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Rapid automatized naming as an index of genetic liability to autism / M. LOSH in Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders, 2-2 (June 2010)
[article]
Titre : Rapid automatized naming as an index of genetic liability to autism Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : M. LOSH, Auteur ; D. ESSERMAN, Auteur ; J. PIVEN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.109-16 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism Broad autism phenotype Endophenotype Rapid automatized naming Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This study investigated rapid automatized naming (RAN) ability in high functioning individuals with autism and parents of individuals with autism. Findings revealed parallel patterns of performance in parents and individuals with autism, where both groups had longer naming times than controls. Significant parent-child correlations were also detected, along with associations with language and personality features of the broad autism phenotype (retrospective reports of early language delay, socially reticent personality). Together, findings point towards RAN as a potential marker of genetic liability to autism. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11689-010-9045-4 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=342
in Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders > 2-2 (June 2010) . - p.109-16[article] Rapid automatized naming as an index of genetic liability to autism [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / M. LOSH, Auteur ; D. ESSERMAN, Auteur ; J. PIVEN, Auteur . - p.109-16.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders > 2-2 (June 2010) . - p.109-16
Mots-clés : Autism Broad autism phenotype Endophenotype Rapid automatized naming Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : This study investigated rapid automatized naming (RAN) ability in high functioning individuals with autism and parents of individuals with autism. Findings revealed parallel patterns of performance in parents and individuals with autism, where both groups had longer naming times than controls. Significant parent-child correlations were also detected, along with associations with language and personality features of the broad autism phenotype (retrospective reports of early language delay, socially reticent personality). Together, findings point towards RAN as a potential marker of genetic liability to autism. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11689-010-9045-4 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=342 Eye-voice span during rapid automatized naming: evidence of reduced automaticity in individuals with autism spectrum disorder and their siblings / Abigail L. HOGAN-BROWN in Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders, 6-1 (December 2014)
[article]
Titre : Eye-voice span during rapid automatized naming: evidence of reduced automaticity in individuals with autism spectrum disorder and their siblings Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Abigail L. HOGAN-BROWN, Auteur ; R. S. HOEDEMAKER, Auteur ; P. C. GORDON, Auteur ; M. LOSH, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.33 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder Endophenotype Eye tracking Language Rapid automatized naming Siblings Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and their parents demonstrate impaired performance in rapid automatized naming (RAN), a task that recruits a variety of linguistic and executive processes. Though the basic processes that contribute to RAN differences remain unclear, eye-voice relationships, as measured through eye tracking, can provide insight into cognitive and perceptual processes contributing to RAN performance. For example, in RAN, eye-voice span (EVS), the distance ahead the eyes are when articulation of a target item's label begins, is an indirect measure of automaticity of the processes underlying RAN. The primary objective of this study was to investigate automaticity in naming processes, as indexed by EVS during RAN. The secondary objective was to characterize RAN difficulties in individuals with ASD and their siblings. METHODS: Participants (aged 15-33 years) included 21 individuals with ASD, 23 siblings of individuals with ASD, and 24 control subjects, group-matched on chronological age. Naming time, frequency of errors, and EVS were measured during a RAN task and compared across groups. RESULTS: A stepwise pattern of RAN performance was observed, with individuals with ASD demonstrating the slowest naming across all RAN conditions, controls demonstrating the fastest naming, and siblings demonstrating intermediate performance. Individuals with ASD exhibited smaller EVSs than controls on all RAN conditions, and siblings exhibited smaller EVSs during number naming (the most highly automatized type of naming). EVSs were correlated with naming times in controls only, and only in the more automatized conditions. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that reduced automaticity in the component processes of RAN may underpin differences in individuals with ASD and their siblings. These findings also provide further support that RAN abilities are impacted by genetic liability to ASD. This study has important implications for understanding the underlying skills contributing to language-related deficits in ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1866-1955-6-33 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=346
in Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders > 6-1 (December 2014) . - p.33[article] Eye-voice span during rapid automatized naming: evidence of reduced automaticity in individuals with autism spectrum disorder and their siblings [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Abigail L. HOGAN-BROWN, Auteur ; R. S. HOEDEMAKER, Auteur ; P. C. GORDON, Auteur ; M. LOSH, Auteur . - p.33.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders > 6-1 (December 2014) . - p.33
Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder Endophenotype Eye tracking Language Rapid automatized naming Siblings Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : BACKGROUND: Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and their parents demonstrate impaired performance in rapid automatized naming (RAN), a task that recruits a variety of linguistic and executive processes. Though the basic processes that contribute to RAN differences remain unclear, eye-voice relationships, as measured through eye tracking, can provide insight into cognitive and perceptual processes contributing to RAN performance. For example, in RAN, eye-voice span (EVS), the distance ahead the eyes are when articulation of a target item's label begins, is an indirect measure of automaticity of the processes underlying RAN. The primary objective of this study was to investigate automaticity in naming processes, as indexed by EVS during RAN. The secondary objective was to characterize RAN difficulties in individuals with ASD and their siblings. METHODS: Participants (aged 15-33 years) included 21 individuals with ASD, 23 siblings of individuals with ASD, and 24 control subjects, group-matched on chronological age. Naming time, frequency of errors, and EVS were measured during a RAN task and compared across groups. RESULTS: A stepwise pattern of RAN performance was observed, with individuals with ASD demonstrating the slowest naming across all RAN conditions, controls demonstrating the fastest naming, and siblings demonstrating intermediate performance. Individuals with ASD exhibited smaller EVSs than controls on all RAN conditions, and siblings exhibited smaller EVSs during number naming (the most highly automatized type of naming). EVSs were correlated with naming times in controls only, and only in the more automatized conditions. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that reduced automaticity in the component processes of RAN may underpin differences in individuals with ASD and their siblings. These findings also provide further support that RAN abilities are impacted by genetic liability to ASD. This study has important implications for understanding the underlying skills contributing to language-related deficits in ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1866-1955-6-33 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=346 Early predictors of dyslexia in Chinese children: familial history of dyslexia, language delay, and cognitive profiles / Catherine MCBRIDE-CHANG in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 52-2 (February 2011)
[article]
Titre : Early predictors of dyslexia in Chinese children: familial history of dyslexia, language delay, and cognitive profiles Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Catherine MCBRIDE-CHANG, Auteur ; Fanny LAM, Auteur ; Catherine LAM, Auteur ; Becky CHAN, Auteur ; Cathy Y.-C. FONG, Auteur ; Terry T.Y. WONG, Auteur ; Simpson W.L. WONG, Auteur Année de publication : 2011 Article en page(s) : p.204-211 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Language impairment genetic risk morphological awareness rapid automatized naming Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: This work tested the rates at which Chinese children with either language delay or familial history of dyslexia at age 5 manifested dyslexia at age 7, identified which cognitive skills at age 5 best distinguished children with and without dyslexia at age 7, and examined how these early abilities predicted subsequent literacy skills.
Method: Forty-seven at-risk children (21 who were initially language delayed and 26 with familial risk) and 47 control children matched on age, IQ, and mothers’ education were tested on syllable awareness, tone detection, rapid automatized naming, visual skill, morphological awareness, and word reading at age 5 and subsequently tested for dyslexia on a standard Hong Kong measure at age 7.
Results: Of those with an early language delay, 62% subsequently manifested dyslexia; for those with familial risk, the rate of dyslexia was 50%. Those with dyslexia were best distinguished from those without dyslexia by the age-5 measures of morphological awareness, rapid automatized naming, and word reading itself; other measures did not distinguish the groups. In a combined regression analysis across all participants, morphological awareness uniquely explained word reading accuracy and rapid automatized naming uniquely explained timed word reading at age 7, with all other measures statistically controlled. Separate stepwise regression analyses by group indicated that visual skill uniquely explained subsequent literacy skills in the at-risk group only, whereas tone and syllable awareness were unique predictors of literacy skills in the control group only.
