Cognitive enhancement therapy for adult autism spectrum disorder: Results of an 18-month randomized clinical trial / S. M. EACK in Autism Research, 11-3 (March 2018)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism Research > 11-3 (March 2018) . - p.519-530 Titre : Cognitive enhancement therapy for adult autism spectrum disorder: Results of an 18-month randomized clinical trial Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : S. M. EACK, Auteur ; S. S. HOGARTY, Auteur ; D. P. GREENWALD, Auteur ; M. Y. LITSCHGE, Auteur ; S. A. PORTON, Auteur ; C. A. MAZEFSKY, Auteur ; N. J. MINSHEW, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.519-530 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : adult autism  cognitive enhancement  cognitive remediation  neurocognition  social cognition Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Cognitive remediation is a promising approach to treating core cognitive deficits in adults with autism, but rigorously controlled trials of comprehensive interventions that target both social and non-social cognition over a sufficient period of time to impact functioning are lacking. This study examined the efficacy of cognitive enhancement therapy (CET) for improving core cognitive and employment outcomes in adult autism. Verbal adult outpatients with autism spectrum disorder (N = 54) were randomized to an 18-month, single-blind trial of CET, a cognitive remediation approach that integrates computer-based neurocognitive training with group-based training in social cognition, or an active enriched supportive therapy (EST) comparison focused on psychoeducation and condition management. Primary outcomes were composite indexes of neurocognitive and social-cognitive change. Competitive employment was a secondary outcome. Intent-to-treat analyses indicated that CET produced significant differential increases in neurocognitive function relative to EST (d = .46, P = .013). Both CET and EST were associated with large social-cognitive improvements, with CET demonstrating an advantage at 9 (d = .58, P = 0.020), but not 18 months (d = .27, P = 0.298). Effects on employment indicated that participants treated with CET were significantly more likely to gain competitive employment than those in EST, OR = 6.21, P = 0.023, which was mediated by cognitive improvement. CET is a feasible and potentially effective treatment for core cognitive deficits in adult autism spectrum disorder. The treatment of cognitive impairments in this population can contribute to meaningful improvements in adult outcomes. Autism Res 2018, 11: 519-530. (c) 2017 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: Cognitive enhancement therapy (CET), an 18-month cognitive remediation intervention designed to improve thinking and social understanding, was found to be more effective than supportive therapy at improving mental quickness, attention, and employment in adults living with autism. Social understanding was equally improved in CET and supportive therapy. Cognitive remediation interventions are feasible and may confer significant functional benefits to adults with autism. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1913 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=352 [article] Cognitive enhancement therapy for adult autism spectrum disorder: Results of an 18-month randomized clinical trial [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / S. M. EACK, Auteur ; S. S. HOGARTY, Auteur ; D. P. GREENWALD, Auteur ; M. Y. LITSCHGE, Auteur ; S. A. PORTON, Auteur ; C. A. MAZEFSKY, Auteur ; N. J. MINSHEW, Auteur . - p.519-530. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism Research > 11-3 (March 2018) . - p.519-530 Mots-clés : adult autism  cognitive enhancement  cognitive remediation  neurocognition  social cognition Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Cognitive remediation is a promising approach to treating core cognitive deficits in adults with autism, but rigorously controlled trials of comprehensive interventions that target both social and non-social cognition over a sufficient period of time to impact functioning are lacking. This study examined the efficacy of cognitive enhancement therapy (CET) for improving core cognitive and employment outcomes in adult autism. Verbal adult outpatients with autism spectrum disorder (N = 54) were randomized to an 18-month, single-blind trial of CET, a cognitive remediation approach that integrates computer-based neurocognitive training with group-based training in social cognition, or an active enriched supportive therapy (EST) comparison focused on psychoeducation and condition management. Primary outcomes were composite indexes of neurocognitive and social-cognitive change. Competitive employment was a secondary outcome. Intent-to-treat analyses indicated that CET produced significant differential increases in neurocognitive function relative to EST (d = .46, P = .013). Both CET and EST were associated with large social-cognitive improvements, with CET demonstrating an advantage at 9 (d = .58, P = 0.020), but not 18 months (d = .27, P = 0.298). Effects on employment indicated that participants treated with CET were significantly more likely to gain competitive employment than those in EST, OR = 6.21, P = 0.023, which was mediated by cognitive improvement. CET is a feasible and potentially effective treatment for core cognitive deficits in adult autism spectrum disorder. The treatment of cognitive impairments in this population can contribute to meaningful improvements in adult outcomes. Autism Res 2018, 11: 519-530. (c) 2017 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: Cognitive enhancement therapy (CET), an 18-month cognitive remediation intervention designed to improve thinking and social understanding, was found to be more effective than supportive therapy at improving mental quickness, attention, and employment in adults living with autism. Social understanding was equally improved in CET and supportive therapy. Cognitive remediation interventions are feasible and may confer significant functional benefits to adults with autism. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.1913 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=352

