Affective startle potentiation differentiates primary and secondary variants of juvenile psychopathy / Eva R. KIMONIS in Development and Psychopathology, 29-4 (October 2017)  

Public ISBD [article]  inDevelopment and Psychopathology > 29-4 (October 2017) . - p.1149-1160 Titre : Affective startle potentiation differentiates primary and secondary variants of juvenile psychopathy Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Eva R. KIMONIS, Auteur ; Kostas A. FANTI, Auteur ; Natalie GOULTER, Auteur ; Jason HALL, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.1149-1160 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract Individuals with psychopathic traits show an attenuated emotional response to aversive stimuli. However, recent evidence suggests heterogeneity in emotional reactivity among individuals with psychopathic or callous–unemotional (CU) traits in the identification of primary and secondary subtypes, or variants. We hypothesized that primary CU variants will respond with blunted affect to negatively valenced stimuli, whereas individuals with a history of childhood maltreatment, fitting with theoretical conceptualizations of secondary psychopathy, will display heightened emotional reactivity. To test this hypothesis, we examined fear-potentiated startle between CU variants while viewing aversive, pleasant, and neutral scenes. Two hundred thirty-eight incarcerated adolescent (M age = 16.8 years, SD = 1.11 years) boys completed a picture-startle paradigm and self-report questionnaires assessing CU traits, aggressive behavior, and maltreatment. Latent profile analysis of CU trait, aggression, and maltreatment scores identified four classes: primary psychopathy variants (high CU traits, high aggression, low maltreatment; n = 46), secondary psychopathy variants (high CU traits, high aggression, high maltreatment; n = 42), and two nonpsychopathic groups differentiated on maltreatment experience (n = 148). Primary CU variants displayed reduced startle potentiation to aversive images relative to control, maltreated, and also secondary variants that exhibited greater startle modulation. Findings add to a rapidly growing body of literature supporting the possibility of multiple developmental pathways to psychopathic traits (i.e., equifinality), and extend it by finding support for divergent potential biomarkers between primary and secondary CU variants. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579416001206 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=312 [article] Affective startle potentiation differentiates primary and secondary variants of juvenile psychopathy [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Eva R. KIMONIS, Auteur ; Kostas A. FANTI, Auteur ; Natalie GOULTER, Auteur ; Jason HALL, Auteur . - p.1149-1160. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Development and Psychopathology > 29-4 (October 2017) . - p.1149-1160 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Abstract Individuals with psychopathic traits show an attenuated emotional response to aversive stimuli. However, recent evidence suggests heterogeneity in emotional reactivity among individuals with psychopathic or callous–unemotional (CU) traits in the identification of primary and secondary subtypes, or variants. We hypothesized that primary CU variants will respond with blunted affect to negatively valenced stimuli, whereas individuals with a history of childhood maltreatment, fitting with theoretical conceptualizations of secondary psychopathy, will display heightened emotional reactivity. To test this hypothesis, we examined fear-potentiated startle between CU variants while viewing aversive, pleasant, and neutral scenes. Two hundred thirty-eight incarcerated adolescent (M age = 16.8 years, SD = 1.11 years) boys completed a picture-startle paradigm and self-report questionnaires assessing CU traits, aggressive behavior, and maltreatment. Latent profile analysis of CU trait, aggression, and maltreatment scores identified four classes: primary psychopathy variants (high CU traits, high aggression, low maltreatment; n = 46), secondary psychopathy variants (high CU traits, high aggression, high maltreatment; n = 42), and two nonpsychopathic groups differentiated on maltreatment experience (n = 148). Primary CU variants displayed reduced startle potentiation to aversive images relative to control, maltreated, and also secondary variants that exhibited greater startle modulation. Findings add to a rapidly growing body of literature supporting the possibility of multiple developmental pathways to psychopathic traits (i.e., equifinality), and extend it by finding support for divergent potential biomarkers between primary and secondary CU variants. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579416001206 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=312

Are impairments in emotion recognition a core feature of callous–unemotional traits? Testing the primary versus secondary variants model in children / Mark R. DADDS in Development and Psychopathology, 30-1 (February 2018)  

