysiological responses to faces in adults with tuberous sclerosis complex / C. TYE in Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders, 7-1 (December 2015)  

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Autistic differences in the temporal dynamics of social attention / N. HEDGER in Autism, 25-6 (August 2021)  

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Autistic differences in the temporal dynamics of social attention / Nicholas HEDGER in Autism, 26-6 (August 2022)  

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Basic oculomotor function is similar in young children with ASD and typically developing controls / Inbar AVNI in Autism Research, 14-12 (December 2021)  

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