Conclusions: Both early language delay and familial risk strongly overlap with subsequent dyslexia in Chinese children. Overall, rapid automatized naming and morphological awareness are relatively strong correlates of developmental dyslexia in Chinese; visual skill and phonological awareness may also be uniquely associated with subsequent literacy development in at-risk and typically developing children, respectively.En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2010.02299.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=116
in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 52-2 (February 2011) . - p.204-211[article] Early predictors of dyslexia in Chinese children: familial history of dyslexia, language delay, and cognitive profiles [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Catherine MCBRIDE-CHANG, Auteur ; Fanny LAM, Auteur ; Catherine LAM, Auteur ; Becky CHAN, Auteur ; Cathy Y.-C. FONG, Auteur ; Terry T.Y. WONG, Auteur ; Simpson W.L. WONG, Auteur . - 2011 . - p.204-211.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 52-2 (February 2011) . - p.204-211
Mots-clés : Language impairment genetic risk morphological awareness rapid automatized naming Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: This work tested the rates at which Chinese children with either language delay or familial history of dyslexia at age 5 manifested dyslexia at age 7, identified which cognitive skills at age 5 best distinguished children with and without dyslexia at age 7, and examined how these early abilities predicted subsequent literacy skills.
Method: Forty-seven at-risk children (21 who were initially language delayed and 26 with familial risk) and 47 control children matched on age, IQ, and mothers’ education were tested on syllable awareness, tone detection, rapid automatized naming, visual skill, morphological awareness, and word reading at age 5 and subsequently tested for dyslexia on a standard Hong Kong measure at age 7.
Results: Of those with an early language delay, 62% subsequently manifested dyslexia; for those with familial risk, the rate of dyslexia was 50%. Those with dyslexia were best distinguished from those without dyslexia by the age-5 measures of morphological awareness, rapid automatized naming, and word reading itself; other measures did not distinguish the groups. In a combined regression analysis across all participants, morphological awareness uniquely explained word reading accuracy and rapid automatized naming uniquely explained timed word reading at age 7, with all other measures statistically controlled. Separate stepwise regression analyses by group indicated that visual skill uniquely explained subsequent literacy skills in the at-risk group only, whereas tone and syllable awareness were unique predictors of literacy skills in the control group only.
Conclusions: Both early language delay and familial risk strongly overlap with subsequent dyslexia in Chinese children. Overall, rapid automatized naming and morphological awareness are relatively strong correlates of developmental dyslexia in Chinese; visual skill and phonological awareness may also be uniquely associated with subsequent literacy development in at-risk and typically developing children, respectively.En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2010.02299.x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=116 Links between looking and speaking in autism and first-degree relatives: insights into the expression of genetic liability to autism / K. NAYAR in Molecular Autism, 9 (2018)
[article]
Titre : Links between looking and speaking in autism and first-degree relatives: insights into the expression of genetic liability to autism Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : K. NAYAR, Auteur ; P. C. GORDON, Auteur ; G. E. MARTIN, Auteur ; A. L. HOGAN, Auteur ; C. LA VALLE, Auteur ; W. MCKINNEY, Auteur ; M. LEE, Auteur ; E. S. NORTON, Auteur ; M. LOSH, Auteur Article en page(s) : 51p. Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder Broad autism phenotype Endophenotype Eye movement Eye-voice span Gaze Language Rapid automatized naming Restricted and repetitive behaviors Social communication standards of the institutional research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.Not applicableThe authors declare that they have no competing interests.Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: Rapid automatized naming (RAN; naming of familiar items presented in an array) is a task that taps fundamental neurocognitive processes that are affected in a number of complex psychiatric conditions. Deficits in RAN have been repeatedly observed in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and also among first-degree relatives, suggesting that RAN may tap features that index genetic liability to ASD. This study used eye tracking to examine neurocognitive mechanisms related to RAN performance in ASD and first-degree relatives, and investigated links to broader language and clinical-behavioral features. Methods: Fifty-one individuals with ASD, biological parents of individuals with ASD (n = 133), and respective control groups (n = 45 ASD controls; 58 parent controls) completed RAN on an eye tracker. Variables included naming time, frequency of errors, and measures of eye movement during RAN (eye-voice span, number of fixations and refixations). Results: Both the ASD and parent-ASD groups showed slower naming times, more errors, and atypical eye-movement patterns (e.g., increased fixations and refixations), relative to controls, with differences persisting after accounting for spousal resemblance. RAN ability and associated eye movement patterns were correlated with increased social-communicative impairment and increased repetitive behaviors in ASD. Longer RAN times and greater refixations in the parent-ASD group were driven by the subgroup who showed clinical-behavioral features of the broad autism phenotype (BAP). Finally, parent-child dyad correlations revealed associations between naming time and refixations in parents with the BAP and increased repetitive behaviors in their child with ASD. Conclusions: Differences in RAN performance and associated eye movement patterns detected in ASD and in parents, and links to broader social-communicative abilities, clinical features, and parent-child associations, suggest that RAN-related abilities might constitute genetically meaningful neurocognitive markers that can help bridge connections between underlying biology and ASD symptomatology. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-018-0233-5 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=371
in Molecular Autism > 9 (2018) . - 51p.[article] Links between looking and speaking in autism and first-degree relatives: insights into the expression of genetic liability to autism [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / K. NAYAR, Auteur ; P. C. GORDON, Auteur ; G. E. MARTIN, Auteur ; A. L. HOGAN, Auteur ; C. LA VALLE, Auteur ; W. MCKINNEY, Auteur ; M. LEE, Auteur ; E. S. NORTON, Auteur ; M. LOSH, Auteur . - 51p.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Molecular Autism > 9 (2018) . - 51p.
Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder Broad autism phenotype Endophenotype Eye movement Eye-voice span Gaze Language Rapid automatized naming Restricted and repetitive behaviors Social communication standards of the institutional research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.Not applicableThe authors declare that they have no competing interests.Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background: Rapid automatized naming (RAN; naming of familiar items presented in an array) is a task that taps fundamental neurocognitive processes that are affected in a number of complex psychiatric conditions. Deficits in RAN have been repeatedly observed in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and also among first-degree relatives, suggesting that RAN may tap features that index genetic liability to ASD. This study used eye tracking to examine neurocognitive mechanisms related to RAN performance in ASD and first-degree relatives, and investigated links to broader language and clinical-behavioral features. Methods: Fifty-one individuals with ASD, biological parents of individuals with ASD (n = 133), and respective control groups (n = 45 ASD controls; 58 parent controls) completed RAN on an eye tracker. Variables included naming time, frequency of errors, and measures of eye movement during RAN (eye-voice span, number of fixations and refixations). Results: Both the ASD and parent-ASD groups showed slower naming times, more errors, and atypical eye-movement patterns (e.g., increased fixations and refixations), relative to controls, with differences persisting after accounting for spousal resemblance. RAN ability and associated eye movement patterns were correlated with increased social-communicative impairment and increased repetitive behaviors in ASD. Longer RAN times and greater refixations in the parent-ASD group were driven by the subgroup who showed clinical-behavioral features of the broad autism phenotype (BAP). Finally, parent-child dyad correlations revealed associations between naming time and refixations in parents with the BAP and increased repetitive behaviors in their child with ASD. Conclusions: Differences in RAN performance and associated eye movement patterns detected in ASD and in parents, and links to broader social-communicative abilities, clinical features, and parent-child associations, suggest that RAN-related abilities might constitute genetically meaningful neurocognitive markers that can help bridge connections between underlying biology and ASD symptomatology. En ligne : https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-018-0233-5 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=371