Public ISBD [article]  inDevelopment and Psychopathology > 30-1 (February 2018) . - p.67-77 Titre : Are impairments in emotion recognition a core feature of callous–unemotional traits? Testing the primary versus secondary variants model in children Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Mark R. DADDS, Auteur ; Eva R. KIMONIS, Auteur ; Olivia SCHOLLAR-ROOT, Auteur ; Caroline MOUL, Auteur ; David J. HAWES, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.67-77 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The role of environmental adversity in the development of high callous–unemotional (CU) traits in children is controversial. Evidence speaks to the traits being largely independent of adversity; however, recent data shows that those with high CU traits and high adversity and/or high anxiety might differ in important ways from those with no such history. We tested this using emotion recognition (ER) skills. We tested whether maltreatment history and anxiety levels moderated the relationship between level of CU traits and ER skills in N = 364 children with behavioral problems who were 3 to 16 years old. As hypothesised, in the full sample, the relationship between CU traits and ER differed according to maltreatment history, such that CU traits were associated with poorer recognition for those with zero or negligible history of maltreatment. This moderation of the CU-ER relationship by maltreatment was inconsistent across subgroups, however, and for the cohort utilizing youth self-report of maltreatment, high CU traits were associated with poor ER in those with lower anxiety levels. Maltreatment history and/or anxiety levels can identify different emotional impairments associated with high CU traits, and the impairments might be characteristic of “primary” high CU traits defined as occurring independently of maltreatment and/or high anxiety. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579417000475 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=335 [article] Are impairments in emotion recognition a core feature of callous–unemotional traits? Testing the primary versus secondary variants model in children [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Mark R. DADDS, Auteur ; Eva R. KIMONIS, Auteur ; Olivia SCHOLLAR-ROOT, Auteur ; Caroline MOUL, Auteur ; David J. HAWES, Auteur . - p.67-77. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Development and Psychopathology > 30-1 (February 2018) . - p.67-77 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : The role of environmental adversity in the development of high callous–unemotional (CU) traits in children is controversial. Evidence speaks to the traits being largely independent of adversity; however, recent data shows that those with high CU traits and high adversity and/or high anxiety might differ in important ways from those with no such history. We tested this using emotion recognition (ER) skills. We tested whether maltreatment history and anxiety levels moderated the relationship between level of CU traits and ER skills in N = 364 children with behavioral problems who were 3 to 16 years old. As hypothesised, in the full sample, the relationship between CU traits and ER differed according to maltreatment history, such that CU traits were associated with poorer recognition for those with zero or negligible history of maltreatment. This moderation of the CU-ER relationship by maltreatment was inconsistent across subgroups, however, and for the cohort utilizing youth self-report of maltreatment, high CU traits were associated with poor ER in those with lower anxiety levels. Maltreatment history and/or anxiety levels can identify different emotional impairments associated with high CU traits, and the impairments might be characteristic of “primary” high CU traits defined as occurring independently of maltreatment and/or high anxiety. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579417000475 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=335

Callous-unemotional traits and the emotional processing of distress cues in detained boys: Testing the moderating role of aggression, exposure to community violence, and histories of abuse / Eva R. KIMONIS in Development and Psychopathology, 20-2 (Spring 2008)  

Public ISBD [article]  inDevelopment and Psychopathology > 20-2 (Spring 2008) . - p.569-589 Titre : Callous-unemotional traits and the emotional processing of distress cues in detained boys: Testing the moderating role of aggression, exposure to community violence, and histories of abuse Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Eva R. KIMONIS, Auteur ; Paul J. FRICK, Auteur ; Luna C. MUNOZ, Auteur ; Katherine J. AUCOIN, Auteur Année de publication : 2008 Article en page(s) : p.569-589 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Callous-unemotional (CU) traits in antisocial youth have been associated with deficits in the processing of emotionally distressing stimuli in a number of past studies. In the current study, we investigated moderators of this association in a sample of 88 ethnically diverse detained boys (mean age = 15.57, SD = 1.28). Overall, emotional processing of distressing stimuli using a dot-probe task was not related to CU traits and there was no moderating effect of ethnicity. However, CU traits were related to deficits in emotional processing in youth high on aggression and youth high on exposure to community violence. Further, youth high on CU traits but with enhanced orienting to distressing stimuli had stronger histories of abuse, supporting the possibility that there may be environmentally influenced pathways in the development of these traits. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s095457940800028x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=413 [article] Callous-unemotional traits and the emotional processing of distress cues in detained boys: Testing the moderating role of aggression, exposure to community violence, and histories of abuse [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Eva R. KIMONIS, Auteur ; Paul J. FRICK, Auteur ; Luna C. MUNOZ, Auteur ; Katherine J. AUCOIN, Auteur . - 2008 . - p.569-589. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Development and Psychopathology > 20-2 (Spring 2008) . - p.569-589 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Callous-unemotional (CU) traits in antisocial youth have been associated with deficits in the processing of emotionally distressing stimuli in a number of past studies. In the current study, we investigated moderators of this association in a sample of 88 ethnically diverse detained boys (mean age = 15.57, SD = 1.28). Overall, emotional processing of distressing stimuli using a dot-probe task was not related to CU traits and there was no moderating effect of ethnicity. However, CU traits were related to deficits in emotional processing in youth high on aggression and youth high on exposure to community violence. Further, youth high on CU traits but with enhanced orienting to distressing stimuli had stronger histories of abuse, supporting the possibility that there may be environmentally influenced pathways in the development of these traits. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s095457940800028x Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=413