Processing Speed is Impaired in Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder, and Relates to Social Communication Abilities / Sarah M. HAIGH in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 48-8 (August 2018)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 48-8 (August 2018) . - p.2653-2662 Titre : Processing Speed is Impaired in Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder, and Relates to Social Communication Abilities Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Sarah M. HAIGH, Auteur ; Jennifer A. WALSH, Auteur ; C. A. MAZEFSKY, Auteur ; N. J. MINSHEW, Auteur ; S. M. EACK, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.2653-2662 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder  Information processing  Matrics  Speed of processing Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by a variety of social and non-social behavioral deficits. One potential mechanism that could unify this diverse profile of behaviors is slower processing speed. Seventy-six high-functioning adults with ASD were compared to 64 matched controls on standardized measures of processing speed. Participants with ASD were significantly slower on all measures, and on the composite score from the three tests (d's > .65). ASD participants with slower processing speeds scored higher on the ADOS Communication and Reciprocal Social Interaction scale (r = .34). These findings provide evidence of slower processing speeds in adults with ASD, and that this may be contributing to impairments in social communication skills. Interventions that improve processing speed might improve social communication abilities in ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-018-3515-z Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=367 [article] Processing Speed is Impaired in Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder, and Relates to Social Communication Abilities [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Sarah M. HAIGH, Auteur ; Jennifer A. WALSH, Auteur ; C. A. MAZEFSKY, Auteur ; N. J. MINSHEW, Auteur ; S. M. EACK, Auteur . - p.2653-2662. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > 48-8 (August 2018) . - p.2653-2662 Mots-clés : Autism spectrum disorder  Information processing  Matrics  Speed of processing Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by a variety of social and non-social behavioral deficits. One potential mechanism that could unify this diverse profile of behaviors is slower processing speed. Seventy-six high-functioning adults with ASD were compared to 64 matched controls on standardized measures of processing speed. Participants with ASD were significantly slower on all measures, and on the composite score from the three tests (d's > .65). ASD participants with slower processing speeds scored higher on the ADOS Communication and Reciprocal Social Interaction scale (r = .34). These findings provide evidence of slower processing speeds in adults with ASD, and that this may be contributing to impairments in social communication skills. Interventions that improve processing speed might improve social communication abilities in ASD. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-018-3515-z Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=367

The combined impact of social support and perceived stress on quality of life in adults with autism spectrum disorder and without intellectual disability / Lauren BISHOP-FITZPATRICK in Autism, 22-6 (August 2018)  

Public ISBD [article]  inAutism > 22-6 (August 2018) . - p.703-711 Titre : The combined impact of social support and perceived stress on quality of life in adults with autism spectrum disorder and without intellectual disability Type de document : Texte imprimé et/ou numérique Auteurs : Lauren BISHOP-FITZPATRICK, Auteur ; C. A. MAZEFSKY, Auteur ; S. M. EACK, Auteur Article en page(s) : p.703-711 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Asperger's  autism spectrum disorder  friendship  high-functioning autism  intervention  quality of life  social inclusion  stress Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Identifying modifiable correlates of good quality of life in adults with autism spectrum disorder is of paramount importance for intervention development as the population of adults with autism spectrum disorder increases. This study sought to examine social support and perceived stress as potential modifiable correlates of quality of life in adults with autism spectrum disorder. We hypothesized that adults with autism spectrum disorder without co-occurring intellectual disabilities ( N = 40; aged 18-44 years) would report lower levels of social support and quality of life than typical community volunteers who were matched for age, sex, and race ( N = 25). We additionally hypothesized that social support would buffer the effect of perceived stress on quality of life in adults with autism spectrum disorder. Results indicated that adults with autism spectrum disorder reported significantly lower levels of social support and quality of life than matched typical community volunteers. In addition, findings showed significant direct effects of social support and perceived stress on quality of life in adults with autism spectrum disorder. Social support did not buffer the effect of perceived stress on quality of life. Interventions that teach adults with autism spectrum disorder skills to help them better manage stress and cultivate supportive social relationships have the potential to improve quality of life. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361317703090 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=366 [article] The combined impact of social support and perceived stress on quality of life in adults with autism spectrum disorder and without intellectual disability [Texte imprimé et/ou numérique] / Lauren BISHOP-FITZPATRICK, Auteur ; C. A. MAZEFSKY, Auteur ; S. M. EACK, Auteur . - p.703-711. Langues : Anglais (eng) in Autism > 22-6 (August 2018) . - p.703-711 Mots-clés : Asperger's  autism spectrum disorder  friendship  high-functioning autism  intervention  quality of life  social inclusion  stress Index. décimale : PER Périodiques Résumé : Identifying modifiable correlates of good quality of life in adults with autism spectrum disorder is of paramount importance for intervention development as the population of adults with autism spectrum disorder increases. This study sought to examine social support and perceived stress as potential modifiable correlates of quality of life in adults with autism spectrum disorder. We hypothesized that adults with autism spectrum disorder without co-occurring intellectual disabilities ( N = 40; aged 18-44 years) would report lower levels of social support and quality of life than typical community volunteers who were matched for age, sex, and race ( N = 25). We additionally hypothesized that social support would buffer the effect of perceived stress on quality of life in adults with autism spectrum disorder. Results indicated that adults with autism spectrum disorder reported significantly lower levels of social support and quality of life than matched typical community volunteers. In addition, findings showed significant direct effects of social support and perceived stress on quality of life in adults with autism spectrum disorder. Social support did not buffer the effect of perceived stress on quality of life. Interventions that teach adults with autism spectrum disorder skills to help them better manage stress and cultivate supportive social relationships have the potential to improve quality of life. En ligne : http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361317703090 Permalink : https://www.cra-rhone-alpes.org/cid/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=366

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