Emotional reactivity and the association between psychopathy-linked narcissism and aggression in detained adolescent boys / Luna C. MUÑOZ CENTIFANTI in Development and Psychopathology, 25-2 (May 2013)  

Public ISBD [article]  inDevelopment and Psychopathology > 25-2 (May 2013) . - p.473-485 Titre : Emotional reactivity and the association between psychopathy-linked narcissism and aggression in detained adolescent boys Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Luna C. MUÑOZ CENTIFANTI, Auteur ; Eva R. KIMONIS, Auteur ; Paul J. FRICK, Auteur ; Katherine J. AUCOIN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.473-485 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Different patterns of emotional reactivity characterize proactive and reactive functions of aggressive behavior, and theory also suggests a link of both types with narcissism. How people with narcissistic traits respond emotionally to competitive scenarios could influence their aggressiveness. Participants were 85 adolescent boys from a detention center. Several indices of emotional functioning were assessed, including attentional bias to negative emotional stimuli and psychophysiological responding. In addition, we included self-report and laboratory measures of aggression and measures of psychopathy-linked narcissism, callous–unemotional traits, and impulsivity. Psychopathy-linked narcissism was uniquely related to unprovoked aggression (i.e., proactive aggression) and to heightened attention to pictures depicting others’ distress. Compared with those scoring low on narcissism, those high on narcissism, who were the least physiologically reactive group, evinced greater proactive aggression, whereas those showing a pattern of coactivation (i.e., sympathetic and parasympathetic autonomic reactivity) evinced greater reactive aggression. Results are consistent with descriptions of narcissistic individuals as being hypervigilant to negative cues and exhibiting poor emotion regulation. These characteristics may lead to aggressive and violent behavior aimed at maintaining dominance over others. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0954579412001186 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=199 [article] Emotional reactivity and the association between psychopathy-linked narcissism and aggression in detained adolescent boys [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Luna C. MUÑOZ CENTIFANTI, Auteur ; Eva R. KIMONIS, Auteur ; Paul J. FRICK, Auteur ; Katherine J. AUCOIN, Auteur . - p.473-485. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Development and Psychopathology > 25-2 (May 2013) . - p.473-485 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Different patterns of emotional reactivity characterize proactive and reactive functions of aggressive behavior, and theory also suggests a link of both types with narcissism. How people with narcissistic traits respond emotionally to competitive scenarios could influence their aggressiveness. Participants were 85 adolescent boys from a detention center. Several indices of emotional functioning were assessed, including attentional bias to negative emotional stimuli and psychophysiological responding. In addition, we included self-report and laboratory measures of aggression and measures of psychopathy-linked narcissism, callous–unemotional traits, and impulsivity. Psychopathy-linked narcissism was uniquely related to unprovoked aggression (i.e., proactive aggression) and to heightened attention to pictures depicting others’ distress. Compared with those scoring low on narcissism, those high on narcissism, who were the least physiologically reactive group, evinced greater proactive aggression, whereas those showing a pattern of coactivation (i.e., sympathetic and parasympathetic autonomic reactivity) evinced greater reactive aggression. Results are consistent with descriptions of narcissistic individuals as being hypervigilant to negative cues and exhibiting poor emotion regulation. These characteristics may lead to aggressive and violent behavior aimed at maintaining dominance over others. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0954579412001186 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=199

Facial reactions to emotional films in young children with conduct problems and varying levels of callous-unemotional traits / Eva R. KIMONIS in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 64-3 (March 2023)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 64-3 (March 2023) . - p.357-366 Titre : Facial reactions to emotional films in young children with conduct problems and varying levels of callous-unemotional traits Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Eva R. KIMONIS, Auteur ; Brandon LE, Auteur ; Georgette E. FLEMING, Auteur ; Melina N. KYRANIDES, Auteur ; Chara A. DEMETRIOU, Auteur ; Kostas A. FANTI, Auteur ; Bryan NEO, Auteur ; Ashneeta H. PRASAD, Auteur ; Amanda CHAN, Auteur ; David J. HAWES, Auteur ; Valsamma EAPEN, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.357-366 Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Elevated levels of callous-unemotional (CU) traits have proven useful for identifying a distinct subgroup of children whose conduct problems (CP) are early emerging, severe, persistent, and underpinned by aberrant emotional processing. The early childhood emotional experiences and expressions of CP subtypes are poorly understood, despite their importance to understanding the problematic attachments and atypical social affiliation experienced by children with elevated CU traits. The current study aimed to test for differences in facial emotional reactions to mood-inducing film clips in children with CP and varying levels of CU traits. Method We compared facial emotional reactions during a developmentally appropriate mood induction task in a mixed-sex sample of clinic-referred preschool children (Mage=3.64 years, SD=0.63, 66.9% male) classified as CP with elevated levels of CU traits (CP + CU; n=25) versus low CU traits (CP-only; n=47), and typically developing children (TD; n=28). Results Relative to TD children, children with clinical CP showed less congruent and more incongruent facial emotional expressions to sad and happy film clips, controlling for child sex, age, and ethnicity. Conclusions Consistent with older samples, young children with CP show atypical facial emotional expressions in response to positive and negative emotional stimuli. Findings have implications for developmental models of childhood antisocial behavior and can inform the development of targeted interventions. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13701 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=493 [article] Facial reactions to emotional films in young children with conduct problems and varying levels of callous-unemotional traits [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Eva R. KIMONIS, Auteur ; Brandon LE, Auteur ; Georgette E. FLEMING, Auteur ; Melina N. KYRANIDES, Auteur ; Chara A. DEMETRIOU, Auteur ; Kostas A. FANTI, Auteur ; Bryan NEO, Auteur ; Ashneeta H. PRASAD, Auteur ; Amanda CHAN, Auteur ; David J. HAWES, Auteur ; Valsamma EAPEN, Auteur . - p.357-366. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry > 64-3 (March 2023) . - p.357-366 Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Background Elevated levels of callous-unemotional (CU) traits have proven useful for identifying a distinct subgroup of children whose conduct problems (CP) are early emerging, severe, persistent, and underpinned by aberrant emotional processing. The early childhood emotional experiences and expressions of CP subtypes are poorly understood, despite their importance to understanding the problematic attachments and atypical social affiliation experienced by children with elevated CU traits. The current study aimed to test for differences in facial emotional reactions to mood-inducing film clips in children with CP and varying levels of CU traits. Method We compared facial emotional reactions during a developmentally appropriate mood induction task in a mixed-sex sample of clinic-referred preschool children (Mage=3.64 years, SD=0.63, 66.9% male) classified as CP with elevated levels of CU traits (CP + CU; n=25) versus low CU traits (CP-only; n=47), and typically developing children (TD; n=28). Results Relative to TD children, children with clinical CP showed less congruent and more incongruent facial emotional expressions to sad and happy film clips, controlling for child sex, age, and ethnicity. Conclusions Consistent with older samples, young children with CP show atypical facial emotional expressions in response to positive and negative emotional stimuli. Findings have implications for developmental models of childhood antisocial behavior and can inform the development of targeted interventions. En ligne : https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13701 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=493

Factors differentiating callous-unemotional children with and without conduct problems / Tina D. WALL in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 57-8 (August 2016)  

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Primary and secondary variants of juvenile psychopathy differ in emotional processing / Eva R. KIMONIS in Development and Psychopathology, 24-3 (August 2012)  

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Profiles of the forms and functions of self-reported aggression in three adolescent samples / Monica A. MARSEE in Development and Psychopathology, 26-3 (August 2014)  

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Sympathetic nervous system functioning during the face-to-face still-face paradigm in the first year of life / Louis KLEIN in Development and Psychopathology, 35-2 (May 2023)  

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Using self-reported callous-unemotional traits to cross-nationally assess the DSM-5 ‘With Limited Prosocial Emotions’ specifier / Eva R. KIMONIS in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 56-11 (November 2015)  

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Verbal ability and delinquency: testing the moderating role of psychopathic traits / Luna C. MUNOZ in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 49-4 (April 2008)  

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